Thermodynamics, Chapter 1
- 100.1 kPa -P atm = density * g * h
A mercury barometer located in a lab has a height of 750 mm. What is the atmospheric pressure in kPa, if the density of mercury is taken to be 13,600 kg/m^3?
Thermodynamic cycle
A system is said to have undergone a _____________________ if it returns to its initial state at the end of the process.
An open system
A system that allows mass to flow in or out is called ___________.
- 100 psi = P abs - 14.7 psi, P abs = 114.7 psi - P gage = P abs - P atm
1 atm can be approximated to be 14.7 psi. If a tire's gage pressure is 100 psi, what is the corresponding absolute pressure?
Differential pressure
A manometer is used to measure _________.
Fixed
At a given state, all properties have _________ values.
A property
Any characteristic of a system is called _______________.
37 degrees C F = 1.8C + 32 C = 5/9 (F-32)
Convert 98 degrees F to degrees C
Unit Mass
Extensive properties per ____________ are called specific properties.
- 5.275 kJ - 1 BTU = 1.055056 kJ
How many kJ is 5 BTU of energy using the unit conversion ratio to make the calculation?
10^-9
How many seconds are equal to one nano seconds?
Is approximately spatially uniform throughout the system at each moment in time.
If the gas in a piston-cylinder device undergoes a quasi-equilibrium compression, the pressure in a system __________.
Unbalanced
In an equilibrium state, there are no __________ potentials.
Homogeneous
In engineering, all equations must be dimensionally ____________, which implies that every term must have the same units.
Remains the same
In steady-flow process, the mass within the control volume ________.
Zeroeth
System A is a thermometer. System A, B, and C are not in contact with one another but all have the same temperature. It can be stated that systems B and C are in thermal equilibrium because of the ________ law of thermodynamics.
-Pressure -Temperature
The density of a substance is most likely dependent on ______________.
30 kPa
The density of water is assumed to be constant of 1000 km/m^3. If the gage pressure of a water column 10 m high is 10 kPa, the the gage pressure of a water column 30 m high should be ____________.
Created or destroyed
The idea that energy cannot be ___________ or ___________, but can change forms is an expression of the first law of thermodynamics.
Surroundings
The mass or region outside the system is called the ____________.
Quality, quantity
The second law of thermodynamics asserts that energy has _________ as well as _________.
Path
The series of states which a system passes during a process is called the _________.
False
True or false: A rigid tank contains ionized gases kept under the influence of a magnetic field is a simple compressible system.
Two, intensive
The state postulate states that the state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by _________ independent _________ properties.
Location
The term uniform flow implies flow with no charge with a specific _________.
True
True or false: Gage pressure can be positive or negative.
Temperature
Two bodies that have reached thermal equilibrium will have the same __________.
- Design of a car engine - Design of a refrigerator - Design of a solar hot water system
What are some applications of thermodynamics?
- Mass - Volume - Momentum
What are the different extensive properties?
- Density - Pressure - Temperature - Specific Volume
What are the different intensive properties?
- Force - Length - Temperature - Time
What are the primary dimensions of the English system?
- Pa - psi - mmHg
What are the units of pressure?
- Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. - Pressure in fluid systems is synonymous with normal stress for a solid.
What is true of pressure?