Ch 7 - Pedicuring

Types of footbath

-Basin soak bath -Portable pedicure unit -Whirlpool bath

Equipment needed to perform a pedicure

-Pedicure station -Pedicure stool and footrest -Footbath -Pedicure cart -Electric foot mitts -Terry cloth mitts -Paraffin treatment -Hot stones

A basic pedicure includes what 3 things?

-Trim, shape and polish toenails -Exfoliate skin -Massage

Procedure steps to perform a foot and leg massage:

1-Put on fresh pair of gloves. Rest client's heel on a footrest or stool. Grasp leg gently just above ankle and hold a foot just beneath the toes. Rotate foot in a circular motion 2-Holding ankle, place palm of hand on top of foot behind toes. Slide palm up to ankle area with gentle pressure and back. Repeat 3-5x in the middle, then on the sides of the top of the foot 3-Never losing contact, slide hands with thumbs are on the plantar side of the foot while fingers are gently holding the dorsal side of the foot (like holding a sandwich). Move one thumb in circular movement 4-Alternate movements of thumbs in a smooth, firm motion. Repeat 5-Perform thumb movement on surface of the heels, rotating your thumbs in opposite directions. Repeat 3-5x. 6-Place hand on top of foot, cupping it, and make a fist with other hand. The hand on top of the foot will press the foot toward you while other hand twists into the instep of the foot 7-Transition hands and place the thumb on the top of the toe and arching the index finger underneath it 8-Hold tip of the toe (starting w/ little toe) and make a figure 8. Repeat 3-5x on each toe 9-Return your hands to position described in Step 4. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 10-Repeat all movements on each foot as many times as wanted 11-Once both feet are rubbed, move forward in pedicure procedure. If performing a luxury pedicure, don't do feathering movement. Instead, slide hands to the leg and do leg massage after Step 10 12-Place client's foot on footrest or stabilize on your lap. Gently grasp the leg from behind the ankle. Perform effleurage movements from ankle to below the knee on front of the leg with other hand 13-Slide to the back of the leg and perform effleurage movements up the back of the leg. Stroke up the leg. Then, with less pressure, return to the original location. Perform 5-7x

Procedure steps to disinfect whirlpool, air jet or pipeless foot spa (once a week):

1. After your end-of-day cleaning procedure, do not drain the disinfectant solution. Turn the unit off and leave the disinfecting solution in the unit overnight. In the morning, put on gloves and safety glasses. 2. Drain all water from the basin and rinse the basin with clean water. 3. Refill the basin with clean water and flush the system. 4. Record the disinfectant information into the salon's logbook if required by state law or by salon policy.

Procedure steps to perform a basic pedicure:

1. First, remove polish from the little toe. 2. Check the temperature of the pedicure bath for safety. 3. Lift and dry the foot. 4. Carefully trim the toenails of the first foot straight across and even with the end of the toes. 5. Carefully use the nail rasp, only on the big toe, if needed. 6. Carefully file the nails of the first foot with an appropriate single-use and prepped medium-grit file. 7. After filing, buff the nails to remove any unevenness or discoloration from nail polish stains. 8. Remove loose, dead skin, and exfoliate. 9. Rinse the foot. 10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 on the other foot. 11. Apply cuticle remover 12. Carefully, remove the cuticle. 13. Next, if necessary, use the curette on the first foot to gently push the soft tissue folds away from the walls of the lateral nail plate. 14. Dip your client's first foot back into the foot bath. With the foot over the foot bath, brush it again with a nylon nail brush to remove bits of debris. 15. Apply lotion, cream, or oil to the first foot and massage. 16. If appropriate for the client, perform a foot massage as outlined in Procedure 7-2: Foot and Leg Massage 17. Remove traces of lotion, cream, or oil from the nails of both feet with polish remover 18. Put on the sandals they will wear home, or provide single-use pedicure slippers. Apply nail coats to nails on both feet. Escort the client to a drying area and offer them a refreshment. 19. Your client has beautifully pedicured feet.

Procedure steps to disinfect whirlpool, air jet or pipeless foot spa (after every client):

1. Put on gloves and safety glasses. 2. Drain all water from the pedicure basin if it has not already been drained. 3. Remove the covers from the impellers and any other removable components according to the manufacturer's instructions. Most parts simply twist off. 4. Thoroughly scrub all removable components, the impellers, and the areas behind each with liquid soap, a clean disinfected brush, and clean warm water to remove all visible residue. 5. Rinse and replace the properly cleaned screen and other removable parts. 6. Scrub all visible residue from the inside walls of the basin with a clean disinfected brush, liquid detergent, and clean warm water. Brushes must be cleaned and disinfected after each use; otherwise, they can transfer pathogens to other foot spas. 7. Rinse the basin with clean warm water and drain. 8. Refill the basin with clean warm water. If the basin has jets, be sure to put enough water in to cover the jets. 9. Measure the correct amount (read the product label for mixing instructions) of the EPA-registered hospital disinfectant and add it to the water in the basin. 10. Circulate the disinfectant through the basin for 10 minutes. Set the timer to keep track of the time. 11. Clean and disinfect all external parts and surfaces. 12. Drain. Rinse with clean warm water and wipe the pedicure basin dry with a clean paper towel. 13. Record the disinfection information into the salon's logbook if required by state law or by salon policy.

Procedure steps to disinfect whirlpool, air jet or pipeless foot spa (at the end of the day):

1. Put on gloves and safety glasses. 2. If your equipment includes removable parts, remove the screen and any other removable parts. (A screwdriver may be necessary.) 3. Clean the screen and other removable parts and the areas behind them with a clean disinfected brush, liquid soap, and water to remove all visible residue. Replace the properly cleaned screen and other removable parts. 4. Fill the basin with warm water and chelating detergent (cleansers designed for use in hard water). Important note: Please check whether chelating detergent is required for your type of foot spa by your state or the manufacturer. 5. Circulate the chelating detergent through the system for 5 to 10 minutes, following the manufacturer's instructions. If excessive foaming occurs, discontinue circulation and let it soak for the remainder of the time, as instructed. 6. Drain the soapy solution and rinse the basin with clean water. 7. Refill the basin with clean water. Measure the correct amount (as indicated in the mixing instructions on the label) of the EPA-registered hospital disinfectant and add it to the water in the basin. Circulate the disinfectant through the basin for 10 minutes. Set a timer to keep track of the time. 8. Drain, rinse with clean water, and wipe dry with a clean paper towel. Allow the basin to dry completely, unless you are performing the once-each-week disinfectant steps. Refer to those steps for additional information. 9. Record the disinfection information into the salon's logbook if required by state law or by salon policy.

Procedure steps to clean and disinfect foot basins or tubs:

1. Put on gloves and safety glasses. Drain all water from the foot basin or tub. 2. Scrub all inside surfaces of the foot basin or tub and all the surfaces around it with a clean disinfected brush, liquid soap, and clean water to remove all visible residue. 3. Rinse the basin or tub with clean water and drain. 4. Refill the basin with clean water. Measure the correct amount of the EPA-registered hospital disinfectant (as indicated in mixing instructions on the label) and add it to the water in the basin. Set the timer. Leave this disinfectant solution in the basin for 10 minutes or the time recommended by the manufacturer. 5. Drain, rinse with clean water, and wipe dry with a clean paper towel. 6. Record the disinfection information into the salon's logbook if required by state law or by salon policy. 7. At the end of every day, perform the same procedure steps as after each client.

About how long should Alex plan to be in the pedicure chair for his basic pedicure?

30 to 45 minutes

Letitia is getting a spa pedicure. The nail technician starts the pedicure, then gets to the masking portion. She applies the mask to Letitia's legs and feet and then leaves her in the pedicure chair to let the mask sit. She comes back ______ minutes later and removes the mask, noting that it's been on long enough to be beneficial.

5 to 10

What is recommended prior to providing a paraffin wax treatment to elderly clients?

A pre-service wax patch test

Basic vs Spa pedicure

Basic: 30-45 Min, just foot massage Spa: 1-1.5 Hr, foot and leg massage, other pampering treatments

How should a client be handled if they experience pain in their joints?

Be gentle and do not apply pressure.

When performing a pedicure, what is the first step after completing the preservice procedure?

Check the temperature of the pedicure bath for safety.

T/F A callus softener is a special implement used by the nail technician that shaves off the top layers of the callus.

False

T/F Exfoliating scrubs are gritty enough to slough off dead skin on the leg, but not gritty enough to reduce calluses on feet.

False

T/F Exfoliating scrubs are oil-based and contain walnut shells for exfoliation.

False

T/F Foot lotions and creams used in standard salons are formulated in such a way that they are not available over-the-counter for home use.

False

T/F For a series of pedicures aimed at reducing calluses, the ideal schedule is every 3 weeks for two months.

False

T/F If a client requests complete removal of their calluses, the nail technician should oblige, with an extra charge to the pedicure service.

False

T/F It is not the nail technician's role to talk to their clients about overall foot health.

False

T/F Reflexology is a science that can only be practiced by licensed medical professionals.

False

T/F The foot should be held loosely or lightly during massage.

False

T/F There are about five or six massage routines that all nail technicians can practice.

False

T/F You should use as little lotion or oil as possible when performing a foot or leg massage.

False

Alex is surprised by how fancy the pedicure is from the start. His technician seats him in a large chair with an attached whirlpool footbath, and instructs him on how to use the massage functions of the chair. What kind of footbath is being used for Alex's pedicure?

Fully plumbed pedicure chair

The technician asks Alex if he would like hot stones to be used. Alex isn't quite sure what this means. How should the technician explain it?

Hot stones are smooth and comfortably warm and provide a deeper heat that enhances relaxation.

It is extremely important to disinfect stones between clients so as to prevent the spread of fungi, viruses, or bacteria, such as _____.

MRSA

The nail technician pulls out a special metal file and tells Alex that she's going to work on his nails to prevent ingrown toenails. What implement is the nail technician most likely using?

Nail rasp

_____ recommends the use of nitrile gloves to nail technicians when they are performing pedicures or working with chemicals.

OSHA

A service that would most benefit dry skin is:

Paraffin treatment

Which of these are add-on services and should include an extra charge?

Paraffin wax treatment

Basin soak baths are typically made of:

Stainless steel or ceramic

Foot files or paddles are designed

To smooth and reduce dry flaky skin

Foot files or paddles are designed:

To smooth and reduce dry flaky skin

T/F A foot soak is a pedicure bath additive that is a gentle cleanser and deodorizer.

True

T/F A great way to keep clients coming back is to sell packages where one service is free after purchasing a certain number.

True

T/F Foot masks are applied and left to sit on the foot for 5 to 10 minutes and have a number of functions, including cleansing, exfoliating, toning, hydrating, and nourishing.

True

T/F For most clients, pedicure services are a service they have as frequently as they have their hair done.

True

T/F Reflexology considers that specific points on the hands or feet can have pressure applied to them to promote health benefits to various parts of the body.

True

T/F Some callus softeners can be potentially hazardous if they splash onto the skin or into the eyes, so personal protective items such as goggles or gloves should be worn when applying them.

True

T/F Some scrubs are so harsh that they may leave tiny, invisible-to-the-naked-eye scratches in the skin that can become infected with pathogenic microorganisms.

True

T/F The best nail technicians stay up to date on styles and trends, and continue to seek out education about their craft.

True

T/F The nail technician should encourage clients to schedule regular pedicures and treatments.

True

T/F The thumb should be positioned on the bottom of the client's foot during a foot massage.

True

T/F There is no hard and fast rule about talking to clients during services; the nail technician should be open to both freely communicating or staying mostly quiet, allowing the client to relax in peace.

True

T/F When choosing products, it is a good idea to go with a manufacturer that has good educational support.

True

T/F When massaging a client's feet and legs, you should always keep one hand on the client as you transition between positions and movements.

True

pedicure

a cosmetic service performed on the feet by a licensed nail technician or cosmetologist that includes trimming, shaping, and exfoliating skin and polishing toenails as well as foot massage

nail rasp

a metal file with an edge that can file the nail plate in only one direction

reflexology

a practice based on the belief that working on areas or reflex points found on the hands, feet, ears, and face can reduce tension in the body's corresponding organs and gland structures

foot soak

a product containing gentle soaps and moisturizers that is used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin

callus softener

a product designed to soften and smooth thickened tissue (calluses), especially on heels and over pressure points

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments due to an incorrect dose or choice of antibiotic

exfoliating scrub

a water-based lotion that contains a mild, gritty-like abrasive and moisturizers to help remove dry, flaky skin and reduce calluses

mask

also known as a masque; a concentrated treatment product often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, botanical extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish the skin

foot file

also known as a pedicure paddle; a large abrasive file used to smooth and reduce thicker areas of calluses

Exfoliating scrubs are usually water-based lotions that contain:

an abrasive

Which of the following is not a broad spectrum labeling requirement for an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant?

antiseptic

A pedicure station includes a comfortable chair that has a(n) _____ and footrest as well as a(n) _____ chair for the technician.

armrest, ergonomic

Gentleness during massage is especially important for clients who have:

arthritis

Generally, when you are performing a foot massage, the foot should be grasped between the thumb and fingers:

at the mid-tarsal area

A pedicure _____ helps keep supplies organized and may have _____ for greater ease of mobility.

cart, wheels

An implement that is usually used to help remove debris from the nail folds, eponychium, and hyponychium is called a(n) _____.

curette

toenail nippers

curette

_____ pedicure units are a step above portable water baths and have a footbath and technician's stool built into one unit.

customized

When reducing calluses, it is very important that the nail technician not _____ the callus; that is illegal for all nail technicians, as it is categorized as medical treatment rather than a cosmetic service.

cut

Paraffin wax treatments should not be offered to clients with _______.

diabetes-related problems

Which of the following types of pedicure equipment must not be cleaned and disinfected after each use?

disposables

Repeated exposure of the skin to pedicure water can cause extreme _____ and cracking of the hands.

dryness

A curette with ____ is recommended for use by nail technicians.

dull edges

Toe separators

foam rubber or cotton disposable implements used to keep toes apart while polishing the nails. A new set must be used on each client and then thrown away

An implement used to reduce and smooth thick foot calluses is called a(n) _____.

foot file

Pedicure products designed for use in the pedicure bath are called:

foot soaks

Salons must always use an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant that is labeled as a broad spectrum bactericide, viricidal, and:

fungicide

Improper, rushed, or careless cleaning of the pedicure bath may lead to:

health safety concerns for clients.

Something found in pedicures and not typically in manicures is the use of _____.

hot stones

It is extremely important to disinfect between clients to prevent the transfer of _____, as even something as minor as an insect bite or invisible skin lesions from shaving the legs can be dangerous.

infection

Use of a blade on calluses is usually against the law and is a potential cause of:

infection

An ergonomic pedicuring stool is usually _____ and may come with a built-in _____.

low, footrest

A(n) _____ is a concentrated treatment product that is sometimes put on the feet, which are then placed into _____.

mask, electric foot mitts

Hot stone pedicures are an upscale service that can be included in the _____ portion of the service and can enhance relaxation and stimulate circulation.

massage

_____-grit nail files work best for toenails; however a(n) _____-grit file can be used to seal the edges. Some nail technicians may choose _____ files; however they are not legal in all states, so that should be confirmed before use.

medium, fine, metal

In general, a _____ file is most appropriate to shorten the toenails.

medium-grit

Clients should be encouraged to schedule regular pedicure appointments every:

month

A metal file that is designed with a very specific use in pedicuring services is called a _____. It should never be used on nails that are already _____, but, when used correctly, can help prevent them from forming.

nail rasp, ingrown

_____ cannot treat ingrown nails; treatment can only be performed by a(n) _____.

nail technicians, podiatrist

_____ stones are porous and cannot be disinfected; therefore, the best choice for hot stone pedicures are _____ stones that can be disinfected.

natural, synthetic

A _____ is an implement used in pedicures to trim tags of dead skin.

nipper

Which of the following products does not help to maintain the client's pedicure between services?

paraffin wax

_____ in pedicure services is typically scooped from a bag and then spread over the foot, which is then placed into a bag to promote moisture and _____ of the skin.

paraffin, hydration

A _____ is a fully plumbed whirlpool bath with an attached seat for the client.

pedicure chair

_____ are used for clients who are not already wearing open-toed shoes and want to avoid smudging their toenail polish. When offering them, caution the client to be careful, as they can be slippery when walking or driving.

pedicure slippers

When performing a basic pedicure, it is recommended that you use ____ to remove traces of lotion, cream, or oil from the toenails.

polish remover

A fully plumbed pedicure chair is not:

portable

toenail clippers

professional instruments with curved or straight jaws specifically designed for cutting toenails

Calluses:

protect the underlying skin from irritation.

Exfoliating agents found in pedicure scrubs are made of sea sand, ground apricot kernels, quartz crystals, jojoba beads, and:

pumice

Massage given during pedicures is meant primarily for:

relaxation

Exfoliating scrubs are massaged on the foot and leg to:

remove dry, flaky skin and reduce calluses

Services that require more than one appointment are referred to as a:

series

Which of the following steps is not typically performed during a dry pedicure?

soak feet in portable water basin

Basin footbaths can be made of different materials, such as _____, ceramic, or plastic.

stainless steel

Implements for manicures and pedicures must be:

stainless steel

When following proper disinfection procedures, you should always follow the _________ guidelines.

state

Foot massage induces a high degree of relaxation and:

stimulates blood flow.

An option for mitts that are both washable and reusable is _____.

terry cloth

microtrauma

the act of causing tiny unseen openings in the skin that may allow entry by pathogenic microbes. Shaving is a common cause of microtrauma

Friction should only be used on which part of the foot?

the bottom of the foot

The _____-type pedicure chair may feature built-in massaging features and seat warmers as well as self-cleaning and disinfection cycles in the footbath.

throne

_____ help keep the toes apart while the technician is _____ the toenails. They can be made from a variety of materials, including a(n) _____ one piece, or even a rope woven around toes. They are considered _____ because a new set must be used with each client.

toe separators, polishing, rubber, single-use

_____ are used to shorten the toenails; however, special care should be taken to ensure that the nail is not trimmed too short and that the seal of the _____ is not broken.

toenail clippers, hyponychium

_____ are similar to the same implement for the fingernails; however, unlike those used for the fingernails, they are not used to remove dead skin but rather to shorten the nail.

toenail nippers

A _____ is a metal file with an edge that can file the nail plate in only one direction.

toenail rasp

A pedicure includes all but which of the following:

treating a foot disease

If the client has sensitive or redness-prone skin, avoid:

vigorous or strong massage techniques

Regardless of the type of footbath, the water that fills it should be _____.

warm

The _____ from the foot mitts helps the mask penetrate the skin and also helps aid in relaxation during the treatment.

warmth

Callus reduction series appointments are scheduled on a _____ basis.

weekly

Some pedicure footbaths are automatic _____ that also warm and massage the client's feet.

whirlpools