CH 9 MASTERING - BIOTECHNOLOGY & DNA TECHNOLOGY
Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order? 1) Incubate at 94C to denature DNA strands 2) Incubate at 72C for DNA synthesis 3) Incubate at 60C for primer hybridization
1,3,2
Which of the following best describes how recombinant DNA technology currently helps patients who do NOT produce adequate amounts of growth hormone (hGH) - a condition that otherwise leads to stunted growth?
Bacteria now produce hGH
In the figure, the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media containing ampicillin and X-gal will
form white, ampicillin-resistant colonies.
Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a
vector
Arrange the following steps from a typical genetic modification procedure into their correct sequence.
1. Isolate bacterial plasmid 2. Select gene of interest + insert into plasmid 3. Plasmid taken up by bacterium 4. Bacteria replicate 5. Protein product harvested from bacteria AND cloned gene harvested from bacteria
In the figure, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece containing the entire ampicillin-resistance (amp) gene?
1.50 kbp
How many pieces with EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in the figure?
2
What is the temperature used for the extension step?
72C
What is the sequence of the temperatures of a typical PCR reaction?
94C, 60C, 72C
Which of the following best describes a clone in the context of genetic modification procedures?
A culture of genetically identical cells
Which of the following best describes why a vector is used in genetic modification procedures?
Cells usually won't copy an isolated gene sequence
Which of the following attaches the target gene to a desired location?
DNA ligase
Foreign DNA can be inserted into cells using a variety of different methods. Which method involves the formation of microscopic pores in the cell's membrane?
Electroporation
Which enzyme would cut this strand of DNA? GCATGGATCCCAATGC
Enzyme Recognition BamHI G GATCC CCCTAG ^ g
Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.
False
Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell?
It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.
You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is
PCR
Recombinant DNA techniques typically involve generating a clone. Why?
Producing a clone generates many copies of the gene of interest
Which of the following is an application that uses PCR?
Sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism
How do the strands separate during PCR?
The high heat of the denaturation step breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands.
A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is
Thermus aquaticus
What is a thermocycler?
The machine that controls the heat of the reaction, cycling between the different temperatures of the different steps during PCR
Which statement best describes restriction enzymes?
They are important for cloning applications because they can be used to cut out DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
What is the end goal of PCR?
To quickly increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence
Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in the figure into E.coli?
Transformation
Which of the following processes is not involved in making cDNA?
Translation
One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E.coli.
True
Why is baker's yeast useful for expressing genetically engineered genes?
Yeast cells are eukaryotic and so would likely be successful in expressing eukaryotic genes.
A restriction fragment is
a segment of DNA
In the figure, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are
ampR and lacZ
Restriction enzymes function as
bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA
A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a
clone
An advantage of using Saccharomyces cerevisiae over Escherichia coli to produce a human protein is that
it will be more likely to continuously secrete the protein.
An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it
lacks introns
While ______ is/are responsible for the diversity of life, ________ is/are responsible for shaping a population with organisms possessing characteristics that enhance survival.
mutations; selections
The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to
prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.
Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is called
site-directed mutagenesis
PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because
the DNA primer is specific to particular target DNA sequences.