Ch 6: Integumentary System

lines of cleavage

"tension lines" in the skin indicate the predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers

In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

albinism

Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ___________ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an ___________ additional weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ___________ month following their formation.

Blank 1: 2 or two Blank 2: 2 or two Blank 3: 1 or one

In the development of embryonic skin, the layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the gives rise to the dermis.

Blank 1: basal Blank 2: mesenchyme

thin skin

Covers most of the body Has four layers of keratinocytes

thick skin

Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes, no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

reticular layer

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients

transpiration

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

cavernous hemangioma

Larger dermal blood vessels May last a lifetime Port-wine stains

hypoxia

Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood

anucleate

No nucleus in dead keratinocytes

nail bed

Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.

thermoregulation

Process of maintaining an internal temperature within a tolerable range.

Hyponychium

Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail

first degree burn

Superficial burns through only the epidermis.

Eponychium

The cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail

Absorption

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood

cholecalciferol

Vitamin D3

dermal papillae

a fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch), interlock with epidermal ridges

stratum lucidum

a layer of the epidermis found only in thick skin, dead kertnocytes

secretion

a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.

eleidin

a transparent, intermediate product of keratin maturation, protects from ultraviolet light

calcitriol

active form of vitamin D, regulates levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

acts as an energy reservoir protects the body provides thermal insulation

transdermal administration

application of a drug in patch form, which is then absorbed into the blood through the skin

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

Keritinocytes

cells that produce keratin (strengthens epidermis)

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin using melanosomes

stratum layers

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

lanula

crescent shaped area of nail body near cuticle

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

periderm

ectoderm covering layer in the fetus

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

lanugo

fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or newborn.

onychomycosis

fungal infection of the nail

nail plate

hard part of the nail

Normal skin color

hemoglobin, melanin, carotene

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

freckles

increased melanocyte activity

subcutaneous layer

innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue

stratum granulosum

keratinization begins (keratinocytes form keratin), 3-5 layers, keratinocytes become more brittle

apocrine

larger lumen to convey secretion products in to hair follicle

mesenchyme

mesoderm becomes mesenchyme

nevus

mole

epidermal derivatives

nails, hair, exocrine glands

merocrine glands

narrow lumen that open to skin through pore, most common

vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

During the process of keratinization, the cell's ___________ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nuclei

sebum

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

papillary layer

outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis, areolar connective tissue

hemoglobin

oxygen-binding protein in blood, red

free edge

part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe

cutaneous

pertaining to the skin

hair buds

pockets of cells that hair follicles originate from; invade dermis from the stratum basale; differentiate into hair bulb, papillae, sebaceous glands, etc.

nail matrix

responsible for nail growth

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

reticular; subcutaneous

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

tactile cells

sensory touch receptors

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, and tubular

stratum basale

skin cells and keratinocytes form here

epidermal dendritic cells

skin cells that initiate an immune system response to the presence of foreign bacteria or viruses, found in stratum spinosum

dendritic cells

specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.

spinosum granulosum

stratum spinosum

spiny layer, 2nd layer keratinocytes move to

Keratinization begins in

stratum granulosum

capillary hemangioma

strawberry birthmark; soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark, usually disappear after childhood

striae

stretch marks

nails form

tenth week

friction ridges

the markings on the fingertips that leave oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch

stratum corneum

the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells, protection

regeneration

the replacement of damaged cells with identical cells

Dermatoglyphics

the study of the pattern of epidermal ridges

fibrosis

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury, collagen

carotene

the yellow pigment of the skin

sweat gland duct

transports the secretion to the surface of the epidermis

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

true

hemanogioma

tumor consisting of blood vessels

vernix caseosa

waterproof substance covering the skin of the fetus

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels