Female Reproductive System

What is the ovarian cycle steps? (6)

1. Formation of primary follicle is coming from the oogonia (primordial follicle). Under the influence of FSH to mature. 2. formation of the secondary follicle or oocyte leaves the follicle and the ovary and enters in the peritoneal cavity. 3. formation of the tertiary follicle ( mature follicle, vesicular follicle, and graffian follicle). 4. Ovulation, FSH lowers, and LH spikes. 5. Formation of the Corpus Luteum. (endocrine gland that produces the progesterone that helps promote growth and maintains the ovum until it is fertilized). 6. Fertilization or no fertilization (formation of the corpus albucans, endometrium is shed to be rebuild).

What are the phases in the uterine cycle?

1. Menses Phase (increased secretion of FSH and low LH. 2. Proliferative Phase : (Grows the functional zone in the uterus). Estrogen increases 3. Secretory Phase: Progesterone increase.

Male Reproductive System...THE TESTIS IS DIVIDED INTO A NUMBER OF LOBES BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE. EACH OF THESE LOBES CONTAINS ONE TO FOUR _____1________, WHICH CONVERGE TO EMPTY SPERM INTO ANOTHER SET OF TUBULES CALLED THE _____2_________.

1. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES 2. RETI TESTIS

GLANDS THAT PRODUCE MILK DURING LACTATION

A. ALVEOLI

PUT THE FOLLOWING VESTIBULAR PERINEAL STRUCTURES IN THEIR PROPER ORDER FROM THE ANTERIOR TO THE POSTERIOR ASPECT: VAGINAL ORIFICE, ANUS, URETHRAL OPENING, AND CLITORIS.

ANTERIOR LIMIT: CLITORIS -> URETHRAL OPENING -> ANUS.

PIGMENTED AREA SURROUNDING THE NIPPLE

AREOLA

What is menarche?

Beginning of first uterine cycle that is marked by degeneration, sloughing away and expulsion of the functional zone of the endometrium lining in the uterus.

DEFINE OVULATION

EJECTION OF AN IMMATURE EGG (OOCYTE) FROM THE OVARY.

NAME THE THREE LAYERS OF THE UTERINE WALL FROM THE INSIDE OUT.

ENDOMETRIUM, MYOMETRIUM, PERIMETRIUM (SEROSA)

What is the labia majora?

Encloses the entire vestibular region, outer larger folds, it protects the entrance way of the vagina, urethra, and the interior surface. It has sebaceous and appacrine glands that reduce friction.

WHICH OF THESE IS SLOUGHED DURING MENSES?

Endometrium.

What are the finger like extensions of the fallopian tubes?

Fimbriae.

The Menstrual Cycle of a female.

Follicular Phase: FSH stimulates the growth of the primordial follicles to mature and as they mature the Thecal and Granulosa cells produce estrogen (steroid hormones). The follicle grows and cranks out estrogen which maintains the female secondary sex characteristics, oogonia is stimulates oogenesis. It then starts to growth of functional zone of the endometrium. Luteal Phase: FSH decreases and LH spikes, which causes ovulation. The creation of the corpus luteum which produces progesterone to keep the functional zone continued to grow and maintain itself. Menstrual Phase: The functional zone is affected as progesterone decreases causes the corpus lutem to shrivel up and be absorbed. Once this happens the spiral artery of the functional zone is destroyed and menses occur. (The shedding of the endometrial lining).

DUCT EXTENDING SUPEROLATERALLY FROM THE UTERUS

Hymen.

WHAT IS AN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY, AND HOW CAN IT HAPPEN?

IT IS WHEN AN EMBRYO IMPLANTS IN A SITE OTHER THEN THE UTERUS. IT MAY OCCUR WHEN THE UTERINE (FALLOPIAN) TUBES ARE BLOCKED (PREVENTS PASSAGE) OR WHEN THE EGG IS LOST IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY AND FERTILIZATION OCCURS THERE.

What is the corpus luteum?

It is an endocrine tissue that develops in the ovary from a mature follicle after ovulation. Produces secondary female hormone progesterone.

What is the clitoris?

It is made up of the same tissue and nerves as the male penis, it can become engorged with blood.

What is the ovarian cycle?

It is the monthly physiological chain of events inside the ovary that leads ovulation.

What is the mammary gland?

It's an endocrine gland, it is a specialized organ of the integumentary system. It is a modified sweat gland, but it doesn't produce sweat it produces lactate. The hormone prolactin controls the production of mother's milk which causes the breast in pregnancy to swell which are connected to the lactiferous glands, to the lactiferous sinuses to the nipple (Oxytocin causes the ducts and glands to squeeze and secrete to push the milk out). In a non-pregnant female, it is primary the duct system that dominates the breast. When a woman is pregnant the glands dominant the breast.

DUCTS CONNECTING ALVEOLI TO THE STORAGE CHAMBERS

LACTIFEROUS DUCT

ENLARGED STORAGE CHAMBERS FOR MILK

LACTIFEROUS SINUSES.

SUBDIVISION OF MAMMARY LOBES THAT CONTAIN ALVEOLI

LOBULE

NAME THE STRUCTURES COMPOSING THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA, OR VULVA, OF THE FEMALE.

MONS PUBIS, LABIA MAJORA, LABIA MINORA, CLITORIS, URETHRA AND VEGINAL ORIFICES, HYMEN AND GREATER VESTIBULAR GLANDS.

WHICH CONTRACTS DURING CHILDBIRTH?

MYOMETRIUM

RELEASES MILK TO THE OUTSIDE

NIPPLE

What produces oocytes, estrogen,and progesterone?

Ovaries.

What is a Zygote?

Product of sperm fertilizing egg 1 cell is diploid full set of chromosomes).

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CAVERNOUS BODIES SEEN IN THE PENIS?

THE TISSUE CAN BECOME ENGORGED WITH BLOOD, THIS MAKING THE PENIS STIFF AND MORE EFFECTIVE AS A PENETRATING DEVICE.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE STEREOCILIA EXHIBITED BY THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE MUCOUS OF THE EPIDIDYMIS?

TO ABSORB EXCESS FLUID AND PROVIDE NUTRIENTS TO THE MATURING SPERM.

What becomes erect in a female during sex?

The clitoris.

What is the labia minora?

The interior of this minora, vestibular glands surround and secrete a mucus to reduce friction and aid in lubrication.

The summary of the effects of hormones in the female body.

The release of the gonadotropins that are secreted are FSH & LH. It is a complex endocrine reflex and before the FSH and LH is released from the anterior pituitary it must be released from the hypothalamus. It is released in different amounts at different times. It's target tissue is the ovary, FSH makes the ovaries to produce estrogen which provides secondary sex characteristics, growth of the endometrial lining (proliferative phase), and stimulates oogonia to start oogenesis.

What is the function of the female reproductive system?

The system produces functional female gametes and estrogen and progesterone. It protects and maintains fetal development until birth.

What is the site of fetal development?

The uterus.

What is the copulatory canal known as ?

The vagina.

Where is the egg normally fertilized in the female?

Uterine tubes (fallopian)

ASSUME A COUPLE HAS JUST CONSUMMATED THE SEX ACT AND THE SPERM HAVE BEEN DEPOSITED IN THE VAGINA. TRACE THE PATHWAY OF THE SPERM THROUGH THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT.

VAGINA -> CERVIX -> UTERUS -> UTERINE TUBE -> PERITONEAL CAVITY.

DO ANY SPERM ENTER THE PELVIC CAVITY OF THE FEMALE? WHY OR WHY NOT?

YES, BECAUSE THERE IS NO ANATOMIC CONTINUITY BETWEEN THE OVARY AND THE FIRST PART OF THE DUCT SYSTEM (UTERINE TUBE)

What is menopause?

last uterine cycle and cessation of uterine cycles.

What is oogenesis?

mitotic process in women that produces the mature gamete (ovum)

What hormones are involved in the female reproductive system?

• FSH is high and LH is low in the beginning of the cycle. • In the middle of the month, FSH lowers and LH spikes to release the ovum from the ovary. • LH declines, the corpus luteum shrivels, progesterone is no longer being produced. FSH rises and the menses begin. The shedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus.

What are the functions of the vagina?

• Functions of the vagina: It's a passageway of the body to expel uterine tissue and blood. It receives the penis and it forms the distal or last portion of the birth canal. • Interior structure of the vagina • It has rugae folds in the vagina to increase the surface area for the hollow organ or tube to be able to expand. • Contains resident bacteria that produces the acidic environment that helps protect the vagina to protect itself from pathogens. Very toxic to sperm, however sperm creates its own solution to counter it.