CH. 6 LQ

A man who weighs 176 lb and has the average intake of protein for men in the United States will consume about _____ grams more protein than his protein RDA.

36 **This is the amount by which he will exceed his protein RDA.**

What is the RDA for protein for Renee, a healthy nonathlete who weighs 132 lb?

48 grams **The RDA for protein for a healthy nonathlete who weighs 132 lb is 48 grams.**

Which of these values is closest to the protein RDA for an adult athlete who weighs 132 lb?

48 grams **This is the RDA for a 132-lb adult.**

At a healthy weight of 176 lb, Brian meets his RDA for protein by eating _____ grams of protein.

64 **Protein requirements are 0.8 g/kg of body weight.**

In times of energy and protein abundance, the body converts the extra amino acids into:

fatty acids. **The extra amino acids are converted to fatty acids.**

The overall shape of a protein molecule determines its:

function

All of the following would be likely to increase urea production EXCEPT: initiation of a weight-lifting program. low intake of carbohydrates. an increase in protein breakdown with no change in synthesis. someone who is experiencing a decrease in total body protein mass.

initiation of a weight-lifting program.

When Bryon was weaned from breast milk, he was fed mostly cereal cooked in water. He is at risk for:

kwashiorkor

Which organ converts ammonia to urea to prevent the amino group accumulating as ammonia?

liver

An increase in ammonia along with low levels of urea in blood would MOST likely indicate:

liver disease. **An increase in ammonia and low levels of urea in the blood would most likely indicate liver disease.**

All of the following supply about 8 grams of protein EXCEPT: one cup of pasta. one-half to two-thirds cup of beans. one-quarter to one-third cup of nuts. one-half cup of milk.

one-half cup of milk. **On-half cup of milks supplies 4 grams of protein.**

Protein quality is based on the:

proportion of essential amino acids.

For an amino acid to be used for energy, it must be:

stripped of the amino group.

_____ are proteins used by our immune system that are critical for our body's defense against viruses and bacteria.

Antibodies **Antibodies are proteins used by our immune systems that are critical for our body's defense against viruses and bacteria.**

What happens when a person's protein intake is inadequate?

Compounds that are critical for survival will not be synthesized. **When protein intake is not adequate, compounds that are critical for survival will not be synthesized.**

_____ provide(s) the information for the assembly of amino acids into a particular protein.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

What distinguishes one protein from another?

Each protein has a unique sequence and type of amino acids

The vast majority of chemical reactions that occur in our body are catalyzed by:

Enzymes **Enzymes are substances that act as catalysts to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.**

Which statement about protein sources is true? Complete proteins occur only in animal sources. Only eggs support protein synthesis in the body. Strict vegetarians are protein deficient. Essential amino acids can be supplied by consuming two or more complementary protein plant foods.

Essential amino acids can be supplied by consuming two or more complementary protein plant foods. **Complementary proteins combine two foods with different limiting amino acids to provide all the essential amino acids in necessary amounts.**

Joe eats more protein than he needs. What happens to the extra protein?

Excess amino acids are used as an energy source or stored as fat. **When a person consumes more protein than he or she needs, the excess amino acids are used as energy or stored as fat.**

What happens when the albumin in the blood gets too low?

Fluid retention occurs in the extremities.

Which statement about the protein intake in the United States is true? Men consume about 70 grams of protein daily. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein is 10% to 15% of total calories. The average protein intake is 10% of total calories. Protein intakes are above the RDA for most people in the United States.

Protein intakes are above the RDA for most people in the United States.

What would happen if the diet lacks an essential amino acid?

Protein synthesis is limited.

If the breakdown of body proteins is reused to produce new proteins, why do we need to eat protein?

Some amino acids are metabolized.

Which statement about plant proteins is true? They are a source of saturated fats. They contain phytochemicals. They provide cholesterol. They are low in fiber.

They contain phytochemicals. **Complementary plant proteins contain phytochemicals.**

Which individual is in negative nitrogen balance? an active preteen a person on a weight loss diet an infant a body builder

a person on a weight loss diet **A person who is on a weight loss diet is in negative nitrogen balance.**

How does the denaturation of protein by stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) promote protein digestion?

allows enzyme access to the peptide bonds **The denaturation of protein by hydrochloric acid allows enzymes to access peptide bonds.**`

Which of the following conditions will result in negative nitrogen balance? being confined to bed rest while healing from an injury beginning a weight-lifting program pregnancy growth in a child

being confined to bed rest while healing from an injury

Short peptide fragments (about 4 to 8 amino acids in length) are typically:

digested by enzymes produced by small intestinal mucosal cells.

The majority of amino acids supplied in the diet are absorbed as:

dipeptides and tripeptides.

Proteins in the body are constantly being broken down and reassembled in a process called:

protein turnover. **Protein turnover is the continuous breakdown and re-synthesis of proteins in the body.**

A protein that increases the transcription of a gene in response to a specific environmental stimulus BEST exemplifies which type of protein function?

regulation **A protein increasing the transcription of a gene in response to a specific stimulus is an example of a regulatory function.**

All of the following are true of protein metabolism EXCEPT: proteins in tissues throughout the body are constantly being broken down. the majority of amino acids used for protein synthesis are supplied by the diet. often the first step in the metabolism of amino acids is to remove the nitrogen. protein turnover describes the process of breaking down and resynthesizing body proteins.

the majority of amino acids used for protein synthesis are supplied by the diet. **The majority of amino acids used for protein synthesis are drawn from a pool of amino acids obtained from the breakdown of the body's own proteins.**

The majority of nitrogen is excreted as:

urea.

For which group of individuals is it important to consume complementary proteins each day? individuals who are on a low-calorie diet individuals who eat no meat but consume eggs and dairy products athletes who lift weights vegans

vegans

Saul wants to add 8 grams of protein to his meal. He should select:

½ to ⅔ cup legumes. **A serving of ½ to ⅔ cups of legumes contains 8 grams of protein.**