Ch. 6 Week 6

Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What long bone feature will the orthodontist use to assess this?

Epiphyseal plate

Which is not a cranial bone? Frontal, occipital, vomer, temporal, parietal

Vomer

Osteocytes

are mature bone cells

Cartilage Tissue

avascular (no blood supply) cell type-chondrocytes functions- support soft tissues, model for formation of bone, gliding surface at articulations (NOT soft bone)

The superior portion of the sternum is called the

manubrium.

Hyaline Cartilage

most common kind of cartilage, has tiny collagen fibers called fibrils found in ends of pond bones, costal cartilages, and fetal skeleton

Which is not a function of the vertebral column? Supporting the weight of the head Maintaining upright body position Passageway for cranial nerves Passageway for spinal nerves

passageway for cranial nerves

Process

projection from bone, protrudes from surrounding bone ex-styloid or mastoid process

Elastic Cartilage

same as hyaline but lots of elastic fibers. VERY flexible found in pinna (outer ear) and epiglottis

The bones of the wrist are

short bones

Compact bone

smooth, dense, external portion of bone strong, rigid

Endochondral bone ossification 3 steps

1. skeleton begins as hyaline cartilage model 2. bone replaces cartilage 3. epiphyseal plates ossify eventually

Functions of the skeletal system

1.support 2.protection 3.movement 4Hemopoiesis-blood cell production 5energy & mineral reserves (calcium)

# of named bones

206

The vertebral column includes ___ cervical, ___ thoracic, and ___ lumbar vertebrae

7;12;5

the skull consist of_____canial bones and ____facial bones

8; 14

What is the correct order for the vertebral regions, from superior to inferior? Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar Thoracic - sacral - lumbar - cervical - coccygeal Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal Thoracic - coccygeal - cervical - lumbar - sacral Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral

Cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral-coccygeal

Which bone is not part of the facial complex? Mandible Zygomatic Maxilla Nasal Temporal

Temporal

Fossa (fossae)

a depression in a bone ex-mandibular fossa

Canal

a groove or tube-like structure (e.g. optic canal)

Foramen (foramina)

a hole in a bone (typically for nerves and blood vessels) ex-foramen magnum

Meatus

a hole or tube-like structure (e.g. auditory meatus)

intramembranous ossification

bone grows within a membrane; forms many flat bones (bone of skull)

Osteoclasts

break down (consume) bone

Osteoblasts

build new bone

Flat, irregular, short bones

compact bone w periosteum on outside, spongy bone w endosteum inside, contain marrow but don't have a marrow cavity

Bone tissue

denser than cartilage -very little fluid -well vascularized, so it heals/remodels easily -organic and inorganic materials

Cartilage types

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

appendicular skeleton

includes pectoral gridle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

axial skeleton includes? # of bones? Function

includes: skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, hyoid bone 80 named bones f-supports head neck trunk protects brain spinal cord thoracic organs

Spongy bone

inside bone, better at shock absorption

Osteon

is a structural unit of compact bone -made up of concentric tubes called lamellae -haversian canal runs through core of each osteon and provides blood suply and nutrients

Fibrocartilage

little ground substance and the matrix has tick, dense collagen fibers -resists strong compressions -found-in interverbral disks, knee join, and pubic symphysis