Ch 8 - Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
self-image hypothesis
idea that memory is enhanced for events that occur as a person's life identity forms
cognitive hypothesis
idea that periods of rapid change followed by stability cause stronger encoding memories
cultural life script hypothesis
idea that personal events are easier to recall when they are standard in a society
narrative rehearsal hypothesis
idea that we remember some life events better because we practice them
constructive nature of memory
idea that what people recall is based on what actually happened plus additional factors
misleading postevent information (MPI)
inaccurate data presented after a person witnesses something
post-identification feedback effect
increase in confidence of memory recall due to confirming information
repeated recall
memory tested immediately after an event and then retested at various times after the event
nostalgia
memory that involves a sentimental affection for the past
repeated reproduction
method in which a person is asked to remember something on multiple occasions
source misattribution
misidentification of the origin of a memory
youth bias
perception that the most notable public events in a person's life occur when the person is young
schema
person's knowledge about what is involved in a particular experience
cognitive interview
procedure used for talking to crime scene witnesses that involves letting witnesses talk without interruption
source monitoring
process by which people determine the origins of memories, knowledge, or beliefs
pragmatic inference
process that occurs when reading a statement leads a person to expect something not explicitly stated
music-enhanced autobiographical memories
recall for specific events from a person's life elicited by hearing music
autobiographical memory
recall for specific events from a person's life, which can include both episodic and semantic components
flashbulb memory
recall for the circumstances surrounding hearing about shocking, highly charged events
repressed childhood memory
recollection that has been pushed out of a person's consciousness
highly superior autobiographical memory
capacity possessed by some people to remember personal experiences that occurred on any specific day from their past
cultural life script
collection of personal events that commonly occur at a particular time in a particular society
misinformation effect
concept that inaccurate data presented after a person witnesses something changes how the person later describes it
fluency
ease with which a statement can be remembered
reminiscence bump
enhanced memory for events from adolescence and young adulthood found in people older than 40
illusory truth effect
enhanced probability of evaluating a statement as being genuine upon repeated presentation
eyewitness testimony
statement given by a person who has seen a crime take place
amygdala
subcortical structure involved in processing emotional aspects of experience, including memory for emotional events
weapons focus
tendency for eyewitnesses to a crime to focus attention on the instrument used for harm
script
type of schema
cryptomnesia
unconscious plagiarism of the work of others
