Ch 7 Bio review #2

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis is false? A) Photosynthesis produces O2; respiration produces CO2. B) Photosynthesis is ultimately powered by light energy and respiration by the chemical energy of fuel molecules. C) Photosynthesis consumes CO2; respiration consumes O2. D) ATP is not produced during photosynthesis, but only during cellular respiration.

ATP is not produced during photosynthesis, but only during cellular respiration.

Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis? A) glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2 B) ATP, NADPH, O2 C) ADP, NADP+, O2 D) glucose, ADP, NADP+

ATP, NADPH, O2

Why are most plants green? A) Chlorophyll a reflects green light. B) Chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis. C) Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage. D) Chlorophyll a absorbs green light.

Chlorophyll a reflects green light.

How do the reaction centers of photosystem I and II differ? A) Each preferentially absorbs slightly different wavelengths of light. B) Chlorophyll a is found in photosystem I and chlorophyll b in photosystem II. C) Photosystem I functions first in the sequence of steps that make up the light reactions. D) Photosystem II does not transfer electrons from photons.

Each preferentially absorbs slightly different wavelengths of light.

The Calvin cycle constructs ________, an energy-rich molecule that a plant cell can then use to make glucose or other organic molecules. A) G3P B) NADH C) ATP D) carbon dioxide

G3P

If you expose a photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive H and radioactive O, in which of the products of photosynthesis will the radioactive H and O show up? A) H in glucose; O in water B) H in water; O in glucose C) H in glucose and water; O in O2 D) H and O both in glucose

H in glucose and water; O in O2

In photophosphorylation, energy from electron flow is used to transport ________ from the ________ to the thylakoid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of ________. A) H+ . . . stroma . . . ATP B) H+ . . . stroma . . . H+ C) H+ . . . grana . . . electrons D) electrons . . . grana . . . H+

H+ . . . stroma . . . H+

The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II are replaced by electrons from A) H2O. B) photosystem I. C) CO2. D) ATP.

H2O

Which of the following molecules is both a reactant and a product of photosynthesis? A) H2O B) O2 C) glucose D) chlorophyll

H2O

Which of the following statements concerning the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true? A) In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is oxidized to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is reduced to form carbon dioxide. B) In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is oxidized to form carbon dioxide. C) Photosynthesis involves only oxidations, while respiration involves only reductions. D) Photosynthesis involves only reductions, while respiration involves only oxidations.

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is oxidized to form carbon dioxide.

________ cells in leaves are specialized for photosynthesis. A) Mesophyll B) Companion C) Tracheid D) Sclerenchyma

Mesophyll

It has been argued that cutting old-growth forests and replacing them with plantations of young trees would help to alleviate the threat of global greenhouse warming. What important fact does this argument ignore? A) Most of the young trees would die within a few years. B) Forests play too minor a role in global CO2 dynamics, which are affected far more by marine algae. C) Most of the biomass of the cut trees would be added to the atmosphere as CO2 within a few years. D) Young trees fix carbon at a lower rate per unit mass than old trees.

Most of the biomass of the cut trees would be added to the atmosphere as CO2 within a few years.

As a result of the cascade of electrons down the electron transport chains of the light reactions, A) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. B) NADPH is oxidized to NADP+. C) NADPH is reduced to NADP+. D) NADP+ is oxidized to NADPH.

NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.

Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is true? A) The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by the use of fossil fuels. B) The greenhouse effect is reduced by deforestation. C) The greenhouse effect has no direct relationship with the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s. D) The greenhouse effect will decrease the average temperature of the planet.

The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by the use of fossil fuels.

Which of the following statements about the absorption of photons by pigment molecules is true? A) Photons raise electrons in pigments to the ground state. B) Excitation of the electrons is a very stable state. C) The release of energy by the excited electron can be as heat, light, or fluorescence. D) It takes several minutes for the pigment electrons to become excited.

The release of energy by the excited electron can be as heat, light, or fluorescence.

What is the main adaptive advantage of the C4 and CAM photosynthesis strategies over the C3 strategy? A) They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry conditions. B) They make it possible for the plant to use the Calvin cycle at night. C) They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently in dim or cool conditions. D) They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently under conditions of low atmospheric CO2.

They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry conditions.

Plants use sugars as A) a starting material for the Calvin cycle. B) a fuel for cellular respiration and a starting material for making other organic molecules. C) a fuel for photosynthesis. D) a source of electrons for chemiosmosis.

a fuel for cellular respiration and a starting material for making other organic molecules.

In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like A) a spring. B) a propeller on a motorboat. C) an antenna. D) a windmill.

an antenna.

A redox reaction involves the transfer of A) oxygen. B) carbon dioxide. C) water. D) an electron.

an electron.

What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms? A) heterotrophs B) synthesizers C) autotrophs D) chemotrophs

autotrophs

Photosynthetic organisms derive their carbon from A) carbon monoxide. B) hydrocarbons. C) methane. D) carbon dioxide.

carbon dioxide.

Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of reactive oxidative molecules by A) chlorophyll. B) mitochondria. C) carotenoids. D) ATP.

carotenoids

Mitochondria transfer ________ energy from ________ to ATP; chloroplasts transform ________ energy into the chemical energy of ATP. A) food . . . light . . . nuclear B) food . . . light . . . chemical C) chemical . . . food . . . light D) light . . . food . . . kinetic

chemical . . . food . . . light

Which of the following has been a major source of ozone destruction over the past 50 years? A) chemiosmosis B) ethylene glycol C) chlorofluorocarbons D) carbon dioxide

chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following photosynthetic pigments can be found at the photosystem reaction center? A) a carotenoid B) phycocyanin C) chlorophyll b D) chlorophyll a

chlorophyll a

In most green plants, chloroplasts are A) evenly distributed throughout the entire plant. B) concentrated in a zone of leaf tissue called the mesophyll. C) concentrated in a portion of the leaf called the stroma. D) evenly distributed throughout the leaf tissue.

concentrated in a zone of leaf tissue called the mesophyll.

The chloroplast ATP synthase A) helps transport H+ against the concentration gradient. B) couples the flow of H+ to the phosphorylation of ADP. C) is found in the stroma. D) is a nucleic acid complex.

couples the flow of H+ to the phosphorylation of ADP.

Which of the following is an example of a photoautotroph? A) grizzly bears in Alaska B) mushrooms growing on the side of a dead tree C) cyanobacteria in freshwater and marine ecosystems D) bacteria in our mouth

cyanobacteria in freshwater and marine ecosystems

Which of the following is a normal process of photosynthesis that could not occur if all reaction centers were inactivated by a toxin? A) donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll a to a primary electron acceptor B) absorption of photons by chlorophyll b C) absorption of photons by carotenoids D) donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll b to a primary electron acceptor

donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll a to a primary electron acceptor

Sunlight is a type of ________ energy. A) kinetic B) electromagnetic C) potential D) nuclear

electromagnetic

The full range of electromagnetic energy is called the ________ spectrum. A) energy B) electromagnetic C) visible D) ultraviolet

electromagnetic

Which of the following is part of the light reaction? A) formation of waste products in the form of O2 B) carbon fixation C) reduction of carbon D) regeneration of NADP+

formation of waste products in the form of O2

Which of the following are produced during the Calvin cycle? A) glucose, ADP, NADP+ B) ATP, NADPH, CO2 C) glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2 D) ATP, NADPH, O2

glucose, ADP, NADP+

Chloroplasts contain disklike membranous sacs arranged in stacks called A) cristae. B) vacuoles. C) grana. D) thylakoids.

grana.

Of the following wavelengths of light, which would you expect to be reflected or transmitted by chlorophyll a? A) green B) blue C) red D) yellow

green

Which of the following colors contributes the least energy to photosynthesis? A) blue B) red C) orange D) green

green

Plant cells A) lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. B) have mitochondria and chloroplasts. C) have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts. D) lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts.

have mitochondria and chloroplasts.

In photosynthesis, the chemiosmotic production of ATP A) requires oxygen. B) is analogous to the production of ATP in mitochondria. C) is done by the Calvin cycle. D) is a result of the oxidation of glucose.

is analogous to the production of ATP in mitochondria.

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis? A) cellular respiration B) light C) electromagnetism D) ATP

light

Photorespiration A) produces glucose. B) may be an evolutionary relic from when atmospheric O2 levels were low. C) is attributable to high CO2 levels. D) is of benefit to the plant since it breaks down rubisco.

may be an evolutionary relic from when atmospheric O2 levels were low.

Global warming due to the greenhouse effect may be A) of little concern, since it is part of the normal cycle for the planet. B) reduced by the burning of fossil fuels, which removes oxygen from the atmosphere. C) moderated by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. D) made worse by photosynthesis, which adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

moderated by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Carbon fixation A) supplies the cell with ATP. B) occurs when carbon atoms from CO2 are incorporated into an organic molecule. C) occurs during the light reactions. D) provides the cell with a supply of NADPH molecules.

occurs when carbon atoms from CO2 are incorporated into an organic molecule.

Clusters of light-gathering pigments in a photosystem A) absorb electrons. B) are found in the roots of plants. C) pass energy to the reaction center. D) break down H2O.

pass energy to the reaction center.

Chlorophyll b A) is best at absorbing the energy of blue-violet and red light, just like chlorophyll a. B) catalyze the incorporation of carbon atoms into RuBP. C) passes absorbed energy to chlorophyll a. D) is best at absorbing the energy of green light.

passes absorbed energy to chlorophyll a.

Photosystem II A) passes electrons to photosystem I. B) does not have a reaction center. C) releases CO2 as a by-product. D) has P700 at its reaction center.

passes electrons to photosystem I.

Autotrophs that utilize light as their energy source are A) fungi. B) photoautotrophs. C) chemosynthetic autotrophs. D) heterotrophs.

photoautotrophs

A packet of light energy is called a A) phaser. B) pigment. C) photon. D) quantum.

photon

The energy that excites P680 and P700 is supplied by A) electrons passing down the electron transport chain. B) photons. C) NADPH. D) ATP.

photons

The addition of oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to RuBP results in A) photorespiration. B) photophosphorylation. C) cellular respiration. D) aerobic respiration.

photophosphorylation

The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is A) anaerobic metabolism. B) cellular respiration. C) glycolysis. D) photosynthesis.

photosynthesis

What is the likely origin of chloroplasts? A) mitochondria that had a mutation for photosynthesis B) eukaryotes that engulfed photosynthetic fungi C) prokaryotes with photosynthetic mitochondria D) photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells

photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells

ATP and NADPH A) are products of the Calvin cycle. B) provide energy to Photosystem I and Photosystem II. C) are used in the electron transport chain to pump H+ into the thylakoid space. D) power sugar synthesis during the Calvin cycle.

power sugar synthesis during the Calvin cycle.

Photoautotrophs A) include only the green plants. B) eat other organisms that use light energy to make food molecules. C) make sugar by using organic raw materials. D) produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules.

produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules.

Ozone A) protects Earth from UV radiation. B) is broken down by carbon dioxide. C) is a source of oxygen for cellular respiration. D) formation is promoted by CFCs.

protects Earth from UV radiation.

The electron transport chains of the light reactions A) are located in the stroma. B) shuttle electrons along in a series of redox reactions. C) are found on the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells. D) provide energy for the citric acid cycle.

shuttle electrons along in a series of redox reactions.

To produce one glucose, the Calvin cycle needs to be run through ________ time(s). A) eight B) six C) two D) four

six

CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via A) stroma. B) stomata. C) grana. D) thylakoids.

stomata

In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called the A) stroma. B) stomata. C) thylakoid. D) matrix.

stroma

The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem I are replaced by electrons from A) the top of the electron transport chain. B) CO2. C) H2O. D) the bottom of the electron transport chain.

the bottom of the electron transport chain.

Photophosphorylation during photosynthesis differs from oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration in that A) the final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen. B) energy is stored in the form of a proton concentration difference. C) regeneration of ATP is driven by a flow of protons through an ATP synthase. D) it involves an electron transport chain.

the final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen.

Ozone consists of ________ oxygen atom(s). A) two B) four C) one D) three

three

Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell? A) stroma B) thylakoid membranes C) cristae D) cytoplasm

thylakoid membranes

The light reactions occur in the ________, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ________. A) stroma . . . nucleus B) cytoplasm . . . thylakoid membrane C) thylakoid membranes . . . stroma D) stroma . . . thylakoid membranes

thylakoid membranes . . . stroma

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from A) glucose. B) water. C) carbon dioxide. D) chlorophyll.

water