smartbook 2

which of the following statements correctly described the formation of binary ionic compounds? select all that apply -a binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal -a binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations -the metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms -a binary ionic compound forms by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals

-a binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal -a binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations -the metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms

which of the following statements correctly describes isotopes?select all that apply - isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same mass -isotopes have different numbers of neutrons -isotopes of the same element have the same element symbols -isotopes have similar chemical properties -isotopes have different number of protons

-isotopes have different numbers of neutrons -isotopes of the same element have the same element symbols -isotopes have similar chemical properties

a particular isotope of an element is represented by the symbol 36(17)Cl. the mass number of this isotope is equal to _____, and this number represents the total number of protons plus ______ in the nucleus. the atomic number of this isotope is equal to ____, and this number represents the number of _____ in the nucleus

36 ; neutrons ; protons

identify what each letter represents in AZX notation

A : mass number, the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus Z : atomic number, the number of protons in the nucleus X : atomic symbol, the element symbol found on the periodic table

isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same ____ number but a different _____ number. this is because isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of _____

atomic ; mass ; neutrons

when naming a binary covalent compound, the number of ____ of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical _____. the first element in the name is numbered only when more than ____ atom of that element is present.

atoms ; prefix ; one

is carbon + bromine covalent or ionic?

covalent

is nitrogen + hydrogen covalent or ionic?

covalent

is sulfur + oxygen covalent or ionic?

covalent

two atoms may bond by sharing electrons. this type of bond is called a(n) ______ bond

covalent

how many roman numerals would be used when writing Zn2+?

none

an atom is composed of a very dense central ____ containing ____, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which have _____ electrical charge

nucleus ; protons ; no

the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic ______. the vertical columns of the table are called ____ or families and the horizontal rows are called ____

number ; groups ; periods

an ionic compound is formed when ions of the _____ charge attract. an ionic compound is _____ overall even though it contains charged particles; therefore it must contain equal numbers of positive and negative _____

opposite ; neutral ; charges

a unit that contains two or more atoms covalently bonded together but that has an overall charge is called a(n) _____ ion. many ____ compounds contain such units

polyatomic ; ionic

how many roman numerals would be used when writing Cu+?

(I)

how many roman numerals would be used when writing Cr2+?

(II)

how many roman numerals would be used when writing Fe3+?

(III)

the atomic mass unit is defined as _____

1/12 the mass of the carbon 12 atom

what is the charge of the monatomic cation usually formed by Cd?

2+

what is the charge of the monatomic cation usually formed by Zn?

2+

how many electrons are present in the ion 79(34)S-2

36

give the correct formula mass for Fe(ClO4)2

55.85 + 2(35.45) + 8(16.00)

anions charge is calculated by subtracting ___ from the A group number

8

which of the following are elements? select all that apply -Cu -Ne -NaCl -H2O

Cu ; Na

name OH-

Hydroxide

which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are written correctly? Mg3(PO4)2 CaCO3 Na(OH) NaNO3 KSO4

Mg3(PO4)2 ; CaCO3 ; NaNO3

correctly describe the procedure used to predict the ion formed by a main group element

a metal loses enough electrons to attain the same number as its nearest noble gas

define a molecule

a molecule is an independent structure consisting of two or more atoms covalently bonded together

a molecule is an independent structure compound of two or more atoms chemically _____ together. a molecule composed of two atoms of the same element is called a(n) _____ molecule

bonded ; diatomic

define a mixture

consists of two or more substances physically combined

a compound consists of two or more different _____ that are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions. a compound can be broken down into simpler substances, a process that involved a(n) _____ change

elements ; chemical

in a given chemical compound, the component ______ are present in ____ proportions by mass, regardless of the source of the compound

elements ; fixed

which of the following nonmetals exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature? select all that apply -fluorine -carbon -phosphorous -nitrogen -oxygen

fluorine, nitrogen, oxygen

formula and molecular masses are calculated using the chemical _____ of the relevant compound and atomic masses obtained from the ______ table. the ____ of the atomic masses in the correct proportions gives the formula or molecular mass of the compound

formula ; periodic ; sum

where are noble gases located?

group 8A

how many electrons does K commonly lose or gain when forming an ion?

loses 1

how many electrons does Ca commonly lose OR gain when forming an ion?

loses 2

lithium bromide (LiBr) is an ionic compound. the metal lithium _____ an electron to form the cation Li+ and the nonmetal bromine _____ an electron to form the anion Br-. the ions are held together by a strong _____ attraction in a 3D array called a crystal lattice

loses; gains ; ionic

is Ca a nonmetal, transition metal, main group metal or metalloid?

main group metal

the ____ number of an atom is equal to the sum of the protons and ____ is the nucleus of the atoms

mass ; neutrons

is Si a nonmetal, transition metal, main group metal or metalloid?

metalloid

what is the common name of CH4?

methane

the charge of an ion with more electrons than its neutral atom is ______

negative

define an electron

negatively charged particle

name NO-3

nitrate

name NO-2

nitrite

name NO2

nitrogen dioxide

is S a nonmetal, transition metal, main group metal or metalloid?

non metal

name PO3-(4)

phosphate

the charge of an ion with fewer electrons than its neutral atom is ____

positive

define a proton

positively charged particle found within the center of the atom

which of the following options are correct names for ionic compounds? select all that apply -potassium chloride -sodium (I) bromide -copper (II) oxide -chromium sulfide -calcium difluoride

potassium chloride & copper (II) oxide

covalent compounds form when elements _____ electrons, which usually occurs between _____. a covalent compound is electrically neutral and is composed of individual units called ____

share ; nonmetals ; molecules

define an element

simplest substance that contains only one type of atom

define a nucelus

small region that contains almost all of the mass of an atom

the compound MgS is correctly named magnesium _____

sulfide

Greek numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present in a covalent compound. four atoms of the same element will be named with the prefix _____, while the prefix _____ is used to indicate two atoms of the same element

tetra ; di

define the atomic mass of an element

the average of the masses of the natural isotopes of the element, according to their abundance

is Cu a nonmetal, transition metal, main group metal or metalloid?

transition metal

true or false : after the completion of a chemical reaction the number of substances may have changed but the amount of matter would remain constant

true

a mixture contains _____ or more different substances. a mixture is NOT a pure substance and its components can be separated by ____ means

two ; physical

what is the common name of H2O?

water

what is the charge of the monatomic cation usually formed by Ag?

1+

which of the following options correctly describe how to calculate a molecule or formula mass for a compound? select all that apply -in a formula such as N2O the atomic masses of both elements should be multiplied by 2 -the atomic mass of a cation or anion is practically the same as the mass of the neutral element -in a formula such as Ca(NO3)2, all the numbers of atoms inside the parentheses must be multiplied by 2 because of the subscript 2 -the formula/molecular mass is given by the sum of the masses of the component elements in the correct proportions

-the atomic mass of a cation or anion is practically the same as the mass of the neutral element -in a formula such as Ca(NO3)2, all the numbers of atoms inside the parentheses must be multiplied by 2 because of the subscript 2 -the formula/molecular mass is given by the sum of the masses of the component elements in the correct proportions

which of the following options correctly describe how to name an ionic compound? select all that apply -the ion with the higher charge is always named first -Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present -for a monatomic cation, the element name is changed to end in -ide -the cation is named first and the anion second -for a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide

-the cation is named first and the anion second -for a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide

which of the following options describe the correct format used to represent an ionic compound? select all that apply -the number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript -in the formula of an ionic compound the cation is always placed first -subscripts in the formula for an ionic compound are usually reduced to the simplest ratio -a subscript refers to the element following it -charges must be specially written in the formula for an ionic compound

-the number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript -in the formula of an ionic compound the cation is always placed first -subscripts in the formula for an ionic compound are usually reduced to the simplest ratio

which of the following options correctly describe how to name a binary covalent compound? select all that apply -the second element is named with its root and suffix -ide -the name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate -a Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound, except mono- is never used with the first element -the element with the higher group number is first in the formula and name -if only one atom of an element is present, the prefix mon- or mono- is always used

-the second element is named with its root and suffix -ide -the name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate -a Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound, except mono- is never used with the first element

main group cations charge equals the _____ number

A group

what is the correct symbol for the oxide anion, which has a charge of -27?

O2-

the compound Cu2O is correctly named ______

copper (i) oxide

define a compound

a substance consisting of chemically combined atoms from two or more elements

what is the common name of NH3?

ammonia

name NH+4

ammonium

which of the following statements correctly describe an element? select all that apply - an element consists of only one kind of atom - an element can be broken down into simpler substances - the properties of an atom of a specific element depend on the sources of that element - an element may consists of two or more of the same atoms bonded together -an element cannot contain bonded atoms

an element consists of only one kind of atom ; an element may consists of two or more of the same atoms bonded together

characteristics of metalloids

an element has properties between those of metals and nonmetals

characteristics of metals

an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity, has a shiny surface, is malleable and ductile

characteristics of nonmetals

an element that is generally a gas or a dull brittle solid at room temperature, and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

define cation

an ion with fewer electrons that its natural atom

define anion

an ion with more electrons than its natural atom

most elements occur in compounds combined with other elements by forming chemical ____, which are formed by the interaction of the _____ of the atoms involved

bonds ; electrons

the atomic mass unit is a standardized unit defined as exactly 1/12 the mass of a(n) _______ 12 atom. the atomic mass (weight) of any element is determined relative to this standard and is not a whole number, since it is a(n) ____ of the masses of its naturally occurring isotope

carbon ; average

which of the following options correctly describes the arrangement of the periodic table? select all that apply -elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass -elements in the same group have similar chemical properties -the horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods -the elements in the upper right portion of the periodic table are nonmetals

elements in the same group have similar chemical properties ; the horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods ; the elements in the upper right portion of the periodic table are nonmetals

how many electrons does F commonly lose OR gain when forming an ion?

gains 1

how many electrons does S commonly lose OR gain when forming an ion?

gains 2

where are the alkali metals located?

group 1A

where are the alkaline earth metals located?

group 2A

where are the halogens located?

group 7A

an ionic bond is stronger for ions with _____ charges and ____ size

higher ; smaller

is calcium + oxygen covalent or ionic?

ionic

is iron + sulfur covalent or ionic?

ionic

is sodium + chlorine covalent or ionic?

ionic

the formula is a(n) _____ compound represents the simplest ratio of the relative numbers of cations and anions present. the ratio is called the formula _____ of the compound

ionic ; unit

which of the following statements correctly describe the bonding in NaCl, which is an ionic compound? select all that apply -the attraction between the oppositely charge ions is called the ionic bond -Cl loses an electron to form the anion Cl- -Na+ and Cl- ions share electrons to form a stable compound -ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal -Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+

the attraction between the oppositely charge ions is called the ionic bond ; ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal ; Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+

which of the following statements correctly defines the atomic mass of an element? only select one - the sum of the masses of the isotopes of an element - the average number of neutrons is the natural isotopes of an element - the average of the masses of the natural isotopes of the element, according to their abundance - the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom of the element

the average of the masses of the natural isotopes of the element, according to their abundance

a particular isotope of an element is represented by the symbol 15(7)N. which of the following options correctly interpret this symbol? select all that apply -the element contains 7 protons in its nucleus -the element contains 8 neutrons in its nucleus -the element has 15 electrons -the atomic number of the element is 15

the element contains 7 protons in its nucleus ; the element contains 8 neutrons in its nucleus

analysis of a sample of the mineral fluorite shows that 2.76 g of fluorite contains 1.42 g of Ca. the only other element present is F. which of the following options correctly describes fluorite, which is a pure substance? select all that apply -the mass fraction of Ca in any sample of fluorite is given by 1.42/2.76 -there will be a 6.20 g of Ca in a 7.62 g sample of fluorite -a different sample of fluorite will contain a different proportion of Ca -this sample of fluorite contains 1.34 g of F

the mass fraction of Ca in any sample of fluorite is given by 1.42/2.76 ; this sample of fluorite contains 1.34 g of F

which of the following options correctly describe the mass number of an element? select all that apply -the mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus -the mass number of an element is given by the symbol A -the mass number is often written as a left subscript next to the atomic symbol -in a neutral atom, the mass number equals the number of electrons in the atom -the mass number of a particular element never varies

the mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus ; the mass number of an element is given by the symbol A ; the mass number is often written as a left subscript next to the atomic symbol

define a neutron

uncharge dense particle located in the center of an atom