CH 9 Smartbook

If a person suffers from alcohol-related fatty liver, the liver uses stored fatty acids for energy when ______.

alcohol input ceases

Identify a symptom of Wernicke's disease, which is an alcohol-related organic brain disease.

ataxia

Optimal treatment of patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome during the early stages involves the administration of a(n) _____.

benzodiazepine

Which of the following is a negative consequence of Prohibition?

buying and selling of alcohol illegally

Identify a consequence of alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver.

decreased ability of the liver to function

Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with alcoholic ______, which is a global decline of intellect.

dementia

Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality.

depressed passive impulsive

In the context of the disease model of alcohol dependence, a consequence of defining alcohol dependence as a primary disease is that _____.

drinking itself should be recognized as a problem

In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed legislation requiring states to reduce the blood alcohol concentration for driving under the influence, or DUI, conviction from 0.10 to _____.

0.08

In 1988, the final state raised its minimum drinking age, making ______ the uniform drinking age all across the United States.

21

Today's standard product from many large commercial distilleries is ______.

95 percent pure ethyl alcohol

Which of the following statements is true of the behavioral effects of alcohol?

A higher blood alcohol concentration is needed to impair the performance of a chronic, heavy drinker than that of a moderate drinker.

Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an ______.

inability to remember recent events or to learn new information

Alcohol dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system, and this ______.

increases heat loss from a drinker's body

Through the writings indicating a negative view of alcohol, Benjamin Rush ______.

introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance

Nausea and upset stomach are symptoms of a hangover due to alcohol consumption because alcohol ______.

is a gastric irritant

Identify a true statement about patients with alcoholic dementia, which is an organic brain syndrome caused due to alcohol toxicity.

they suffer from impaired problem solving

____ is a process in which the solution containing alcohol is heated, and the vapors are collected and condensed into liquid form again.

Distillation

True or false: According to a study on the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior, men are less likely to be aroused by violent, erotic films after consuming alcohol.

False

True or false: The culture of extreme drinking correlates well with overall alcohol consumption.

False

True or false: The personality factors of a drinker reflect the preexisting abnormalities that caused the problem drinking rather than the years of intoxication and the critical events that led to the decision to enter treatment.

False

Identify a true statement about fatty liver, which is a condition caused by alcohol.

Fatty acid droplets increase in size until they rupture the cell membrane, causing death of the liver cells.

______ forms the basis for all alcoholic beverages.

Fermentation

____ are added with yeast to give beer its distinctive, pungent flavor.

Hops

______ is made by adding barley malt to other cereal grains, such as ground corn or rice.

Beer

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic.

It has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled.

Identify a true statement about alcoholic hepatitis, which is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake.

It occurs in areas of the liver where cells are dead and dying.

Identify true statements about the impact of prohibition.

It reduced overall alcohol intake. It led to a decrease in the rates of alcohol-related deaths at the beginning.

Identify a true statement about the Association Against Prohibition, which was formed in 1926.

Its major hope was that income taxes could be reduced.

Identify a finding of surveys that studied the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior.

People are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date.

Identify a true statement about the relationship between behavioral effects of alcohol and blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

The rate at which BAC rises is a factor in determining behavioral effects.

Identify a true statement about the distillation process to obtain alcohol.

There is a higher percentage of alcohol in the distillate than there was in the original solution.

Identify a true statement about grain neutral spirits, which contain relatively pure alcohol.

They are essentially tasteless.

Identify a true statement about French champagnes.

They are naturally carbonated sparkling wines.

Identify a true statement about congeners.

They are present only in small amounts in the liquor.

Identify a true statement about liqueurs, or cordials.

They are similar in some ways to fortified wines.

In the primary metabolic system, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to _____.

acetaldehyde

During the process of fermentation, yeast recombines the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of sugar into ethyl alcohol and ______.

carbon dioxide

When alcohol is formed during distillation, other alcohols and oils that are known as _____ are also formed.

congeners

Giving alcohol to individuals in shock or extreme cold is not advisable because alcohol ______.

dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system

Benjamin Rush, a prominent Philadelphia physician who authored the first writings indicating a negative views of alcohol, found a link between heavy drinking and _____.

jaundice

Alcohol taken with or after a meal is absorbed more slowly because the ______.

protein in the food retains the alcohol with it in the stomach

Identify a true statement about alcohol-related liver cirrhosis.

It is a frequently deadly liver disorder associated with heavy alcohol use.

brut

the driest champagnes

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) below ______ is considered safe as it allows a person to remain in reasonable control of their faculties.

0.05

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify an effect of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.

Alcohol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA at the GABA-A receptor.

______ is a serious disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake that includes inflammation and impairment of liver function.

Alcoholic hepatitis

True or false: Organized crime became less profitable as a result of Prohibition.

False

Lia is a lean woman weighing 180 pounds. Her friend Melissa also weighs 180 pounds, but Melissa has a higher percentage of body fat. On one occasion, they drank the same amount of alcohol. In the context of the distribution of alcohol in the body, identify a true statement about the blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, found in Lia and Melissa.

Lia will have a lower BAC than Melissa.

Arrange the steps involved in the production of light beers in the correct order of occurrence.

Mash of barley malt and other cereal grains is fermented at a cooler temperature for a longer time. Alcohol content is adjusted by adding water. A beverage with considerably less sugar and only a bit less alcohol is produced

States that did not allow sales of liquor became fewer until in 1966 ______, the last dry state, allowed sales of liquor.

Mississippi

Identify an event in the United States that made people consider the value of tax revenue from alcohol sale.

The Great Depression

Which of the following statements is true of liqueurs, or cordials?

They are usually consumed in small amounts.

Identify a true statement about light beers.

They contain about 10 percent less alcohol than strong beers.

It has been suggested that the accumulation of ______, which is quite toxic even in small quantities, contributes to the nausea and headache during a hangover due to alcohol consumption.

acetaldehyde

The major factor determining the rate of alcohol metabolism is the ______.

activity of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that ______.

alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

Cynthia drank alcohol at a college party. She drank a lot of alcohol and vomited. She began drinking alcohol again after vomiting. In this scenario, a point to remember is that drinking after vomiting ______.

can lead to lethal concentrations of alcohol in the blood

Identify a primary criterion for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome, or FAS.

growth retardation occurring before or after birth

Ryan, a 20-year-old university student, attended a college party. He and his friends drank a lot of alcohol at the party. One of Ryan's friends, John, was about to pass out after drinking alcohol. In this scenario, Ryan should _____.

place John on his side so that any vomit is less likely to be aspirated

Identify a result of Prohibition at the beginning.

sharp decline in hospital admissions for alcohol dependence

Identify the abnormalities in facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

short length of the nose flattening of the philtrum

The ______ is responsible for most absorption of alcohol in the body.

small intestine

extra dry

sweet champagnes

According to comparative statistics based on reported sales, ______ leads the list for beer consumption.

the Czech Republic

It is recommended that the initial period of detoxification during alcohol treatment be carried out in an inpatient medical setting because _____.

the abstinence syndrome that develops from alcohol use is more likely to cause death than withdrawal from opioid drugs

In the context of alcohol distribution in the body, women might be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol because _____.

the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is more active in men than in women