Ch 6: Diagnostic Tests: Medical Office Pro 3rd Edition

Most of the information below will be stated on prepared pamphlets from the diagnostic area.

Direct , advise and coach client in preparation of test When and where to go How to prepare for it What exactly will happen How long will it take Does it hurt Can I drive home after Time off work

Well - informed client:

Less apprehensive Compliant with preparation instructions More cooperative at time of test

RESPONSIBILITIES OF AHP in RELATION TO DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:

- Give oral & written instructions - Reminder calls, day or so before tests - Requisition fill out, note on chart, how patient notified - Report abnormal or critical values to physician immediately upon receiving results

Radiology Technologist

- clinical xray work

Hemotologist

- physician - specializes in diagnosis, treatment, prevention &/or investigation of blood & lymphatic disorders.

PET scan -

3D images of functioning body parts e.g. beating heart or blood flow.

Pathologist -

physician - examines tissues, interpret results

Radiologist -

physician, interprets images

Hematology -

CBC ( complete blood count),RBC ( # of red blood cells/volume of blood ), Hg (hemoglobin - protein on RBC that attaches to O2 in blood ), WBC ( # of white blood cells/volume of blood - fight infections ), platelet count ( # of platelets ( thrombocytes)/volume of blood - blood clotting), Coagulation Study ( clotting time )

Cardiology -

ECG ( records electrical activity of heart), Holter Monitoring ( portable test that continuously records electrical activity of the heart over a period of time )

A client having a mammogram may be asked to avoid caffeine for a period of time prior to the test. T/F

False

Early afternoon urine specimens are preferred because there is more uniformity in the volume and concentration of the urine T/F

False

Microbiology tests study the number and shape of blood cells. T/F

False

A CBC typically includes RBC, Hct, WBC and differential T/F

False- HGB & Platelet

Ultrasound -

sound waves produce pictures of soft tissue structures

CBC

Hematology

MRI -

Magnetic Resonance Imaging - analysis of radio frequency pulses which cause protons with in the body to realign with external magnetic field.

Tissue Biopsy

Pathology

When booking a lab test, specific information must be provided. This would include

the client's name, demographic information, health card number, physician test required, names of physicians who are to receive a copy of the test and any additional information required by the lab.

A colonoscopy often requires a bowel and dietary prep prior to the procedure. T/F

True

A low platelet count could lead to a bleeding concern. T/F

True

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) is a test performed to monitor drug therapy with anticoagulants such as heparin. T/F

True

Timed urine collection tests are carried out over a 24 hour period. T/F

True

Urine specimens for C&S must be taken to the lab immediately or refrigerated. T/F

True

Blood glucose tests are used to diagnose metabolic disease. T/F

True (diabetes)

Urine R&M

Urinalysis

Diagnostic testing provides

a valuable source of information to establish a diagnosis and monitor a client's progress and response to treatment. Tests are important for health promotion and disease prevention because they screen for disease and detect illness early.

Which of the following circumstance would most likely necessitate the need for ABG's (arterial blood gases) to be done. a. The patient is experiencing hypoxia. b. The patient is experiencing urinary retention. c. The patient is experiencing symptoms related to a seasonal flue. d. The patient has been diagnosed with cancer which has metastasized to the kidneys.

a. The patient is experiencing hypoxia.

CBC is an

abbreviation for a complete blood count. The tests include analysis of red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, differential blood count, and platelet count.

Laboratory -

assists in diagnosis - labs found in hospitals or independent or a few carried out in the physician's office. Departments within lab specialize in hematology, pathology, chemistry, etc

Some of the tests that require a patient to fast include,

barium swallow, colonoscopy, barium enema, gastroscopy, cholectstography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), glucose tolerance test and fasting blood glucose.

A midstream urine should

be taken to the lab immediately or refrigerated. A specimen allowed to sit at room temperature will encourage bacterial growth, and thus a false positive for infection can occur.

Microbiology studies

body fluids and tissues for infectious organisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Commonly ordered microbiology tests include, midstream urine test, sputum culture test, blood cultures, stool culture, and analysis of each of these specimens.

Microbiology -

c&s ( test for potential pathogenic bacterium followed by antibiotic susceptibility test) . Test urine, stool, sputum, blood. Test for infections caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi.

Which of the following is an International Normalized Ratio for reporting the results of blood coagulation tests? a. ESR b. PTT c. INR d. APTT

c. INR

Angiogram -

cardiac catheterization - ( dye injected via catheter & xrays taken of arteries)

Cholesterol/Triglyceride Level

chemistry

Medical laboratory Technologist -

clinical lab work

Endoscopies -

colonoscopy ( large intestine ), gastroscopy ( lining of esophagus, stomach,& first part of small intestine )

CT scan -

cross-sectional images of any body part

Which of the following is the best definition of a pathologist? a. A physician who specializes in interpreting images of the body. b. A technologist who is knowledgeable in all areas of clinical laboratory work. c. A physician who specializes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the blood and lymphatic system. d. A medical doctor who examines tissue samples and interprets results. They also may perform an autopsy.

d. A medical doctor who examines tissue samples and interprets results. They also may perform an autopsy.

Which of the following is the purpose of a glycosolated hemoglobin blood test? a. The patient's random daily glucose level is measured. b. The patient's ability to tolerate a glucose drink is measured. c. The patient's daily morning fasting blood sugar is measured. d. The patient's blood glucose control over the previous 2-4 months is measured.

d. The patient's blood glucose control over the previous 2-4 months is measured.

ultrasound

diagnostic imaging

Phlebotomist -

draws blood specimens

cariovascular

electocardiogram

Chemistry -

electrolytes( NA, K, Cl ), blood glucose, cholesterol/triglycerides ( fats in blood ), creatinine( renal function ), blood plasma /body fluids ( BS, BUN, enzymes), heart ( cardiac) enzymes - released after a heart attack indicating extent of damage

spirometry

lung function test

midstream urine

microbiology

xrays -

visual image of body part, using low doses of radiation reflected on film or fluorescent screen.(e.g. chest xray, barium swallow/enema - contrast medium introduced to allow monitoring on a fluoroscope.

Common Diagnostic Imaging tests :

xray, ultrasound, mri, ct scan, pet scan, endoscopies, cardiology, holter monitoring, aniogram