Ch. 9 Questions

_________ parents are strict and express little warmth.

authoritarian

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

avoidant

Developmental psychology takes the approach that ________.

both nature and nurture influence how we develop

Most children sit up by themselves around 7 months of age. This is an example of a __________.

developmental milestone

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

A child in the preoperational stage will probably display __________.

egocentrism

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

formal operational

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

The _______ approach to development includes trying to determine norms (or average ages) of when most children reach certain milestones.

normative

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Older adults tend to have fewer friends but the relationships are just as close if not closer than relationships from earlier in development. This idea is referred to as ___________.

socioemotional selectivity theory

A child's ___________ may influence the kind of parenting they receive, which is an example of a gene-environment interaction.

temperament

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage to an embryo or fetus.

teratogen

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

An important shift in the adolescent period is ___________.

the increasing importance of the peer group and less time spent with parents

Jenna bases all her moral decisions on trying to avoid being punished; she does not care about whether things are right or wrong. Kohlberg would say that she is in the ________ stage of moral development.

pre-conventional

Freud's theory of development includes stages of _________ development.

psychosexual

______ modified Freud's theory of development and focused more on social development.

Erikson

________'s studies of monkeys showed that there is more to the mother-child bond than nourishment.

Harlow