Quiz 1.2(Bone Fractures)

Order of ankle sprain

1. ATFL 2. Calcaneal fibular 3. PTFL

What are the four classification of a fracture line

1. Transverse 2. Linear fracture 3.Oblique fracture 4. Spiral fracture

What are the stages of bone healing

1. hematoma 2. inflammation 3. reparative phase 4. Bone remodeling

What are the phases of normal tissue healing

1.Homeostasis & Degeneration 2.Inflammation 3.proliferation & migration 4. Remodeling & maturation

______% of ankle sprains involve inversion

80-85%

How many sets of fractures are there

9

what are therapy consideration for injury to a bone

AROM (excercises for rest of body)

____-this inflammation is normal and will heal on its own

Acute inflammation

ATFL- _______

Anterior Talo-fibular ligament

This fracture a fragment of bone at the insertion of a muscle tendon or ligament becomes detached

Avulsion fracture

This stage of bone healing , bone structues itself over a period of 1 year medullary canal is restored

Bone remodeling

This fracture bone is broken but skin in intact _____.

Closed fracture

This fracture multiple line and bone fragments

Comminuted fracture

______-Dense and composed of concentric rings

Compact

What two types of bone is there

Compact vs spongy bone

This fracture the bone fragments are separated completely, two or more pieces_______

Complete fracture

This fracture common in vertebrae, common in osteoporosis, occurs when bone is crushed

Compression fracture

____-This abnormal fracture healing factors that could cause a delayed union are poor health, circulation and infection

Delayed Union

______-This Grade strain is minor discomfort and swelling, few torn muscle fibers, minimal loss of strenght

Grade I

This grade sprain has minimal pain and no significant instability

Grade I sprain (1st degree)

_____-This Grade strain is moderate to severe pain, pain with muscle contraction that limits activity and measurable loss of strength

Grade II

This grade sprain has sever pain, minimal-mod pain and joint instability partial tear of ligaments

Grade II (2nd degree)

_____-This Grade strain is severe pain, complete rupture of muscle belly or muscle tendon, (muscle pull/tear), severe loss of function

Grade III

This grade sprain is very severe, very unstable and ligament has been completely torn

Grade III (3rd degree)

This stage of bone healing is fracture blood clot and platelets

Hemmatoma phase

______-this phase of healing happens immediately after injury via platelets to stop bleeding and causes inflammation

Hemostasis & Degeneration

This fracture one end of the bone is forced into the adjacent bone, common in car accidents and falls

Impacted fracture (The neck of femur is crushed against the pelvis)

This fracture the bone is partially broken (green stick fracture)______

Incomplete fracture

This stage of bone healing last 23-48 hours for 2 weeks is vasoactive (redness, swelling pain), phagocytes, chondroblasts

Inflammation phase

_____-This phase of healing replaced injure tissue, begins blood clot with fibroblast, abnormal conditon is _____

Inflammation, diabetes

______- This is an inadequete blood supply to an organ or part of the body

Ischemia

This fracture line is parallel to the bones long axis

Linear

____-This abnormal fracture heals in an unacceptable position and could cause significant impairment

Mal-Union

_____-This abnormal fracture does not heal.

Non-union

This fracture line is at an angle to the diaphysis of the bone,overrides muscle contraction

Oblique

_____-surgical repair of fracture, use of pins plates to position bones in anatomical alignment inside the body

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)

This fracture results when skin is broke, high risk of infection______.

Open fracture

____-surgical repair of fracture, use of pins plates outside the body

Open reduction external fixation (OREF)

This fracture results from weakness in the bone structure due to tumor, hormonal, osteoporosis

Pathalogical fracture

PTFL-______

Posterior Talo-fibular ligament

______-this stage of healing starts 2 days after injury ( overlaps with inflammation abnormal condition is ____

Proliferation and Migration, hypergranulation (proud flesh)

This stage of bone healing soft callus formation, fracture is now stable at the end of this phase

Reparative phase

A ______ of a bone fracture is visual, x-ray, crepitus (noise)

Signs

This fracture a single break in the bone in which the bone ends maintain their alignment and position_____

Simple fracture

_____-composed of small needlelike or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae

Spongy

_____-The ligament is mechanically stressed

Sprain (Etiology)

_________-An Injury to a muscle typically occurring at the myotendinous junction

Strains

This fracture results from repeated excessive stress

Stress fracture

A ______ symptom of a bone fracture is persistent pain, point tenderness and inability to bear wgt

Symptoms

How many grades are there in strains

Three different grades

________-form an open network which is filled with bone marrow

Trabeculae

This fracture line is at a right angle to the bones long axis

Tranverse

_____-This law states that bone forms and remodesl in the direction of forces (mechanical stresses) acting on it

Wolff's law

_____-this inflammation is pathologic, delays healing and requires skilled care

chronic inflammation

_____-scar tissue reduced and re order of collagen and strength regained, abnormal condition is____

remodeling and maturation, keloid formation

This fracture line a brake that angles the bone usually due to twisting injury, requires fixation

spiral

How many grade sprains are there in a sprain

three