Thermodynamics, Chapter 1

- 100.1 kPa -P atm = density * g * h

A mercury barometer located in a lab has a height of 750 mm. What is the atmospheric pressure in kPa, if the density of mercury is taken to be 13,600 kg/m^3?

Thermodynamic cycle

A system is said to have undergone a _____________________ if it returns to its initial state at the end of the process.

An open system

A system that allows mass to flow in or out is called ___________.

- 100 psi = P abs - 14.7 psi, P abs = 114.7 psi - P gage = P abs - P atm

1 atm can be approximated to be 14.7 psi. If a tire's gage pressure is 100 psi, what is the corresponding absolute pressure?

Differential pressure

A manometer is used to measure _________.

Fixed

At a given state, all properties have _________ values.

A property

Any characteristic of a system is called _______________.

37 degrees C F = 1.8C + 32 C = 5/9 (F-32)

Convert 98 degrees F to degrees C

Unit Mass

Extensive properties per ____________ are called specific properties.

- 5.275 kJ - 1 BTU = 1.055056 kJ

How many kJ is 5 BTU of energy using the unit conversion ratio to make the calculation?

10^-9

How many seconds are equal to one nano seconds?

Is approximately spatially uniform throughout the system at each moment in time.

If the gas in a piston-cylinder device undergoes a quasi-equilibrium compression, the pressure in a system __________.

Unbalanced

In an equilibrium state, there are no __________ potentials.

Homogeneous

In engineering, all equations must be dimensionally ____________, which implies that every term must have the same units.

Remains the same

In steady-flow process, the mass within the control volume ________.

Zeroeth

System A is a thermometer. System A, B, and C are not in contact with one another but all have the same temperature. It can be stated that systems B and C are in thermal equilibrium because of the ________ law of thermodynamics.

-Pressure -Temperature

The density of a substance is most likely dependent on ______________.

30 kPa

The density of water is assumed to be constant of 1000 km/m^3. If the gage pressure of a water column 10 m high is 10 kPa, the the gage pressure of a water column 30 m high should be ____________.

Created or destroyed

The idea that energy cannot be ___________ or ___________, but can change forms is an expression of the first law of thermodynamics.

Surroundings

The mass or region outside the system is called the ____________.

Quality, quantity

The second law of thermodynamics asserts that energy has _________ as well as _________.

Path

The series of states which a system passes during a process is called the _________.

False

True or false: A rigid tank contains ionized gases kept under the influence of a magnetic field is a simple compressible system.

Two, intensive

The state postulate states that the state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by _________ independent _________ properties.

Location

The term uniform flow implies flow with no charge with a specific _________.

True

True or false: Gage pressure can be positive or negative.

Temperature

Two bodies that have reached thermal equilibrium will have the same __________.

- Design of a car engine - Design of a refrigerator - Design of a solar hot water system

What are some applications of thermodynamics?

- Mass - Volume - Momentum

What are the different extensive properties?

- Density - Pressure - Temperature - Specific Volume

What are the different intensive properties?

- Force - Length - Temperature - Time

What are the primary dimensions of the English system?

- Pa - psi - mmHg

What are the units of pressure?

- Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. - Pressure in fluid systems is synonymous with normal stress for a solid.

What is true of pressure?