Ch. 8 Review Quiz

The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?

eukaryotes

A student put together the experimental setup shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not the solute shown. #32 Review Quiz Ch. 8 Predict Look at Figure 7-10. Describe the movement of water in the experimental setup. What will happen to the concentration of water over time?

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All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes?

Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.

Scientists estimate that humans contain over 37 trillion cells. Among these cells are more than 200 different cell types that have different structures, sizes, shapes, and functions. The table shows just a few different types of cells in the human body, their functions, and their average volumes. See Table in #22 Ch. 8 Review Quiz Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. In terms of volume, how does the size of a red blood cell compare to the size of an enterocyte?

A red blood cell is 93% smaller than an enterocyte.

Includes endocytosis and exocytosis

Active transport

Particles move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Active transport

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

All cells are produced from existing cells.

The organelles in eukaryotic cells may have evolved through several different processes as pictured in the diagram below. nar007-1.jpg #26 Ch. 8 Review Quiz What evolutionary process is occurring in the fourth representation of the cell?

Endosymbiosis Foot Note: At Point C, the aerobic bacteria is being engulfed by the original cell. The aerobic bacteria formed a symbiotic relationship with the larger cell in which both benefited and gained a selective advantage. The engulfed bacteria is now called the mitochondrion. The nucleus was probably formed by invagination due to the similarities between the cell and nuclear membrane.

Kate and Sam are researching photosynthesis in algae. They are deciding whether to purchase a light microscope or a scanning electron microscope for their research. Match each criterion and trade-off to the correct type of microscope. Can observe living algae

Light Microscope

Kate and Sam are researching photosynthesis in algae. They are deciding whether to purchase a light microscope or a scanning electron microscope for their research. Match each criterion and trade-off to the correct type of microscope. Is the less expensive option

Light Microscope

The table below outlines the differences between six organelles. Three of the six organelles are part of the endomembrane system. Using the data below, justify the exclusion of the mitochondria from the endomembrane system. See Table #27 Ch. 8 Review Quiz

The double membrane separates the mitochondria from all other organelles Footnote: The endomembrane system of organelles is a related system of structures that have a similar single layered structure but different functions.

The illustration shows a model of the transport of solute particles from outside the cell to inside the cell. https://chaminade-stl.instructure.com/courses/1339/files/711906/preview

The model illustrates active transport because energy is required for solute particles to cross the cell membrane.

The model shows a substance crossing a cell membrane. https://chaminade-stl.instructure.com/courses/1339/files/711901/preview

The model shows the process of diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Microscopes can be used to explore cells. Which of the following types of microscopes is used to produce a three-dimensional image of the surface of a cell?

scanning electron microscope

Which organelles allow plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers?

the vacuoles because they are filled with fluid, which provide rigidity

A student put together the experimental setup shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not the solute shown. Figure 7-10 #31 Ch. 8 Review Quiz Compare and Contrast How does the solution on Side A of the apparatus shown in Figure 7-10 differ from the solution on Side B?

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A student put together the experimental setup shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not the solute shown. See #33 Ch. 8 Review Quiz Predict What will the apparatus shown in Figure 7-10 look like when equilibrium is reached?

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A student put together the experimental setup shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not the solute shown. See Figure 7-10 #30 Ch. 8 Review Quiz Interpret Visuals Describe the experimental setup shown in Figure 7-10.

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It took a great deal of time on a geological scale for organisms to evolve from the prokaryotic cellular level to eukaryotes, but once this occurred evolution of eukaryotes proceeded very rapidly. A) Discuss the theories of how eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes. Include the concept and evidence of endosymbiosis. B) Discuss possible reasons why eukaryotes were able to diversify into so many different forms once they evolved.

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Mature mammalian red blood cells, called erythrocytes, have no nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. The large amount of hemoglobin allows the red blood cells to carry the large amount of oxygen cells need for the high rate of metabolism in mammals. Erythrocytes have a biconcave shape, meaning they are thinner in their center than along their edges as shown in the model. Most other types of cells have the ability to replace damaged molecules and organelles. Red blood cells have a reduced capacity for repair and thus only survive for about four months. Construct an explanation based on the structure of red blood cells for why red blood cells are unable to repair damaged proteins.

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Scientists estimate that humans contain over 37 trillion cells. Among these cells are more than 200 different cell types that have different structures, sizes, shapes, and functions. The table shows just a few different types of cells in the human body, their functions, and their average volumes. See Table #23 Ch. 8 Review Quiz Red blood cells are found in the blood as part of the circulatory system. Blood flows through arteries, veins, and narrow capillaries. Fat cells are located in adipose tissues in the body. Fat cells are generally located under the skin and around some organs. Use the information in the table to construct an explanation for why fat cells are so much larger than red blood cells.

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The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. This means that everything a living organism needs to do to maintain life is done at the cellular level. List the major characteristics of life and describe the cell organelle or cell process that is responsible for each characteristic.

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Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Mature mammalian red blood cells, called erythrocytes, have no nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. The large amount of hemoglobin allows the red blood cells to carry the large amount of oxygen cells need for the high rate of metabolism in mammals. Erythrocytes have a biconcave shape, meaning they are thinner in their center than along their edges as shown in the model. Based on the structure of erythrocytes, how do red blood cells help to maintain homeostasis in mammalian organisms?

Oxygen diffuses into and out of red blood cells to maintain homeostasis. The biconcave shape of erythrocytes provides an increased surface area on the cells for diffusion to occur.

Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Passive transport

A number of organelles allow the cell to produce and distribute proteins. Rearrange the statements below to show the correct sequence of how cells produce and distribute proteins in eukaryotic cells. Place the first step on the left.

Proteins are modified on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins are modified, sorted, and packaged in the Golgi apparatus.

Scientists estimate that humans contain over 37 trillion cells. Among these cells are more than 200 different cell types that have different structures, sizes, shapes, and functions. The table shows just a few different types of cells in the human body, their functions, and their average volumes. See Table #24 Ch. 8 Review Quiz The circulatory system is an organ system in the body that helps maintain homeostasis by transporting oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body and removes wastes from tissues. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Based on the information in the table, which types of cells are present in tissues that comprise the organs of the circulatory system? Select all that apply.

Red blood cells are part of the circulatory system because they are in the blood and transport oxygen throughout the body through veins, capillaries, and arteries. Cardiomyocytes are part of the circulatory system because they are muscle cells found in the heart, which pumps blood throughout the body.

A number of scientists made contributions to cell theory. Which scientist was the first to use a light microscope to observe cells in a slice of cork?

Robert Hooke

Kate and Sam are researching photosynthesis in algae. They are deciding whether to purchase a light microscope or a scanning electron microscope for their research. Match each criterion and trade-off to the correct type of microscope. Forms images of the surfaces of cells, not the interior

Scanning Electron Microscope

Kate and Sam are researching photosynthesis in algae. They are deciding whether to purchase a light microscope or a scanning electron microscope for their research. Match each criterion and trade-off to the correct type of microscope. Has the higher magnification power

Scanning Electron Microscope

Kate and Sam are researching photosynthesis in algae. They are deciding whether to purchase a light microscope or a scanning electron microscope for their research. Match each criterion and trade-off to the correct type of microscope. Requires placing algae cells in a vacuum

Scanning Electron Microscope

Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?

The organs in an organ system work together to perform a specific function.

Chlamydomonas is a genus of single-celled photosynthetic algae. Which of the following is NOT a way that chlamydomonas maintains homeostasis?

The reproductive system of chlamydomonas contains specialized cells that enable the organism to reproduce both sexually and asexually.

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?

Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

Mature mammalian red blood cells, called erythrocytes, have no nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. The large amount of hemoglobin allows the red blood cells to carry the large amount of oxygen cells need for the high rate of metabolism in mammals. Erythrocytes have a biconcave shape, meaning they are thinner in their center than along their edges as shown in the model. White blood cells, called leukocytes, are very different in structure and function than red blood cells. White blood cells help fight infections, parasites, and bacteria. They do this by engulfing pathogens and synthesizing antibodies. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells can reproduce. Which organelles in white blood cells allow them to complete their functions? Select all that apply.

White blood cells have a rough endoplasmic reticulum so that large molecules, such as antibodies, can be synthesized. White blood cells have a nucleus to store the coded instructions for reproducing and synthesizing important molecules.

Requires cellular energy

active transport

Like animals, plants contain a hierarchical organization of interacting systems. Which of the following is an example of an organ in a plant?

leaf

Which of the following structures are typically present in both plant and animal cells?

mitochondria

Order the images so that they are arranged from the least complex level on top to the most complex level on the bottom.

muscle cell smooth muscle tissue stomach digestive system

Does not use cellular energy

passive transport

The cell is __________ because it ___________.

prokaryotic, does not contain a nucleus