Ch 6: Integumentary System
lines of cleavage
"tension lines" in the skin indicate the predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers
In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
albinism
Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ___________ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an ___________ additional weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ___________ month following their formation.
Blank 1: 2 or two Blank 2: 2 or two Blank 3: 1 or one
In the development of embryonic skin, the layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the gives rise to the dermis.
Blank 1: basal Blank 2: mesenchyme
thin skin
Covers most of the body Has four layers of keratinocytes
thick skin
Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes, no hair follicles or sebaceous glands
reticular layer
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients
transpiration
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
cavernous hemangioma
Larger dermal blood vessels May last a lifetime Port-wine stains
hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
anucleate
No nucleus in dead keratinocytes
nail bed
Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.
thermoregulation
Process of maintaining an internal temperature within a tolerable range.
Hyponychium
Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail
first degree burn
Superficial burns through only the epidermis.
Eponychium
The cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail
Absorption
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
cholecalciferol
Vitamin D3
dermal papillae
a fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch), interlock with epidermal ridges
stratum lucidum
a layer of the epidermis found only in thick skin, dead kertnocytes
secretion
a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.
eleidin
a transparent, intermediate product of keratin maturation, protects from ultraviolet light
calcitriol
active form of vitamin D, regulates levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?
acts as an energy reservoir protects the body provides thermal insulation
transdermal administration
application of a drug in patch form, which is then absorbed into the blood through the skin
A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
blood vessels
Keritinocytes
cells that produce keratin (strengthens epidermis)
Melanocytes
cells that produce melanin using melanosomes
stratum layers
corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
lanula
crescent shaped area of nail body near cuticle
Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.
dendritic
periderm
ectoderm covering layer in the fetus
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.
eleidin
lanugo
fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or newborn.
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail
nail plate
hard part of the nail
Normal skin color
hemoglobin, melanin, carotene
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
freckles
increased melanocyte activity
subcutaneous layer
innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue
stratum granulosum
keratinization begins (keratinocytes form keratin), 3-5 layers, keratinocytes become more brittle
apocrine
larger lumen to convey secretion products in to hair follicle
mesenchyme
mesoderm becomes mesenchyme
nevus
mole
epidermal derivatives
nails, hair, exocrine glands
merocrine glands
narrow lumen that open to skin through pore, most common
vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels
During the process of keratinization, the cell's ___________ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.
nuclei
sebum
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands
papillary layer
outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis, areolar connective tissue
hemoglobin
oxygen-binding protein in blood, red
free edge
part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe
cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
hair buds
pockets of cells that hair follicles originate from; invade dermis from the stratum basale; differentiate into hair bulb, papillae, sebaceous glands, etc.
nail matrix
responsible for nail growth
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
reticular; subcutaneous
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
tactile cells
sensory touch receptors
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.
simple, coiled, and tubular
stratum basale
skin cells and keratinocytes form here
epidermal dendritic cells
skin cells that initiate an immune system response to the presence of foreign bacteria or viruses, found in stratum spinosum
dendritic cells
specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections
Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.
spinosum granulosum
stratum spinosum
spiny layer, 2nd layer keratinocytes move to
Keratinization begins in
stratum granulosum
capillary hemangioma
strawberry birthmark; soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark, usually disappear after childhood
striae
stretch marks
nails form
tenth week
friction ridges
the markings on the fingertips that leave oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch
stratum corneum
the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells, protection
regeneration
the replacement of damaged cells with identical cells
Dermatoglyphics
the study of the pattern of epidermal ridges
fibrosis
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury, collagen
carotene
the yellow pigment of the skin
sweat gland duct
transports the secretion to the surface of the epidermis
True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.
true
hemanogioma
tumor consisting of blood vessels
vernix caseosa
waterproof substance covering the skin of the fetus
vasodilation
widening of blood vessels