Quiz 1.2(Bone Fractures)
Order of ankle sprain
1. ATFL 2. Calcaneal fibular 3. PTFL
What are the four classification of a fracture line
1. Transverse 2. Linear fracture 3.Oblique fracture 4. Spiral fracture
What are the stages of bone healing
1. hematoma 2. inflammation 3. reparative phase 4. Bone remodeling
What are the phases of normal tissue healing
1.Homeostasis & Degeneration 2.Inflammation 3.proliferation & migration 4. Remodeling & maturation
______% of ankle sprains involve inversion
80-85%
How many sets of fractures are there
9
what are therapy consideration for injury to a bone
AROM (excercises for rest of body)
____-this inflammation is normal and will heal on its own
Acute inflammation
ATFL- _______
Anterior Talo-fibular ligament
This fracture a fragment of bone at the insertion of a muscle tendon or ligament becomes detached
Avulsion fracture
This stage of bone healing , bone structues itself over a period of 1 year medullary canal is restored
Bone remodeling
This fracture bone is broken but skin in intact _____.
Closed fracture
This fracture multiple line and bone fragments
Comminuted fracture
______-Dense and composed of concentric rings
Compact
What two types of bone is there
Compact vs spongy bone
This fracture the bone fragments are separated completely, two or more pieces_______
Complete fracture
This fracture common in vertebrae, common in osteoporosis, occurs when bone is crushed
Compression fracture
____-This abnormal fracture healing factors that could cause a delayed union are poor health, circulation and infection
Delayed Union
______-This Grade strain is minor discomfort and swelling, few torn muscle fibers, minimal loss of strenght
Grade I
This grade sprain has minimal pain and no significant instability
Grade I sprain (1st degree)
_____-This Grade strain is moderate to severe pain, pain with muscle contraction that limits activity and measurable loss of strength
Grade II
This grade sprain has sever pain, minimal-mod pain and joint instability partial tear of ligaments
Grade II (2nd degree)
_____-This Grade strain is severe pain, complete rupture of muscle belly or muscle tendon, (muscle pull/tear), severe loss of function
Grade III
This grade sprain is very severe, very unstable and ligament has been completely torn
Grade III (3rd degree)
This stage of bone healing is fracture blood clot and platelets
Hemmatoma phase
______-this phase of healing happens immediately after injury via platelets to stop bleeding and causes inflammation
Hemostasis & Degeneration
This fracture one end of the bone is forced into the adjacent bone, common in car accidents and falls
Impacted fracture (The neck of femur is crushed against the pelvis)
This fracture the bone is partially broken (green stick fracture)______
Incomplete fracture
This stage of bone healing last 23-48 hours for 2 weeks is vasoactive (redness, swelling pain), phagocytes, chondroblasts
Inflammation phase
_____-This phase of healing replaced injure tissue, begins blood clot with fibroblast, abnormal conditon is _____
Inflammation, diabetes
______- This is an inadequete blood supply to an organ or part of the body
Ischemia
This fracture line is parallel to the bones long axis
Linear
____-This abnormal fracture heals in an unacceptable position and could cause significant impairment
Mal-Union
_____-This abnormal fracture does not heal.
Non-union
This fracture line is at an angle to the diaphysis of the bone,overrides muscle contraction
Oblique
_____-surgical repair of fracture, use of pins plates to position bones in anatomical alignment inside the body
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)
This fracture results when skin is broke, high risk of infection______.
Open fracture
____-surgical repair of fracture, use of pins plates outside the body
Open reduction external fixation (OREF)
This fracture results from weakness in the bone structure due to tumor, hormonal, osteoporosis
Pathalogical fracture
PTFL-______
Posterior Talo-fibular ligament
______-this stage of healing starts 2 days after injury ( overlaps with inflammation abnormal condition is ____
Proliferation and Migration, hypergranulation (proud flesh)
This stage of bone healing soft callus formation, fracture is now stable at the end of this phase
Reparative phase
A ______ of a bone fracture is visual, x-ray, crepitus (noise)
Signs
This fracture a single break in the bone in which the bone ends maintain their alignment and position_____
Simple fracture
_____-composed of small needlelike or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae
Spongy
_____-The ligament is mechanically stressed
Sprain (Etiology)
_________-An Injury to a muscle typically occurring at the myotendinous junction
Strains
This fracture results from repeated excessive stress
Stress fracture
A ______ symptom of a bone fracture is persistent pain, point tenderness and inability to bear wgt
Symptoms
How many grades are there in strains
Three different grades
________-form an open network which is filled with bone marrow
Trabeculae
This fracture line is at a right angle to the bones long axis
Tranverse
_____-This law states that bone forms and remodesl in the direction of forces (mechanical stresses) acting on it
Wolff's law
_____-this inflammation is pathologic, delays healing and requires skilled care
chronic inflammation
_____-scar tissue reduced and re order of collagen and strength regained, abnormal condition is____
remodeling and maturation, keloid formation
This fracture line a brake that angles the bone usually due to twisting injury, requires fixation
spiral
How many grade sprains are there in a sprain
three