Ch. 60- Fetal Neural Axis

Which one of the following anomalies may be characterized by the presence of colpocephaly? A. Agenesis of the corpus callosum B. Arnold-Chiari malformation C. Dandy-Walker malformation D. Holoprosencephaly

A. Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Which one of the following is the most severe form of holoprosencephaly, which is characterized by a single common ventricle and malformed brain? Orbital anomalies range from fused orbits to hypotelorism, with frequent nasal anomalies and clefting of the lip and palate. A. Alobar B. Cephalocele C. Anencephaly D. Acrania

A. Alobar

Which of the following abnormalities is the most common open neural tube defect? A. Anecehaphaly B. Acrania C. Encephalocele D. Cephalocele

A. Anecephaly

The differential considerations of anencephaly include all of the following except: A. Arachnoid cyst B. Microcephaly C. Acrania D. Cephalocele

A. Arachnoid cyst

Which of the following signs are characteristic of the Arnold-Chiari malformation? A. Banana- and lemon- shaped B. Strawberry- and banana- shaped C. Lemon- and strawberry- shaped D. Cloverleaf- and banana- shaped

A. Banana- and lemon- shaped

Conditions commonly associated with fetal hydrocephalus include all of the following except: A. Choroid plexus cyst B. Dandy-Walker malformation C. Meningomyelocele D. Agenesis of the corpus callosum

A. Choroid plexus cyst

Which one of the following abnormalities is described as the congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres resulting from an occlusion of the carotid arteries. The midbrain structures are present, and fluid replaces the cerebral tissue. A. Hydranencephaly B. Hydrocephalus C. Agenesis of the corpus callosum D. Holoprosencephaly

A. Hydranencephaly

Ventriculomegaly coupled with an enlargement of the fetal head is called which of the following? A. Hydrocephalus B. Hydranencephaly C. Hydro nephrons is D. Dandy-walker malformation

A. Hydrocephalus

Which one of the following statements about microcephalic is incorrect? A. Microcephaly is an abnormally large head B. The prognosis for fetuses with microcephaly is always poor C. Microcephaly does not affect the head circumference D. Microcephaly may manifest later in pregnancy

A. Microcephaly is an abnormally large head

A condition in which a complete or partial absence of the cranial bones is demonstrated is which one of the following? A. Cebocephaly B. Acrania C. Holoprosencephaly D. Hydranencephaly

B. Acrania

The differential considerations of dandy-walker malformation should include which one of the following? A. Ventriculomegaly B. Arachnoid cyst C. Cystic hygroma D. Nuchal edema

B. Arachnoid cyst

A form of holoprosencephaly characterized by a common ventricle, hypotelorism, and a nose with a single nostril is which one of the following? A. Lissencephaly B. Cebocephaly C. Ethmocephaly D. Porencephaly

B. Cebocephaly

Which one of the following terms is used to describe the hernia Tien of the meninges and brain through a calvarium defect? A. Dandy-walker malformation B. Encephalocele C. Cranial meningocele D. Cebocephaly

B. Encephalocele

Anomalies associated with anencephaly include all of the following except: A. Cleft lip B. Holoprosencephaly C. Polyhydramnios D. Spina bifida

B. Holoprosencephaly

Ventriculomegaly is defined as lateral ventricular enlargement measuring greater than ________ (mm). A. 5 B. 7 C. 10 D. 13

C. 10

Which of the following statements about anencephaly is incorrect? A. The incidence of anencephaly varies with geographic location B. Anencephaly is a lethal disorder C. Anencephaly has a male prevalence D. Anencephaly is caused by the failure of closure of the neural tube at the cranial end

C. Anencephaly has a male prevalence

Which one of the following anomalies is characterized by the presence of a posterior fossa cyst and a splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres? A. Agenesis of the corpus callosum B. Arachnoid cyst C. Dandy-walker malformation D. Encephalocele

C. Dandy-walker malformation

Which one of the following defects is associated with Meckel-Gruber syndrome? A. Anencephaly B. Arachnoid cyst C. Encephalocele D. Hydranencephaly

C. Encephalocele

Which one of the following fetal head anomalies is characterized by the presence of a single primitive ventricle? A. Arachnoid cyst B. Dandy-walker malformation C. Holoprosencephaly D. Schizencephaly

C. Holoprosencephaly

Facial anomalies in holoprosencephaly may represent all of the following except: A. Hypotelorism B. Cyclopia C. Hypertelorism D. Flattened nose with a single nostril

C. Hypertelorism

An open spinal defect characterized by a protrusion of a meninges and spinal cord through the defect, usually within a meninges sac, is called which of the following? A. Meningocele B. Spina bifida occulta C. Meningomyelocele D. Arnold-chairi syndrome

C. Meningomyelocele

The absence of the cavum septi pellucidi is a distinguishing characteristic of which one of the following fetal anomalies? A. Craniostenosis B. Schizencephaly C. Dandy-walker malformation D. Agenesis of the corpus callosum

D. Agenesis of the corus callosum

A vein of Galen malformation is which one of the following abnormalities? A. An aneurysm of the Galen vein B. A rare arteriovenous malformation C. A sporadic event D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which one of the following neural tube defects is characterized by a lack of development of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and cranial vault and is an abnormality that is incompatible with life? A. Acrania B. Cephalocele C. Dandy-Walker malformation D. Anencephaly

D. Anencephaly

Which one of the following central nervous anomalies demonstrates splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres on ultrasound? A. Hydranencephaly B. Cephalocele C. Vein of Galen malformation D. Dandy-Walker malformation

D. Dandy-Walker malformation