Ch. 7 Episodic and Semantic Memory

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What is memory misattribution?

attribute memory to incorrect source

two key principles retrieving memories

better when study and test conditions match: how closely current context resembles original context info originally acquired & more cues the better

Transient global amnesia

biologically; temp. disruption of memory; most common form of amnesia; lasts about a couple hours to a couple of days; limit access to full consolidated memory

What are the feature of semantic and episodic memories?

both can be communicated flexibly (can be described) & both consciously accessible (aware whether know or not)

explicit memory

consciously accessible

Two type of functional amnesia?

dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue

What is the relationship btw semantic and episodic memory?

episodic memory grows out of semantic memories

What makes semantic memories different from episodic?

factual information = no need for knowing where/when learned; can be personal or general; requires multiple exposures and more = strengthens

What are the four basic phenomenon?

forgetting, interference, memory misattribution, & false memory

declarative memory

includes both episodic & semantic - can communicate it clearly

anterograde amnesia

loss of ability to form new episodic/semantic memories

retrograde amnesia

loss of ability to recall episodic/semantic memories prior to injury

dissociative fugue

loss of memory of identity; extremely rare

Causes for functional amnesia?

malfunction in brain areas associated with episodic memory storage/retrieval; increased activity in frontal cortex with decrease in hippo campus

semantic memory

memories for facts and general knowledge about the world; emotions not connected

episodic memory

memory for specific autobiographical events; includes spatial & temporal context (when & where); what we remember; emotionally connected

what is false memory?

memory of events that never happened; occur when prompted for missing details; more imagined more likely we believe it

three basic principles of encoding

mere exposure doesn't guarantee memory; memory is better for information that relates to prior knowledge; deeper processing at encoding improves later recognition

retroactive interference

new information disrupts old learning; ex: passwords

proactive interference

old information disrupts new learning

free recall

open-ended questions (essay questions) = hardest

recognition

pick out correct answer from list of options (multiple choice)

What are the two types of interference?

proactive and retroactive interference

re-consolidation period

process of consolidation of recalled old memory as if new memory

cued recall

prompt provided (fill-in the blanks questions) = Harder

functional amnesia

psychological; rare; sudden, massive retrograde memory loss; temp. hippo campus abnormality

source amnesia

remember information but not source

transfer-appropriate processing effect

retrieval more successful if cues available at recall similar to those available during encoding; involves physical appearance of stimuli and physical context

What are the two types of memory misattribution?

source amnesia & cryptomensia

What makes episodic memories different from semantic?

specific events at particular place and time; autobiographical; acquired in single exposure; repeated exposure weaken memory

Cause to TGA?

temp. loss of blood flow to the brain form injury, hypoglycemic episode, heart attack/stroke

consolidation period

time frame when info is being encoded into the brain; window when new memories easily lost (during delay)

encoding

transforming information into psychological formats

What is interference?

two memories overlap in content, strength of either/both reduced

dissociative amnesia

loss of memory of specific traumatic event

What are the two types of forgetting?

passive forgetting & directed forgetting

cryptomensia

thinking your thoughts are original and think you came up with it first but you didn't; this can lead to plagiarism


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