Ch. 6 Week 6
Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What long bone feature will the orthodontist use to assess this?
Epiphyseal plate
Which is not a cranial bone? Frontal, occipital, vomer, temporal, parietal
Vomer
Osteocytes
are mature bone cells
Cartilage Tissue
avascular (no blood supply) cell type-chondrocytes functions- support soft tissues, model for formation of bone, gliding surface at articulations (NOT soft bone)
The superior portion of the sternum is called the
manubrium.
Hyaline Cartilage
most common kind of cartilage, has tiny collagen fibers called fibrils found in ends of pond bones, costal cartilages, and fetal skeleton
Which is not a function of the vertebral column? Supporting the weight of the head Maintaining upright body position Passageway for cranial nerves Passageway for spinal nerves
passageway for cranial nerves
Process
projection from bone, protrudes from surrounding bone ex-styloid or mastoid process
Elastic Cartilage
same as hyaline but lots of elastic fibers. VERY flexible found in pinna (outer ear) and epiglottis
The bones of the wrist are
short bones
Compact bone
smooth, dense, external portion of bone strong, rigid
Endochondral bone ossification 3 steps
1. skeleton begins as hyaline cartilage model 2. bone replaces cartilage 3. epiphyseal plates ossify eventually
Functions of the skeletal system
1.support 2.protection 3.movement 4Hemopoiesis-blood cell production 5energy & mineral reserves (calcium)
# of named bones
206
The vertebral column includes ___ cervical, ___ thoracic, and ___ lumbar vertebrae
7;12;5
the skull consist of_____canial bones and ____facial bones
8; 14
What is the correct order for the vertebral regions, from superior to inferior? Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar Thoracic - sacral - lumbar - cervical - coccygeal Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal Thoracic - coccygeal - cervical - lumbar - sacral Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral
Cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral-coccygeal
Which bone is not part of the facial complex? Mandible Zygomatic Maxilla Nasal Temporal
Temporal
Fossa (fossae)
a depression in a bone ex-mandibular fossa
Canal
a groove or tube-like structure (e.g. optic canal)
Foramen (foramina)
a hole in a bone (typically for nerves and blood vessels) ex-foramen magnum
Meatus
a hole or tube-like structure (e.g. auditory meatus)
intramembranous ossification
bone grows within a membrane; forms many flat bones (bone of skull)
Osteoclasts
break down (consume) bone
Osteoblasts
build new bone
Flat, irregular, short bones
compact bone w periosteum on outside, spongy bone w endosteum inside, contain marrow but don't have a marrow cavity
Bone tissue
denser than cartilage -very little fluid -well vascularized, so it heals/remodels easily -organic and inorganic materials
Cartilage types
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
appendicular skeleton
includes pectoral gridle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
axial skeleton includes? # of bones? Function
includes: skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, hyoid bone 80 named bones f-supports head neck trunk protects brain spinal cord thoracic organs
Spongy bone
inside bone, better at shock absorption
Osteon
is a structural unit of compact bone -made up of concentric tubes called lamellae -haversian canal runs through core of each osteon and provides blood suply and nutrients
Fibrocartilage
little ground substance and the matrix has tick, dense collagen fibers -resists strong compressions -found-in interverbral disks, knee join, and pubic symphysis
