Ch. 8 Science 1102
Which of the following populations will most likely be stable over time?
a population with an approximately equal number of individuals who are elderly and who are of pre-reproductive and reproductive age
As a result of China's one child policy, its age structure in the next 40 to 50 years will look like _______.
an inverted pyramid
Which of the following was a factor in helping to reduce total fertility rate of developed countries in the recent past?
better medical care
The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain is the _______.
carrying capacity
Studies have shown that family planning programs _______.
have been very effective at lowering TFR and population growth rates
As a result of the one child policy, the sex ratio in China _______.
is skewed toward more males causing a slowing in population growth
The natural rate of population change _______.
is the rate of population change due to births and deaths
Which of the following are the three principal effects of a human population that determine its impact on the environment (the IPAT model)?
population, affluence, technology
The population policies of most nations are based on the Cornucopian view held by many economists. These policies operate on the idea that _______.
populations should continue to grow since the depletion of resources by greater numbers of people is not a problem because resources can be replaced by others when depleted
According to demographer Frank Notestein, nations that are _____ will tend to have high birth rates and death rates while nations that are _____ will tend to have low birth rates and death rates.
pre-industrialized; industrialized
According to the demographic transition model of populations, over time _______.
rapid population growth is a short-term phenomenon between the drop in death rate and the drop in birth rate in a population
Of the following, which provide the most complete picture of whether a population of humans grows, shrinks, or remains stable?
rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration
What does the S term represent, and how does it alter the Impact component in the IPAT model used to evaluate the total impact of human populations on the environment?
sensitivity, to denote how sensitive a given environment is to these pressures causing more damage for sensitive habitats
For the foreseeable future, which types of countries will see the greatest increases in population number?
the countries that are poorest and least able to support population growth
An ecological deficit will occur when _______.
the ecological footprint is greater than biocapacity
If a country has a growth rate of 2%, how long will it take to double its population?
35 Years
Which of these is a proper pairing of a characteristic and population growth?
Countries with low per capita income (poor countries) have high population growth rates.
Which of the following statements about Earth's carrying capacity for humans is true?
Humans have a carrying capacity like all other species, although we can develop technology to help us overcome some of the limits that we would otherwise face.
In 1900, there were approximately 1.75 billion humans on Earth; in 1950, there were approximately 2.3 billion; in the year 2025, approximately 8 billion people will inhabit the biosphere. In the time period between 1900 and 2025, what has happened to the human population?
The intervals between population doublings are decreasing.
Which of the following statements about Europe's natural rate of population change in 2009 is true?
It has been slightly negative.
Which of the following effects on population accompanies the change from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy?
Population growth rate slows.
Which of these statements about the growth of the human population is true?
The rate at which the population has been growing has slowed in the past 50 years, but the human population is still getting larger.
Given a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1, which statement is a correct description of this value?
The value means that the average male and female in the population will be replaced by two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring.
Why are diseases such as AIDS, which reduce population density, undermining the ability of developing countries to make the transition to more modern, industrialized societies?
They are causing "demographic fatigue," which leaves these countries without a professional class.
The cumulative amount of land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of the waste that is produced is called the _______.
ecological footprint