Ch. 9

What three assumptions are made by a Theory Y manager about people?

- People seek responsibility - People are motivated by a variety of rewards - People like to work

What are the most likely possible outcomes of job rotation?

- Reduced boredom - Increased motivation

Select from the following the needs that are represented in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

- Self-actualization - Esteem - Social - Security - Physiological

Flextime, compressed workweeks, job sharing, part-time work, and telecommuting are all ________ scheduling strategies.

flexible

A job design strategy that attempts to alleviate the boredom associated with job specialization by allowing employees to move from one job to another is called _____.

job rotation

All of the following are flexible scheduling strategies EXCEPT ______.

job rotation

A person's desire to be accepted by others is a reflection of their _____ needs.

social

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to fulfill _______ needs, a person may try to make friends with a coworker, join a group, volunteer at a hospital, and/or throw a party.

social

Job enrichment incorporates which three motivational factors into the design of the job?

- Achievement - Recognition - Advancement

Choose all of the benefits associated with flextime scheduling strategies. (Select all that apply)

- Better recruitment and retention of workers - Better customer service due to increased hours of coverage - Better utilization of facilities

Why should managers be concerned with the study of human relations? (Select all that apply.)

- Effectively motivating employees keeps them engaged in their work. - Positive interpersonal relationships among employees are related to high morale and motivation in the workplace. - Motivated employees achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively.

Goal-setting theory assumes which three of the following? (Select all that apply)

- Goals direct employee efforts toward an outcome - Goals help employees develop consistent behavior patterns - Goals act as motivators

Select the three organizational outcomes of high morale?

- High levels of productivity - High returns to stakeholders - High employee loyalty

Which three are job design strategies used to improve employee motivation?

- Job rotation - Job enrichment - Flexible scheduling

In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor proposed two things that he thought would improve worker productivity. What were they?

- Job specialization - Linking pay to output

Increased worker productivity during the first Hawthorne studies determined that two factors affected productivity. What are they?

- social factors - psychological factors

Reinforcement theory is associated with which of the following?

Behavior modification

What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?

Equity

__________ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.

Equity

A program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, as long as they are at work during a specified core period, is called ______.

Flextime

______ has benefits for both companies and employees in that it increases a company's ability to recruit and retain workers and allows employees to balance work and home life by allowing them to choose their starting and ending times, as long as they are there during a specified core period.

Flextime

Which theory states that goals act as motivators to focus employee efforts on achieving certain performance outcomes?

Goal-setting theory

Edwin's car has been breaking down frequently and now it won't start altogether. He must have a car to get to work, so he has been shopping around for a new car. He just signed the paperwork today on a new vehicle and couldn't be happier! What is the "goal" in this scenario?

Having selected a new vehicle that he now owns

When a worker's productivity increases regardless of the physical conditions of the workplace, this is referred to as the ______ effect.

Hawthorne

Feeling personal satisfaction refers to what type of reward?

Intrinsic

Based on Herzberg's theory, which element is a hygiene factor?

Job security

Jack has elderly parents he needs to care for and he would like to cut his hours down to half-time. Which flexible scheduling strategy might work for Jack?

Job sharing

____ is an inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals.

Motivation

________ explains why people behave as they do or, at times, why people avoid doing what they should do.

Motivation

Which element(s) in the work environment was found to dissatisfy workers when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers?

Pay and job security

According to Maslow, which need level refers to things essential to survival, such as water, food, and shelter?

Physiological needs

Which of the following is NOT a level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Self-awareness

Which motivation theory suggests that money is the sole motivator for workers?

The classical theory

How would a manager subscribing to Theory Z manage his or her employees?

The management style would be participative; managers and workers share responsibilities

Which of the following is a security need?

The need for health insurance

McGregor's humanistic view of management is called _________.

Theory Y

_____ is a management philosophy that emphasizes employee participation in all aspects of company decision making.

Theory Z

True or false: According to the equity theory, each worker develops a personal input-output ratio to compare his or her inputs with the inputs or rewards offered by the organization.

True

Which of the following is a characteristic of an engaged worker?

Works with a commitment to the organization

McGregor's traditional view of management is called Theory _______.

X

Allowing workers to work full-time hours in fewer than five days is called ______.

a compressed workweek

Flextime can be described as ______.

a program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified core period

The idea that managers can change employee behavior by administering consequences related to the employee's actions is called ______.

behavior modification

Lee works 40 hours per week, typically working 10 hours per day Monday through Thursday, and taking a three-day weekend. Lee works a ______ workweek

compressed

Job ______ adds more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate.

enlargement

Job _____ incorporates opportunities for achievement, recognition, and responsibility into a job, giving workers not only more tasks, but more control and authority over the job.

enrichment

Victor Vroom's ________ theory states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it.

expectancy

The basis of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is that motivation and effort is affected by ______.

expectations of achieving a desirable outcome

Benefits and/or recognition that you receive from someone else such as a bonus or award certificate is a(n) ______ reward.

extrinsic

Managers who strive to understand how to boost workplace morale, maximize productivity, and motivate employees to be more effective are concerned with the study of ______.

human relations

The study of the behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings is referred to as _____.

human relations

Which area of the organizational environment seeks to understand what motivates employees to perform on the job?

human relations

The rationale behind job enlargement is that jobs are more interesting and satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual _____.

increases

In equity theory, a worker's contribution to the organization is referred to as his or her _______, while rewards offered by the organization are referred to as _______.

inputs; outputs

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals refers to a(n) ______ reward.

intrinsic

Job rotation, job enrichment, and flexible scheduling are examples of ______.

job design strategies

The job design strategy that involves adding more tasks to a job is called _____.

job enlargement

Motivating employees to stay engaged and committed to their work is a key responsibility of _____.

management

An employee's attitude toward his or her job, employer, and colleagues is referred to as that employee's ______.

morale

A person who recognizes a need and takes action to satisfy the need and achieve a goal is said to be __________.

motivated

When a need is unmet, Maslow states that people will be ________ to fill it.

motivated

An inner drive that causes humans to act, whether it is eating to reduce hunger or studying for an exam to get a good grade is referred to as ______.

motivation

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people ______.

naturally like to work

A ____ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state.

need

An assumption made by a Theory X manager about people is that ______.

people have little ambition

Water, food, shelter, and clothing are essential for life and are considered _____ needs by Maslow.

physiological

The original intent of the Hawthorne studies was to conduct a study to correlate physical conditions in the workplace--such as the level of lighting--with worker's ______.

productivity

According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?

recognition

Job _____ does not totally eliminate the problem of boredom because employees may eventually become bored with all the jobs in the cycle.

rotation

Job ______ involves moving workers from one task to the next to make work more interesting and motivating.

rotation

The need to protect yourself from physical and economic harm fits the ______ need category according to Maslow.

security

When two people do what is traditionally one job, it is called job ____.

sharing

According to Maslow, the difference between satisfied and unsatisfied needs is that ______.

unsatisfied needs continue to motivate

Job enlargement is a job design strategy ______.

where more tasks are added to a job

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as ______.

wishing to avoid responsibility

The Hawthorne studies were originally designed to study the relationship between ______.

workplace conditions and productivity

Something given to you by someone else in recognition of good work is referred to as a(n) ______ reward.

extrinsic

According to Herzberg, which of the following accurately describes motivational factors?

The presence of motivational factors is likely to motivate employees to excel.