ch. 52 preparation of cytology smears

when sending out cytologies, submit _ to _ air dried unstained smears and _ to _ romanowsky stained smears

2,3

for the modified compression preparation, rotate second slide _ degrees and lift upward

45

preferred fixative for cytology samples is

95% methanol

if possible, fluid samples should be collected with _

EDTA

several different preparations are usually made from each sample to allow for diagnostic testing without _ collection

additional

fluid samples may need an _ or _

anticoagulant, preservatives

papanicolaou stains do not demonstrate _

bacteria

_, _, and _ of the fluid influence the selection of smear technique

cellularity, viscosity, homogeneity

line smear is prepared for samples that have low _ or a small _

cellularity, volume

some samples may require _

centrifugation

the type of preparation depends on _ of the sample

characteristics

place aspirate on the middle of the slide. place prep slide on flat surface, pull spreader slide backward at 45 degree angle until it makes contact with approx. 1/3 of the aspirate. then smoothly and rapidly move spreader slide forward. next place spreader slide horizontally over back third of aspirate at a right angle. quickly slide the spreader slide across the prep slide.

combination technique

the prep leaves three different types of areas to evaluate

combination technique

can yield excellent cytologic smears

compression

papanicolaou do not stain _ well

cytoplasm

when sending out fluids, _ smears and _ smears and _ and _ _ tube should be submitted

direct, concentrated, EDTA, red top

_ step ensures the highest quality preparation

fixative

the _ must be fresh and not contaminated, protect from evaporation and dilution, and prepare slides should remain in the _ for 2 to 5 minutes

fixative

preparations of smears from fluid samples should be prepared _ after collection

immediately

cytology samples are processed by a variety of techniques including

impression smears, compression or modified compression preparations, line, starfish, wedge smears

stain organisms and the cytoplasm of cells slide must be air dried because

it preserves and fixes the cells to the slide

a drop of fluid is placed on the slide and a blood smear technique is used except the spreader slide is raised directly upward approx. 3/4 of the way through the smear, creating a line containing a higher concentration of cells. used for low cellularity

line smear

papanicolaou stains require many steps and time, and its difficult to _, _, and _ in practice

locate, prepare, maintain

formalin fumes after the staining characteristics of smears and water causes cell _

lysis

preparation of smears from solid _ including

masses, lymph nodes, and internal organs

the starfish smear is also known as

needle spread technique

_ _ _ is a useful adjunct to romanowsky stain

new methylene blue

_ stains give excellent nuclear detail and delicate cytoplasmic detail

papanicolaou

when in house evaluations do not furnish sufficient reliable information, the samples should be submitted to a veterinary clinical _ or _

pathologist, cytologist

experience of the _ preparing the smears and _ of the sample influence the choice of technique

person, characteristics

_ do not stain with new methylene blue

rbc

for compression prep, gently place a second slide at _ angles to the first slide. the spreader slide is quickly and smoothly slid across the prep slide. downward pressure should not be placed on the spreader slide.

right

_ stains are inexpensive, readily available, and easy to prepare, maintain, and use

romanowsky

the two general types of stains that are most commonly used are the _ stain and _ stain

romanowsky, papanicolaou

compression preparation is also known as the _ prep

squash

some samples may require multiple _

stains

drags the aspirate peripherally in several direction with the point of a needle. tends not to damage cells, but leaves a thick layer.

starfish smear

ideal smear for viscous samples

starfish smear

you should never mail _ slides with formalin containing samples

unfixed

poor staining quality can be perplexing, but it also can be avoided by

use clean new slides, fresh well filtered stains and fresh buffer solution, fix cytologic preps, don't touch the slide, avoid contamination with foreign substance

new methylene blue stains cytoplasms _, but gives excellent nuclear detail

weakly

aka blood smear. a drop of fluid is placed on the slide about 1 to 1.5 cm from the end. second slide is pulled backward at a 30 to 40 degree angle until it makes contact with the drop. the fluid spreads across the width of the spreader slide. the spreader slide is then quickly and smoothly pushed forward until all fluid is drained away creating a feathered edge

wedge smear

romanowsky stains include

wright, giemsa, diff quik, dipstat