Ch1 4312

56. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. a. calendar b. line graph c. bar graph d. pie chart

ANSWER: a A Gantt chart was developed by Henry Gantt for scheduling work in factories. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in calendar form.

59. Which of the following refers to a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong? a. Ethics b. Civics c. Laws d. Politics

ANSWER: a Ethics is a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong. Making ethical decisions is an important part of project managers' personal and professional lives because it generates trust and respect with other people.

33. Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which constraint is Galaxy currently facing? a. Resources b. Time c. Scope d. Cost

ANSWER: a Every project is constrained in different ways. For some projects, resources are the main concern.

57. A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. a. Project Management Office b. Project Management Professional c. Project Management Center d. Portfolio Group

ANSWER: a In the 1990s, many companies began creating Project Management Offices to help them handle the increasing number and complexity of projects. A Project Management Office (PMO) is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization.

46. Which tool can best help in efficient communication management? a. Kick-off meetings b. Impact matrices c. Requests for quotes d. Fast tracking

ANSWER: a Kick-off meetings are an important tool in project communication management. Other tools in project communication management are communications management plans, conflict management, communications media selection, and progress reports.

61. Which type of tool is usually recommended for small projects and single users? a. Low-end b. Midrange c. High-end d. Upper range

ANSWER: a Low-end tools provide basic project management features and generally cost less than $200 per user. They are often recommended for small projects and single users.

38. Project procurement management mainly involves: a. making effective use of the people involved with the project. b. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. c. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. d. identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement.

ANSWER: b Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project procurement management involves acquiring or procuring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.

35. Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully? a. Project resource management b. Project scope management c. Project time management d. Project cost management

ANSWER: b Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project scope management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.

44. A _____ is a tool used in quality management. a. probability matrix b. checklist c. request for proposal d. critical path analysis.

ANSWER: b Quality management uses include quality metrics, checklists, quality control charts, Pareto diagrams, and fishbone diagrams among others

53. Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a few alterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope with the change? a. Negotiation b. Project environment knowledge c. Motivation d. Soft skills

ANSWER: b The project environment differs from organization to organization and project to project, but some skills will help in almost all project environments. These skills include understanding change and understanding how organizations work within their social, political, and physical environments. Project managers must be comfortable leading and handling change, because most projects introduce changes in organizations and involve changes within the projects themselves.

49. Which of the following is true of program managers? a. They report to project managers who represent the next level in the hierarchy. b. They recognize that managing a program is simpler than managing a project. c. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program. d. They are responsible solely for the delivery of project results.

ANSWER: c A program manager provides leadership and direction for the project managers heading the projects within a program. Program managers also coordinate the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff supporting the projects to ensure that products and processes are implemented to maximize benefits.

48. Which statement is true of project management? a. It is a simple discipline with a limited scope. b. It has specific tools which work universally across all kinds of projects. c. It does not guarantee successes for all projects. d. Its framework consists solely of project management knowledge areas.

ANSWER: c Despite its advantages, project management is a very broad, often complex discipline. What works for one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and skills in managing projects.

60. Which attribute is true of low-end tools of project management software? a. They are designed for especially large projects with multiple users. b. Their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality. c. They provide basic project management features. d. They are referred to as enterprise project management software.

ANSWER: c In project management software, low-end tools provide basic project management features and are often recommended for small projects and single users.

45. Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management. a. procurement b. scope c. resource d. cost

ANSWER: c Motivation techniques, empathic listening, resource histograms, and team building exercises are tools used in human resource management.

58. Which organization provides certification as a Project Management Professional? a. PMS b. PMC c. PMI d. PMP

ANSWER: c PMI or the Project Management Institute provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP). A Project Management Professional (PMP) is someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of project management by passing a comprehensive examination.

39. Which project management knowledge area is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas? a. Project cost management b. Project stakeholder management c. Project integration management d. Project communications management

ANSWER: c Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project integration management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge are

52. Which of the following questions reflects the strategic goals of project portfolio management? a. Are we carrying out projects well? b. Are projects on time and on budget? c. Are we investing in the right areas? d. Do stakeholders know what they should be doing?

ANSWER: c Project portfolio management addresses questions such as "Are we working on the right projects?", "Are we investing in the right areas?", and "Do we have the right resources to be competitive?"

41. Which tool is most likely to be used in project schedule management? a. Payback analysis b. Impact matrices c. Gantt charts d. Fishbone diagrams

ANSWER: c Schedule management uses Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements.

43. In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used? a. Resource b. Communication c. Cost d. Quality

ANSWER: c Tools used in cost management include payback analysis, earned value management, project portfolio management, and cost estimates among others.

54. Joe is a project manager in an IT company and has over the years, gained substantial knowledge in his area of work. However, while managing his team, he often loses his temper. In addition, he fails to be an active listener when his team members approach him with work related challenges. In which of the following areas does Joe need to develop his skills in? a. Application area knowledge b. Project environment knowledge c. Standards and regulations d. Human relations skills

ANSWER: d Achieving high performance on projects requires soft skills, otherwise called human relations skills. Project managers need good soft skills to understand, navigate, and meet stakeholders' needs and expectations. They need to be able to listen actively to what others are saying, help develop new approaches for solving problems, and then persuade others to work toward achieving project goals.

55. Which attribute best defines the role of leaders? a. They focus on short-term objectives. b. They work on achieving primarily tactical goals. c. They work solely toward day-to-day details of meeting specific tasks. d. They inspire people to reach goals.

ANSWER: d Generally, a leader focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives while inspiring people to reach those goals.

63. What is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software? a. Low-end tools are designed to handle primarily multiple users whereas midrange tools are created to handle single users. b. Low-end tools provide robust capabilities to handle dispersed workgroups whereas midrange tools do not. c. Midrange tools provide basic project management features whereas low-end tools offer enterprise and portfolio management functions. d. Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.

ANSWER: d In project management software, midrange tools are a step up from low-end tools. They are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.

36. Which project management knowledge area ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken? a. Project cost management b. Project time management c. Project risk management d. Project quality management

ANSWER: d Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project quality management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.

62. Enterprise project management software is also known as a _____ tool of project management software. a. baseline b. midrange c. low-end d. high-end

ANSWER: d Project management software tools can be divided into three general categories based on functionality and price. One of these tools are high-end tools which are sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software.

47. A _____ is a tool used in risk management. a. work breakdown structure b. project organizational chart c. critical path analysis d. probability matrix

ANSWER: d Risk management plans, risk registers, probability/impact matrices, and risk rankings are different tools used in risk management.

40. An important tool for project scope management is _____. a. fast tracking b. a kickoff meeting c. a Gantt chart d. a work breakdown structure

ANSWER: d Scope management uses scope statements, work breakdown structures, statements of work, requirements analyses, scope management plans, scope verification techniques, and scope change controls.

34. Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. a. Steve b. the support staff c. the project team d. the Robinson family

ANSWER: d Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities, and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, among others. In a home construction project, the project sponsors would be the potential new homeowners.

51. A difference between strategic and tactical goals is: a. strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals. b. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals. c. tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals. d. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

ANSWER: d Tactical goals are generally more specific and short-term than strategic goals, which emphasize long-term goals for an organization.

32. The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. a. project sponsor b. project manager c. support staff member d. project team

ANSWER: a Most projects have many interested parties or stakeholders, but someone must take the primary role of sponsorship. The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.

42. Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. a. schedule b. quality c. communication d. risk

ANSWER: a Schedule management tools include Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements.

31. Which objective is true of projects? a. They have an indefinite beginning and end. b. They have a unique purpose. c. They are developed using regressive elaboration. d. They are permanent in nature.

ANSWER: b One of the attributes of projects is that they has have a unique purpose. Every project should have a well-defined objective.

30. Which characteristic highlights a difference between projects and operations? a. Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. b. Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not. c. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature. d. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose.

ANSWER: c A project is "a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result." Operations, on the other hand, is work done in organizations to sustain the business.

50. Which goal distinguishes project management and portfolio management? a. Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not. b. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task. c. Portfolio management asks questions like, "Are we carrying out projects efficiently?" whereas project management asks questions such as "Are we investing in the right areas?" d. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.

ANSWER: d Individual projects often address tactical goals, whereas portfolio management addresses strategic goals. Tactical goals are generally more specific and short-term than strategic goals.

37. Which project management knowledge area primarily involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information? a. Project cost management b. Project procurement management c. Project time management d. Project communications management

ANSWER: d Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project communications management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.