Ch 6 Dev
direct and relational
Forms of aggression are _______ and _______
preschool
Gender segregation play begins in _______________
instrumental and reactive
Motives of aggression are _______ and ______
True
T/F In non western cultures, specific kinds of prosocial behaviors such as sacrificing for one's parent are more of a norm
False
T/F helping children learn to be creative is an important part of play
emotion regulation
The capacity to manage our feelings so that they don't get in the way of a productive life is called __________
Boys
_____ are more likely to have externalizing problems.
Friendships
__________ stimulate personal development
difficult temperament
_______________ may evoke power assertion disciplinary techniques.
gender segregated play
____________________ is firmly entrenched by elementary school
Harter's Questionnaire
a quiz that determines how children view themselves and shows you their self esteem
Bullying
a situation in which one or more children harass or target a specific child for systematic abuse
Erikson's Industry vs Inferiority
ability to work towards a goal and feelings if they don't measure up
induction
attempt to use empathy as parenting to get your child to put themselves in someone else's position. Uses guilt instead of shame
Self esteem
based on the value child places on particular dimension or dimensions
Self esteem
develops when we determine ourselves good or bad
bully victim
exceptionally aggressive children who repeatedly get picked on
reactive aggression
exhibited in response to being threatened or deprived of a goal you are trying to reach. Intense spur of the moment gut reaction.
sympathy
experience a muted version of the emotion another person is experience. You can reflect and direct your actions
rejected
may be socially inept, may not fit in with the dominant group
average
middle range status
Susan Harter's five dimensions
people skills, politeness, intellectual abilities, appearance, physical abilities are considered ___________
instrumental aggression
performed in order to achieve some type of goal or action
altruism
prosocial behaviors performed for selfless, non egocentric reasons
practice adult roles, sense of control, social norms, insights to what children are thinking
values of pretend play
happy, executive functioning skills, sympathy/empathy
who is more likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors?
internal and psychological
fourth grader's self description are _______ facts
external
3 year old self descriptions focus on __________ facts
sensorimotor stage
Fantasy play emerges at the end of the ___________
calm, nurturing, collaboratively
girls play:
externalizing tendencies
Children who act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively have______________
internalizing tendencies
Children who are incredibly anxious, timid, and frightened ___________
externalizing
Children with ______ problems may ignore real problems and have unrealistically high self esteem
more modest
Japanese children may be ____________
2 and a half
Peter is at the life peak age for physical aggression. His age is likely ______
preschool; elementary
Prosocial behavior appears as early as ______; more frequent in ______ school
boys and girls can play together sometimes but typically stick to their own gender friends
Sarah, a new third grade teacher, wants her male and female students to play together. Sarah needs to be told that:
Withdraw from others
Shame, or the feeling of being personally humiliated causes us to want to _________
reactive
What is the most dangerous type of aggression?
older children; internal
When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend, Samantha answers Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me. These girls are most likely __________ and she describes their friendship in terms of ____________ qualities
socially anxious, relatively unpopular children, who don't fight back
Who tends to get bullied more often?
We have reached concrete operations
Why does self esteem tend to decline during elementary school?
Olweus bully prevention program
administrators working with students form a school wide norm of intolerance of bullying
aggression
any hostile or destructive act. peaks at age 2.5yr and declines with onset of emotional regulation of maturing frontal lobes
True/False
boys are more likely than girls to be labeled aggressive
rambunctious, superhero, warrior, establish dominance, competition
boys play:
Emotional regulation
capacity to manage one's emotions due to a maturing frontal lobe, important for social/emotional success
learned helplessness
children who believe they are powerless to affect their fate, and so give up, feeling that they should not try to succeed _____________
internalizing
children with _______ problems can read failure into everything and have little self esteem
testosterone, traditional gender roles, gender schema theme
contributions to gender stereotyped play:
learned helplessness
feel incapable of affecting the outcome of event, may stop trying
self efficacy
feelings of competence, I can succeed if I work hard, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, praise child's effort
relational aggression
hurt relationships
fantasy play (pretend play)
imagining you are a certain character and acting that out
Externalizing tendencies
impulsive, behave disruptively/aggressive
Internalizing tendencies
intense fear, social inhibition, depression
low self esteem
internalizing problems, overly self critical, inflate failures, see failure when it doesn't exist
hostile attributional bias
interpret and accident as an intentional effort
scaffold altruism
intervene when your child behaves in a hurtful, negative way
popular
most liked
sensitive parenting, minimize power assertion, teach emotional regulation
parents of children with externalizing disorders need to ________ to help intervene bullying
foster secure attachment
parents of shy children need to ___________ to help intervene bullying
Interventions encourage accurate perceptions
set realistic goals, accurate feedback, express care, praise effort
prosocial behavior
sharing, helping, and caring actions
classic victim
shy, anxious child
Concrete operational stage
understand inner states, less egocentric, there are different perspectives from their belief, more self aware
Rough and tumble play
wrestling, tackling
direct aggression
yelling, hitting, screaming
empathy
you experience the emotion as if you were that person