ch.1

In Milgram's controversial study on obidience, nearly______ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.

2/3

_________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.

Abraham Maslow

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Applies psychological theories and principles to I/O settings personnel management, organizational structure work with businesses

Forensic Psychology

Applies psychology in the context of the justice system act as "expert witnesses"- jury selection, criminal profiling.

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n)________ psychologist.

Biological

Cognitive Psychology

Focuses on cognitions/thoughts in relation to experiences and actions interdisciplinary research spans many topics (sensation/perception, intelligence, development, social psychology, therapy)

Clinical Psychology

Focuses on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders counseling psychology: focuses on clinical outcomes, but with psychologically healthy individuals

Health Psychology

Focuses on health and the biopsychosocial model Research aims to provide information for public policy, education and interventions.

Social Psychology

Focuses on how people interact with and relate to others Stanley Milgram (1933-1984)-experiment on authority and obedience. Led to ethical guidelines for psych research.

Personality Psychology

Focuses on patterns of thoughts/behavior that make each person unique Five-Factor Model (Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism)

Sensation and Perception

Focuses on physiological and psychological aspect of sensory systems human experience/ perception is complex

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) _______________ psychologist.

I-O (Industrial organizational)

Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.

Max Wertheimer

Gestalt Psychology

Max Werthimer (1880-1943) Kurt Koffka (1886-1941) Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1867) Psychology as the study of the "whole" experience (rather than the sum of individually measured parts) foundation for humanistic theory sensation and perception.

BF Skinner (1904-1990)

Operant conditioning to drive behavior BEHAVIORISM

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a _________ degree in psychology.

PhD

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ____________.

Philosophy

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

Prediction and control of behavior BEHAVIORISM

The __________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.

PsyD

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Psychology as a scientific study of conscious experience introspection with specific experimental conditions to produce observable experiences of the ming Tried to limit "interpretation" STRUCTURALISM

Humanism

Psychology as the study of innate human potential for good ( focused on the "whole" human being) rejected physical and biological experimentation Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)- Hierarchy of needs: as long as basic needs are met, higher level needs will motivate behavior. Carl Rogers (1902-1987)- client-centered therapy: therapist needs to display unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy.

William James (1842-1910)

Psychology as the study of the function of behavior in the world. influence by Darwin's theory of evolution and adaption how mental activities help an organism fit into its environment focused on objective methods FUNCTIONALISM

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Psychology as the study of the unconscious ming. focused on feelings/urges of which we are unaware and early childhood experience PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

The operant conditioning chamber (aka _________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.

Skinner

Evolutionary Psychology

Studies psychology in the context of evolution influenced by natural selection assumes that behaviors have some genetic causes Uses evolutionary theories to predict outcomes and compare observed behaviors (mate choice, kin relations, social organization)

Sport and Exercise Psychology

Studies the psychological aspects of sports performance and affects of exercise motivation, performance anxiety.

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

bachelor's degree

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

classical conditioning and learned behavior BEHAVIORISM

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?

critical thinking, use of the scientific method, critical evaluation of sources of information

Biopsychology

explores how biology influences behavior focuses on structure and function of nervous system

One would need at least a(n) ___________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.

master's

Cognitive Revolution

mind as a focus of psychology Noam Chomsky (1928-) - A linguist who believed that psychology needed to reincorporate mental functioning with its behavioral aspects Psychology began to collaborate with other sciences

An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n)__________.

personality

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n)___________.

proposed explaination

Psyche is a Greek word meaning_________

soul

Developmental Psychology

studies development across the lifespan and how it relates to psychological processes. (physical development, cognitive skills, moral reasoning) Jean Piaget (1896-1980) stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor (infancy) Pre-operational (toddler-early childhood) concrete operational (elementary- early adolescence) Formal operational (adolescence-adulthood)

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and _________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

unconditional positive regard