Ch 6 Dev

direct and relational

Forms of aggression are _______ and _______

preschool

Gender segregation play begins in _______________

instrumental and reactive

Motives of aggression are _______ and ______

True

T/F In non western cultures, specific kinds of prosocial behaviors such as sacrificing for one's parent are more of a norm

False

T/F helping children learn to be creative is an important part of play

emotion regulation

The capacity to manage our feelings so that they don't get in the way of a productive life is called __________

Boys

_____ are more likely to have externalizing problems.

Friendships

__________ stimulate personal development

difficult temperament

_______________ may evoke power assertion disciplinary techniques.

gender segregated play

____________________ is firmly entrenched by elementary school

Harter's Questionnaire

a quiz that determines how children view themselves and shows you their self esteem

Bullying

a situation in which one or more children harass or target a specific child for systematic abuse

Erikson's Industry vs Inferiority

ability to work towards a goal and feelings if they don't measure up

induction

attempt to use empathy as parenting to get your child to put themselves in someone else's position. Uses guilt instead of shame

Self esteem

based on the value child places on particular dimension or dimensions

Self esteem

develops when we determine ourselves good or bad

bully victim

exceptionally aggressive children who repeatedly get picked on

reactive aggression

exhibited in response to being threatened or deprived of a goal you are trying to reach. Intense spur of the moment gut reaction.

sympathy

experience a muted version of the emotion another person is experience. You can reflect and direct your actions

rejected

may be socially inept, may not fit in with the dominant group

average

middle range status

Susan Harter's five dimensions

people skills, politeness, intellectual abilities, appearance, physical abilities are considered ___________

instrumental aggression

performed in order to achieve some type of goal or action

altruism

prosocial behaviors performed for selfless, non egocentric reasons

practice adult roles, sense of control, social norms, insights to what children are thinking

values of pretend play

happy, executive functioning skills, sympathy/empathy

who is more likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors?

internal and psychological

fourth grader's self description are _______ facts

external

3 year old self descriptions focus on __________ facts

sensorimotor stage

Fantasy play emerges at the end of the ___________

calm, nurturing, collaboratively

girls play:

externalizing tendencies

Children who act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively have______________

internalizing tendencies

Children who are incredibly anxious, timid, and frightened ___________

externalizing

Children with ______ problems may ignore real problems and have unrealistically high self esteem

more modest

Japanese children may be ____________

2 and a half

Peter is at the life peak age for physical aggression. His age is likely ______

preschool; elementary

Prosocial behavior appears as early as ______; more frequent in ______ school

boys and girls can play together sometimes but typically stick to their own gender friends

Sarah, a new third grade teacher, wants her male and female students to play together. Sarah needs to be told that:

Withdraw from others

Shame, or the feeling of being personally humiliated causes us to want to _________

reactive

What is the most dangerous type of aggression?

older children; internal

When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend, Samantha answers Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me. These girls are most likely __________ and she describes their friendship in terms of ____________ qualities

socially anxious, relatively unpopular children, who don't fight back

Who tends to get bullied more often?

We have reached concrete operations

Why does self esteem tend to decline during elementary school?

Olweus bully prevention program

administrators working with students form a school wide norm of intolerance of bullying

aggression

any hostile or destructive act. peaks at age 2.5yr and declines with onset of emotional regulation of maturing frontal lobes

True/False

boys are more likely than girls to be labeled aggressive

rambunctious, superhero, warrior, establish dominance, competition

boys play:

Emotional regulation

capacity to manage one's emotions due to a maturing frontal lobe, important for social/emotional success

learned helplessness

children who believe they are powerless to affect their fate, and so give up, feeling that they should not try to succeed _____________

internalizing

children with _______ problems can read failure into everything and have little self esteem

testosterone, traditional gender roles, gender schema theme

contributions to gender stereotyped play:

learned helplessness

feel incapable of affecting the outcome of event, may stop trying

self efficacy

feelings of competence, I can succeed if I work hard, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, praise child's effort

relational aggression

hurt relationships

fantasy play (pretend play)

imagining you are a certain character and acting that out

Externalizing tendencies

impulsive, behave disruptively/aggressive

Internalizing tendencies

intense fear, social inhibition, depression

low self esteem

internalizing problems, overly self critical, inflate failures, see failure when it doesn't exist

hostile attributional bias

interpret and accident as an intentional effort

scaffold altruism

intervene when your child behaves in a hurtful, negative way

popular

most liked

sensitive parenting, minimize power assertion, teach emotional regulation

parents of children with externalizing disorders need to ________ to help intervene bullying

foster secure attachment

parents of shy children need to ___________ to help intervene bullying

Interventions encourage accurate perceptions

set realistic goals, accurate feedback, express care, praise effort

prosocial behavior

sharing, helping, and caring actions

classic victim

shy, anxious child

Concrete operational stage

understand inner states, less egocentric, there are different perspectives from their belief, more self aware

Rough and tumble play

wrestling, tackling

direct aggression

yelling, hitting, screaming

empathy

you experience the emotion as if you were that person