ch. 8 and 9
34. Antimiscegenation laws prohibited a. interracial marriage. b. mandatory segregation in schools. c. genocide. d. slavery.
A
30. Which of the following categories is NOT Hispanic? a. Mexican b. Indonesian c. Puerto Rican d. Venezuelan
B
31. According to the U.S. Census, Hispanic is a. a racial category. b. an ethnic category. c. a nonexistent category. d. a mixed race designation
B
41. In 2011, immigrants represented percent of the U.S. population. a. 2 b. 13 c. 26 d. 51
B
78. The use of racial slurs in the presence of children illustrates a. aversive racism. b. socialization. c. the self-fulfilling prophecy. d. a latent function of racism.
B
90. Most hate crimes are based on a. religious bias. b. racial bias. c. national origin or ethnicity. d. sexual preference.
B
91. A white college student who attacked the black fiancée of his white sister stated his motivation for the crime was his strong feelings against interracial marriage. This is a(n) hate crime. a. mission b. defensive c. thrill d. aversive
B
Researchers conclude that a.the GED program induces students to drop out of school. b.most students could benefit from completing a GED rather than high school. c.GED completion is more highly correlated with college success than is high school graduation. d.the GED program is more successful than other dropout interventions.
a
The phrase "learning while black" refers to evidence that, compared to other students, black students a. are disciplined more often and more harshly. b. fail due to low expectations by white teachers. c. attend segregated schools. d. live in impoverished, inner-city neighborhoods.
a
14. Many immigrants to the United States changed the spelling and pronunciation of their names to seem more American. This is an example of a. pluralism. b. acculturation. c. amalgamation. d. miscegenation.
b
17. The increasing rate of interracial marriages reflects a. acculturation. b. primary assimilation. c. secondary assimilation. d. de facto segregation.
b
24. The purpose of the "one drop of blood" rule was to a. discourage intermarriage. b. enlarge the slave population. c. grant Native Americans protection under U.S. law. d. discriminate against Irish, Italians and Jews.
b
The functions of education include all of the following EXCEPT a.economic security. b.socialization. c.custodial care. d.sorting individuals into statuses.
c
Value-added measurement (VAM) is the use of student achievement data to a.measure student progress. b.compare student performance globally. c.assess teacher effectiveness. d.determine teacher salaries.
c
In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that segregated education was a matter for each individual state to decide. constitutional as long as all schools received equal funding. in the best interests of U.S. society. unconstitutional because it was inherently unequal.
d
92. What type of hate crimes are most often committed by members of white supremacist organizations? a. mission hate crimes b. campus hate crimes c. defensive hate crimes d. thrill hate crimes
A
70. Pro-white rather than anti-black attitudes are an aspect of a. traditional prejudice. b. modern racism. c. aversive racism. d. racism 2.0.
C
76. Comedian Stephen Colbert's remarks that he does not see race, even his own, reflect a. aversive racism. b. color-blind racism. c. modern racism. d. institutional racism.
B
Value Added Measurement refers to the practice of using student achievement data to assess teacher effectiveness. a.student entrance exams for college. b.the practice of padding applications for college with extracurriculars. c.the use of teacher evaluations by parents and students in determining teacher salaries.
a
is education that includes all racial and ethnic groups in the school curriculum, thereby promoting awareness and appreciation for cultural diversity. a.Affirmative Action b.Character education c.Multicultural education d.The voucher system
c
The "Common Core" provides standards for a.fundraising for education. b.post-secondary vocational programs. c.e-learning. d.preparing students for post-secondary education and jobs.
d
The OECD report of educational statistics in 30 countries found that a. educational levels are decreasing. b. spending on education is generally consistent across countries. c. teacher salaries in the U.S. are among the highest in the world. d. there is a clear link between education and income and between education and employment.
d
The common set of academic standards endorsed by the National Governors Association is known as the a.National Curriculum. b.No Child Left Behind initiative. c.Cross-State Program d.Common Core State Standards
d
The majority of families served by Head Start are a. African American. b. immigrants, mostly from Mexico. c. middle class suburbanites. d. white non-Hispanics.
d
38. Which of these is an example of a "pull" factor? a. the availability of well-paying jobs b. religious discrimination c. ethnic conflict d. political unrest
A
43. Guestworkers in the United States a. are often exploited, cheated out of pay, and are unable to obtain medical care. b. must be paid minimum wage or higher. c. must be paid overtime if they work over 40 hours per week. d. are guaranteed medical treatment and worker's compensation if they are injured on the job
A
29. In 2010, percent of the U.S. population was Hispanic. a. 3 b. 16 c. 51 d. 67
B
33. Among U.S. children, the fastest growing racial/ethnic category is a. white non-Hispanic. b. Arab American. c. Hispanic. d. mixed-race.
D
40. Which of the following abolished the national origins quota system? a. Brown v. Board of Education b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Immigration Act of 1970 d. Hart-Celler Act
D
42. The guestworker programs, H-2A and H-2B, allow employers to import workers for a. professional or managerial jobs. b. skilled manufacturing jobs. c. technical jobs that require specialized technical education, such as computer specialists. d. temporary or seasonal work lasting less than one year.
D
48. groups advocate restrictive immigration policy and encourage vigilante tactics. a. "Secure Fence" b. Pro-nationalism c. English Only d. Nativist extremist groups
D
83. The practice of "redlining" contributed to which of the following? a. hate crimes b. low minority voting participation c. employment discrimination d. housing segregation
D
96. Affirmative action policies developed from federal legislation a. to give immigrants from all nationalities to the United States the right to become an American citizen if they met common eligibility criteria. b. to outlaw required segregation in all public arenas, including hotels, restaurants, modes of transportation, and residential neighborhoods. c. that mandated the desegregation of public schools by busing and changing the boundaries of school districts. d. that required any employer who received contracts from the federal government to make good faith efforts to increase the pool of qualified minorities and women.
D
What is the largest single category in educational spending? building and maintaining adequate facilities teacher salaries financial aid to needy students administrative costs
a
19. is the process by which formerly distinct and separate groups merge and become integrated as one. a. Pluralism b. Colonialism c. Segregation d. Assimilation
d
High rates of teacher turnover is a problem because a.new teachers tend to be less experienced. b.there is a lack of continuity in programs and educational reforms. c.it takes time and effort to replace teachers. d.all of the above
d
From the teachers' point of view, middleclass children compared to children from economically disadvantaged homes. a. are easy and fun to teach b. grasp the material quickly c. do their homework d. all of these choices
a
8. What term refers to the deliberate, systematic annihilation of an entire nation or people? a. assimilation b. colonialism c. genocide d. amalgamation
c
A recent evaluation of charter schools found that charter schools lure top students away from traditional schools. a.charter school students are likely to drop out of the program. b.students who attend charter schools show higher achievement than students in traditional public schools. c.charter schools negatively impact school achievement at neighboring schools.
c
46. A coyote is a. a hired guide who leads illegal immigrants across the border into the U.S. b. a member of the U.S. Border Patrol who is charged with apprehending people crossing illegally into the U.S. c. a member of the FBI who is charged with apprehending illegal immigrants residing in the U.S. d. an American citizen engaged in a vigilante effort to patrol the U.S. border and prevent immigrants from crossing into the U.S.
A
59. Immigrants are to commit crime a. less likely than natives b. more likely than natives c. as likely as natives d. the most likely group
A
63. Which of the following best illustrates the "racial threat" hypothesis? a. passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act after Chinese workers displaced whites in mining and railroad jobs. b. black support for constitutional propositions that increased state affirmative action initiatives. c. greater opposition among whites to affirmative action proposals in areas with few race or ethnic minorities. d. whites were more likely to blame blacks for black social disadvantages after passage of the 1960s civil rights acts.
A
64. Conflict theorists argue that racism increases capitalist profits by a. providing a surplus labor force. b. discouraging immigration. c. providing a market for lower-priced goods. d. increasing domestic service jobs.
A
73. Modern racism is characterized by the belief that a. serious discrimination in America is no longer a problem. b. minority groups deserve to be discriminated against. c. discrimination against whites is just as common as discrimination against minorities. d. racism and discrimination will always exist.
A
77. According to the frustration-aggression theory of prejudice, a. minority group members serve as convenient targets (scapegoats) of displaced aggression. b. some minorities who experience prejudice vent their frustrations in self-destructive behavior. c. minorities are believed to be more easily frustrated and violently aggressive. d. aggressive discriminatory behaviors are learned by watching prejudicial stereotypes in the media.
A
98. The beginning of the decline of affirmative action was a 1978 Supreme Court ruling in a. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. b. Brown v. Board of Education. c. Loving v. Virginia. d. Fisher v. University of Texas.
A
50. The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act a. made immigration of people with HIV/AIDS illegal. b. made hiring illegal aliens an illegal act punishable by fines and prison sentences. c. decreased the number of immigrants who could enter the United States legally. d. made it more difficult for immigrants to become naturalized citizens.
B
57. Immigrants who apply for and meet the requirements for U.S. citizenship are called a. second generation immigrants. b. naturalized citizens. c. de facto citizens. d. acculturated.
B
58. To become a U.S. citizen, most immigrants must a. have resided continuously as a lawful permanent U.S. resident for at least 10 years. b. be able to read, write, speak, and understand basic English. c. never have been arrested. d. pay a fee of $3000.
B
62. A latent dysfunction of the 1960s civil rights legislation was a. the economic conditions of blacks did not improve. b. perpetuation of stereotypes of blacks as lacking motivation and ability. c. as a whole, blacks began to surpass whites in economic status. d. both whites and blacks suffered greater job loss and financial insecurity.
B
66. The process by which a race or ethnic minority group is prevented from achieving because of negative stereotypes that define them as inferior illustrates a. a latent function. b. a self-fulfilling prophecy. c. redlining. d. the racial threat hypothesis
B
95. Affirmative action refers to programs and policies that a. increase political participation of minorities. b. promote equal opportunity and diversity in the workplace and educational institutions. c. enforce anti-discrimination laws. d. promote multicultural education and understanding of past discrimination against minorities.
B
49. Ted is a self-appointed monitor of the border between Mexico and the United States. He says he wants to keep out the "illegals." Ted can be described as a(an) a. undocumented worker. b. coyote c. nativist d. guestworker
C
56. In 2010, passed the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, one of the toughest illegal immigration laws in the country. a. Texas b. Kentucky c. Arizona d. California
C
60. Which of the following is NOT one of the myths about immigration described in your textbook? a. Immigrants do not want to learn English. b. Immigrants drain the public welfare system and our public schools. c. Immigration has a positive impact on the wages of nativeborn workers. d. Immigrants have high rates of criminal behavior.
C
61. Which of the following statements is true about immigrants in the United States? a. Immigrants do not want to learn English. b. Immigrants increase unemployment and lower wages among native workers. c. Immigrants are less likely than natives to commit crimes. d. Immigrants increase unemployment and lower wages among native workers
C
68. The belief that race accounts for differences in human character and ability and that a particular race is superior to others is called a. a self-fulfilling prophecy. b. discrimination. c. racism. d. aversive prejudice.
C
72. The study described in your text on "TwoFaced Racism" in Research Close Up found racism among college students is a. rare. b. directed more at ethnic groups than blacks today. c. pervasive in backstage social contexts. d. socially acceptable to admit in frontstage areas.
C
81. When schools use standard intelligence tests to decide which children will be placed in college preparatory tracks, they are limiting the educational advancement of minorities whose intelligence is not fairly measured by culturally biased tests developed from white middle-class experiences. This is an example of _______________discrimination. a. overt b. adaptive c. institutional d. reverse
C
85. A study by Massey and Lundy found that were the most disadvantaged in obtaining rentals. a. middle-class black men b. poor white women c. poor black women d. poor black men
C
94. The most frequently filed claims with the EEOC are allegations of a. gender discrimination or harassment. b. age discrimination. c. race discrimination, racial harassment, or opposition to racial discrimination. d. discrimination based on national origin.
C
54. The DREAM Act introduced in Congress in 2009 would provide a path to legal status for undocumented immigrants who a. have been in the U.S. for 10 years or longer. b. have worked and paid taxes in the U.S. for 5 years or longer. c. came to the U.S. as political refugees. d. were brought to the U.S. as children.
D
71. In several studies, respondents did not indicate that blacks were worse than whites, only that whites were better than blacks. For example, blacks were not rated as being lazier than whites, but whites were rated as being more ambitious than blacks. These findings exemplify which of the following? a. modern racism b. traditional racism c. reverse racism d. aversive racism
D
75. Which kind of racism is based on the belief that paying attention to race is, itself, racism? a. traditional racism. b. modern racism. c. aversive racism. d. color-blind racism.
D
80. In discrimination, the individual discriminates because of the prejudice of others. a. institutional b. overt c. de jure d. adaptive
D
82. Because the War on Drugs has been waged in poorer neighborhoods it has resulted in more arrests of people of color even though they are no more likely to see or use drugs than whites. This illustrates discrimination. a. traditional b. overt c. adaptive d. institutional
D
16. De jure segregation a. is enacted into law. b. exists in fact but not in law. c. means the groups have been assimilated into a melting pot. d. is the same as pluralism.
a
18. In Switzerland, four ethnic groups—French, Italians, Germans, and Swiss Germans—maintain their distinct cultural heritage and group identity in an atmosphere of mutual respect and social equality. This is an example of a. pluralism. b. assimilation. c. colonialism. d. acculturation.
a
7. Ethnicity is based on a. shared cultural heritage or nationality. b. physical characteristics, such as skin color and eye shape. c. religious affiliation. d. national citizenship.
a
An imbalance of power that exists over a long period of time in which the more powerful intimidate or belittle others defines a.bullying. b.stereotyping. c.segregation. d.initiation.
a
Elena was an economically disadvantaged student. The teacher defined her as a slow learner and assigned her to a lower ability group. Elena believed that her teacher did not expect her to perform as well as many of the other students; therefore, she performed at a lower level. This illustrates a. self-fulfilling prophecy. b. the organization child. c. cultural imperialism. d. multicultural education.
a
9. The intentional killing of Native Americans by Europeans that began when Europeans invaded the Americas in the 16th century is an example of a. expulsion. b. genocide. c. pluralism. d. amalgamation.
b
Assessments of Head Start and Early Head Start generally conclude a. the programs are of little value. b. the programs benefit children but the benefits may not last beyond third grade c. the programs would be more effective if they only concentrated on education. d. parental involvement is unnecessary.
b
School vouchers are a form of public assistance that provides free or discounted school meals for qualifying children. a.coupons the federal government awards to school districts in which at least 90 percent of the student population graduate from high school; these coupons are redeemable for any educational enrichment materials costs, such as computers and field trips. b.tax credits that are transferred to the public or private school the parents select for their child. c.forms that must be submitted to local school boards by parents who home-school their children; these forms document the educational progress of their children.
c
The study of bullying reported in Social Problem Research Close Up found a.the prevalence of bullying is highest in the 9th grade. the highest rate of being a victim of bullying is in the 9th grade. b.males were more likely than females to be bullies and bully victims. c.Hispanics were more likely than blacks to be bullies and bully victims.
c
Which of the following sociological perspectives is more likely to emphasize the relationship between teacher approval/disapproval and class differences in the social and verbal skills students bring to the classroom? a. structural-functionalists b. conflict theorists c. symbolic interactionists d. feminist theorists
c
Conflict theorists agree with Kozol that "savage inequalities" in the American educational system a. exist in the power disparities between administrators and teachers. b. are illustrated by the lack of power of students in the school system. c. contribute to age-grading and social promotions. d. perpetuate racial disparities.
d
Dropout rates are associated with a.decreased costs of public assistance. b.increased income and higher tax revenues. c.decreased costs of crime. d.increased costs of health care.
d
Higher achievement of girls in mathematics correlates with a. traditional gender roles. b. higher levels of testosterone. c. increased educational funding. d. higher levels of gender equity in the society.
d
Higher rates of student crime victimization are associated with a.being white. b.going to a private school. c.being female d.being non-white.
d
In the last several decades the U.S. status dropout rate a.has increased slightly. b.increased dramatically, especially for females. c.remained stable. d.significantly declined.
d
15. California's decision to discontinue bilingual education and force students to learn English in school is an example of forced a. segregation. b. pluralism. c. acculturation. d. amalgamation.
c
The most recent results from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study indicate that a. U.S. students scored above the international average in science. b. the United States ranked 14th among OECD countries in the percentage of 25 to 34-year-olds with a college education. c. the United States has the highest high school graduation rate. d. the United States ranks first in college completions.
a
Which of the following best describes the consequences of the U.S. system of decentralized funding? a. Local socioeconomic conditions impact the quality and amount of education. b. Cities are forced to share revenues to ensure equal opportunities. c. Districts in suburbs often have less funding because of the tax exemptions of their businesses. d. Racial diversity is maintained through neighborhood quotas.
a
Worldwide, 1 in 5 adults cannot read or write and of them are women. a. 2/3 b. 1/5 c. 90 percent d. 10 percent
a
20. Which of the following is primary assimilation? a. Racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinctiveness but respect each other and have equal access to social resources. b. Members of different groups are integrated in personal, intimate associations, as with friends, family, and spouses. c. Groups become integrated in public areas and in social institutions, such as neighborhoods, schools, and the workplace. d. A person adopts the culture of a group different from the one in which the person was originally raised.
b
The most common crime committed against students is a.aggravated assault. b.theft. c.robbery. d.rape.
b
13. The Jim Crow laws began to be overturned by American courts in the a. 1890s. b. 1920s. c. 1950s. d. 1990s.
c
Alternative certification programs allow people with 60 college hours to receive emergency certification to teach in elementary schools. a.require teachers to have a post-graduate degree before they can be fully certified to teach in high schools. b.allow college graduates with degrees in fields other than education to become certified to teach if they have"life experience" in industry, the military, or other relevant jobs. c.allow teachers helpers to earn college credits for supervised teaching experience.
c
According to your text, the relationship between race/ethnicity and educational achievement is largely due to the association between race/ethnicity and which of the following? a. IQ b. family structure c. drug use d. socioeconomic status
d
Critics of alternative certification programs argue that these programs a.increase social promotion. b.are too costly. c.increase segregation in the schools. d.may place unprepared teachers in the classroom.
d
Character education involves teaching appropriate manners for various careers. developing self-esteem. developing morals. building patriotism.
c
In 2011, the status dropout rate for 16-24 year olds was a. 2%. b.5%. c.7%. d.14%.
c
47. An estimated percent of U.S. workers are undocumented immigrants. a. 5.2 b. 15.4 c. 25.2 d. 35.4
A
refers to negative attitudes and feelings toward or about an entire category of people. a. Prejudice b. Discrimination c. Segregation d. Racism
A
39. America's open door policy on immigration, which allowed all immigrants to enter and become U.S. citizens, ended with a. the Chinese Exclusion Act, which suspended for 10 years entrance of the Chinese to the U.S. b. an immigration act which required all immigrants to pass a literacy test before entering the United States. c. the Johnson Act which introduced a limit on the number of immigrants who could enter the U.S. in a single year. d. an immigration act that excluded the Japanese from immigration.
B
45. Undocumented immigrants in the U.S. are most likely to have come from a. Asia. b. Mexico. c. other Latin American countries. d. Canada or Europe.
B
52. The system is a free online service that allows employers to check the legal status of their employees. a. ID Service b. E-Verify c. Document Check d. COYOTE
B
55. The Act that provides a pathway to legal status for the children of undocumented immigrants is the __________________Act. a. Undocumented Children b. DREAM c. Service to America d. Welfare
B
69. Aversive racism refers to a. feelings of hostility and hate against racial minorities. b. feelings of discomfort, unease, disgust, and sometimes fear toward racial minorities. c. negative stereotypes that minorities hold toward the white majority group. d. beliefs that some races are naturally superior to others.
B
74. Modern racists a. have more extreme beliefs in white superiority than traditional racists do. b. blame continuing racial inequality on minority group members themselves. c. place the responsibility for change and improvements on the larger society. d. acknowledge their negative racial feelings.
B
79. Suppose a Mexican-American family wants to rent an apartment in a predominantly white neighborhood. If the landlord is prejudiced against Latinos and does not allow the family to rent the apartment, that landlord has engaged in discrimination. a. institutional b. overt c. de jure d. adaptive
B
88. AntiMuslim and antiIslam bias is called a. Arabism. b. Islamophobia. c. jihad. d. the Christian bias.
B
89. College and university admissions policies that give preference to applicants who are children of alumni is a form of a. institutional discrimination against minorities. b. Affirmative Action that helps minority enrollment. c. reverse discrimination against whites. d. de jure segregation.
B
refer to college courses that critically examine how white skin preference has operated systematically and sometimes unconsciously as a dominant force in American society and culture. a. Multicultural education classes b. Whiteness studies c. Diversity training programs d. Affirmative racial studies
B
25. The "one drop of blood" rule specified that even one drop of a. white blood defined a person as white. b. Indian blood defined a person as Indian. c. "Negroid" blood defined a person as black. d. Mexican blood defined a person as Hispanic.
C
28. In 2010, non-Hispanic whites made up about percent of the U.S. population. a. 37 b. 45 c. 64 d. 85
C
35. The 1967 Supreme Court decision declared antimiscegenation laws unconstitutional. a. Roe v. Wade b. Black v. the United States c. Loving v. Virginia d. Brown v. Georgia
C
36. The percentage of U.S. adults who disapproved of marriage between blacks and whites between 1958 and 2002. a. increased slightly b. stayed the same c. decreased significantly d. decreased in the north but not in the south
C
37. According to a Gallup survey, U.S. adults said race relations will always be a problem. a. 1 in 60 b. two-thirds c. 4 in 10 d. only a few
C
26. In 1960, the U.S. Census recognized which of the following racial categories? a. black and white b. white, black, and Hispanic c. Native American and non-Native American d. white and non-white
D
27. Which of the following statements best describes the way our census has dealt with race in the past two centuries? a. Racial classifications have remained largely unchanged since the original census. b. Whereas the original census had a number of racial categories, the most recent census has only two. c. Race has never been a part of the U.S. census. d. Both the number and type of races available on the census has fluctuated throughout the years.
D
11. Which of the following is an example of de facto segregation? a. Jim Crow laws that prohibited blacks from using white buses, hotels, restaurants, etc. b. today's racially segregated neighborhoods in the United States c. segregated schools before the 1950s d. forcing Japanese into "evacuation camps" on the U.S. west coast during World War II.
a
12. Between 1890 and 1910, a series of U.S. laws were enacted to separate blacks from whites. These were the a. Jim Crow laws. b. Separate but Equal laws. c. apartheid regulations. d. melting pot restrictions.
a
6. Which of the following statements is true about race? a. There are clear guidelines for separating one race from another. b. The vast majority of variation in people is within-group variation. c. The major racial categories are the same throughout the world. d. Genetically pure races, although rare, do exist.
b
In sociological terminology, a minority group is a category of people who A. have less social status in society, because they are smaller in number. B. have unequal access to positions of power, prestige, and wealth and tend to be targets of prejudice and discrimination. C. comprise the small elite at the top of society who have most of the power, prestige, and wealth. D. are opposed to the values of the larger society and are viewed by the majority of people in society as a threat.
b
Race is a. not real and thus has no meaning. b. socially created. c. determined by objective, reliable, and meaningful physical criteria. d. based on scientifically valid reasons for selecting certain biological traits over others.
b
Research on bullying shows all of the following EXCEPT a.being bullied is associated with low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, running away, and suicide. b.the most common form of bullying is being threatened with harm. c.students who bully often perform poorly academically and have higher dropout rates. d.almost a quarter of public schools report that bullying occurs at least weekly.
b
The U.S. Supreme Court has recently ruled that public school systems a. should take into account the race or ethnicity of a student in order to achieve integrated schools. b. cannot seek to achieve or maintain integration through measures that take explicit account of a student's race. c. students have no right to their choice of schools; they must attend the school assigned to them by their district administrators. d. must use busing, if necessary, to achieve race and ethnic integration of their schools.
b
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states that no person shall be discriminated against on the basis of in any educational program receiving federal funds. a. age b. sex c. race d. national origin
b
Which term refers to the established relationship between severe disciplinary practices, increased rates of dropping out, low academic achievement, and court or juvenile detention involvement? a.bullying b.school-to-prison pipeline c.zero tolerance d.school time and jail time
b
23. The first U.S. census in 1790 divided the population into which four groups? a. white men, white women, white children, blacks b. Indians, white Christians, white non-Christians, blacks c. free white males, free white females, slaves, other persons d. criminals, immigrants, U.S. born citizens, and slaves
c
In 1833, Oberlin College in Ohio became the first college in the United States to admit women. At Oberlin, women students were a. given the same rights and responsibilities as male students. b. given the same rights as males except the women had to abide by curfews. c. required to wash male students' clothes, clean their rooms, and serve their meals. d. allowed to speak at public assemblies.
c
In 1965, Project Head Start began to help which of the following? a. gifted and talented students b. students with learning disabilities c. preschool children from disadvantaged families d. pregnant high school students
c
It is projected that by 2021, racial and ethnic minorities will comprise percent of the pre-kindergarten through 12th grade student population. a. 10%. b. 20%. c. 52%. d. 75%.
c
President Obama's "blueprint" for educational reform includes harsh penalties for failing a subject in elementary school. a strong emphasis on the privatization of schools. improving the quality of instruction. a return to neighborhood schools.
c
Project Head Start provided children from disadvantaged homes with an integrated program that included all of the following EXCEPT a. education. b. health care. c. after-school care. d. parental involvement.
c
The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when individuals a. are satisfied with their occupation. b. are satisfied with their family life. c. act in a manner consistent with the expectations of others. d. rebel against the demands of authority figures.
c
The term "organization child" refers to the child who a. spends more time in organizations than at home. b. is alienated from satisfying personal relationships. c. is most comfortable with supervision, guidance, and adult control. d. has no family and is reared in an institutional setting.
c
What has happened to the practice of grouping students by ability? a.There has been a recent increase in ability grouping. b.Grouping by ability has been abandoned because of the potential negative effects on selfesteem. c.Grouping by ability has not changed much in the last 100 years. d.Girls are more likely than boys to be put in different ability groups.
c
Compared to other school districts, low-income, high-minority school districts are more likely to a.have students who are taught by substitute teachers. b.assign teachers to areas outside their specialty. c.employ beginning teachers with less than 3 years of experience. d.all of these choices
d
21. In many sociology departments, African American, Latino, Asian and white faculty and graduate students work together. This integration illustrates a. acculturation. b. amalgamation. c. primary assimilation. d. secondary assimilation.
d
22. The first census in the U.S. contained categories. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
d
Between 2011 and 2012, the average cost of a college education a.went down due to new government subsidies. b.remained the same for in-state students but increased dramatically for out-of-state students. c.increased for white males but not for females and minority students. d.increased for both in-state and out-of-state students.
d
Which of the following is a function of the educational institution? a. socializing children into the dominant culture b. teaching children to obey authority c. sorting of individuals into various statuses d. all of these choices
d
Advocates of bilingual education claim that it results in which of the following? a. better academic performance of minority students b. lower rates of teacher turnover c. decreased school violence d. savings in tax dollars spent on education
a
Charter schools were designed to do which of the following? a.expand schooling options and increase the quality of education through competition b.provide educational opportunities to poor people in developing countries c.enable older adults to return to school while maintaining their full-time jobs d.end busing
a
Conflict theorists argue that the socialization function of education is to a. indoctrinate students into a capitalist ideology. b. teach students about cultural diversity. c. foster the value of equality in American society. d. reduce delinquency among American youth.
a
Critics of bilingual education argue all of the following EXCEPT a. bilingual education limits minority students outside of the classroom. b. it lowers the self-esteem of minority students. c. it reduces the English skills of minorities. d. it leads to hostility with other minorities.
a
No Child Left Behind a.was enacted by Congress in 2001. b.is a grant funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. c.was declared unconstitutional. d.provided for busing to achieve integration.
a
Proponents of voucher systems argue that vouchers a.increase the quality of all schools by creating competition. b.drain funds away from public schools. c.attract top students from public schools. d.increase segregation.
a
Teach for America recruits a.liberal arts graduates to teach in economically deprived and socially disadvantaged schools. b.mathematics graduates to teach in the public schools. c.science graduates to teach in rural schools. d.elementary education graduates to teach in developing countries.
a
When cultural imperialism exists, the norms, values, traditions, and languages of minorities are a. ignored in the school curriculum. b. integrated into the school curriculum along with aspects of the dominant culture. c. the predominant focus of the school curriculum. d. fostered by special classes, but not built into the mainstream classrooms
a
10. The 1830 Indian Removal Act called for the relocation of eastern tribes to land west of the Mississippi River. The forced relocation that resulted is an example of a. expulsion. b. colonialism. c. pluralism. d. amalgamation.
a
According to recent research the gap in mathematics achievement between boys and girls can BEST be explained by a. hardwiring in the brain. b. the level of gender equity in the society. c. how the students are treated by the teacher. d. bias in standardized tests.
a
Adult illiteracy is highest in a. Africa b.South America. c.Central America. d.Eastern Europe.
a
Advocates for using socioeconomic or income-based integration rather than race-based integration argue a. socioeconomic status more directly achieves the first aim of racial integration, raising the achievement of students. b. race has no bearing on academic achievement. c. the only way to achieve quality education for all racial and ethnic groups is to desegregate schools. d. attending a racially desegregated school negatively affects the academic achievement of white students.
a
Evaluations of the achievements of American students nationally show a. that reading and mathematics scores have increased for 9-year-olds and 13-year-olds since 1971. b. reading scores for fourth and eighth graders are decreasing. c. that they outperformed their foreign counterparts across the board. d. seventeen-year-old students are outperforming students of the past.
a
Learning in which the student and teacher are separated by time and/or place but connect through some communication technology is referred to as a.e-learning. b.virtual schooling. c.cyberclasses. d.high-tech classrooms.
a
The "integration hypothesis" advocated which of the following? a. desegregation of schools through busing b. increasing neighborhood diversity c. putting affirmative action into place d. eliminating private schools
a
The economic benefits of having a college degree compared to the cost is called the a. earnings premium. b. cost-benefit advantage. c. education bonus. d. educational elevation.
a
Which of the following statements best describes educational attainment? a. Although educational attainment has increased over time, racial disparities still exist. b. True equality has been obtained. c. Asian students face the most discrimination and have the lowest achievement. d. In comparison to Hispanics, whites perform less effectively at nearly every level.
a
Which statement is correct regarding the relationship between minority status and educational attainment? a. Although educational attainment has increased over time for all groups, racial and ethnic disparities remain. b. Minorities are now succeeding at a higher rate than white non-Hispanics. c. Minority students are falling further and further behind in educational attainment. d. Racial and ethnic minority students are now graduating at the same rate as white non-Hispanics.
a
Research has found that attending a desegregated school a. has positive effects on black and Hispanic achievement and negative effects on white achievement. b. has negative effects on black and Hispanic achievement and positive effects on white achievement. c. has positive effects on black and Hispanic achievement and no effect on white achievement. d. has positive effects on white achievement and no effect on black and Hispanic achievement
c
All of the following were found in the study of children who were randomly selected and identified as "spurters" of superior intelligence and academic ability EXCEPT a. the students identified as spurters scored higher on IQ tests. b. the students identified as spurters made higher grades in the class. c. the teachers rated the students identified as spurters as more likely to succeed. d. the teachers rated the students identified as spurters as less happy and less likely to interact with their peers.
d
Conflict theorists argue education is a mechanism for cultural imperialism, which means a. the spread of cultural norms and values from one society to another. b. the cultural development and progress that results from technology. c. the preservation of historical cultural artifacts. d. indoctrination into the dominant culture of a society.
d
In a classic study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968), researchers randomly chose five elementary school students and identified them to their teachers as "spurters," implying that the students had superior intelligence and academic ability. In reality, they were no different from the other students in the classes, yet at the end of the school year, the students scored high on IQ tests and achieved high grades. This illustrates a. the integration hypothesis. b. cultural imperialism. c. social promotion. d. the self-fulfilling prophecy.
d
Males are more likely than females to a. have learning disabilities. b. drop out or be expelled from school. c. be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. d. all of these choices
d
Status dropout rates refers to the percentage of a.elementary school students who drop out of school in a 6 month period. b.high school students who drop out each year. c.students who drop out within 4 years of the time they enter high school. d.16- to 24-year-olds that are not in school and have not earned a high school degree or its equivalent.
d
Students in middle and upper income families are a. less likely to graduate from college. b. less likely to graduate from high school. c. less likely to enroll in advanced mathematics classes. d. more likely to attend college
d
The concept of race refers to a category of people who a. have different nationality and cultural heritage than most of the people in a society. b. have biologically based differences in intelligence and personality characteristics. c. are distinguished by blood type as well as physical appearance. d. are believed to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant.
d
Title IX sought to do all of the following EXCEPT a. make more funds available for female athletic programs. b. end discrimination in granting admission to college. c. end discrimination in awarding financial aid. d. make common rules in dorms and other campus locations for men and women.
d
What portion of the world's illiterate are women? a. 1/4 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 2/3
d