CH.12 NERVOUS SYSTEM: Nervous Tissue

The nerve tissue of a young adult may contain up to __________ glial cells.

1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000)

______ is type of membrane transports protein that increases the potential energy across a membrane.

A pump

Which of the following is used for fast axonal transport

ATP Microtubules Motor proteins

The functions of astrocytes are to

Assist neuronal development. Regulate the composition of interstitial fluid. Help form the blood-brain barrier.

The ________ divisions of the nervous system is subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Autonomic

The ________ is the structural division of the nervous system that contains the brain.

CNS

Which of the following pumps can you find in the plasma membrane?

Ca2+ Na+/K+

Inactivation state sodium channel

Entry of sodium channel is prevented; activation state is open

Resting state sodium channel

Entry of sodium is prevented; activation state is closed

Which diseases are affected by destruction of the myelin sheath?

Gullain-barre syndorme multiple sclerosis

Which of the following ions have leak channels on the plasma membrane?

K+ Na+

____________ channels allow undated flow of specific ions from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.

Leak

_________ nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons.

Mixed

Which of the following are structural classification of neurons

Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar

Which of the following membrane transporters are present throughout the membrane of a neuron

Na+/K+ pumps Sodium leak channels Potassium leak channels

__________ are found in mixed nerves.

Sensory anf motor axons

Activation state sodium channel

Sodium moves through the activation cell through the open channel

Which are two divisions of the sensory nervous system?

Somatic divison Visceral division

Which of the following statements are true of neurolemmocytes?

The are also called Schwann cells. They create the myelin sheaths for PNS.

Which of the following segments of a neuron contains large numbers of voltage-gated potassium channels and voltage-gated sodium channels?

The initial segment The conductive segment

What must happened in order for a chemical signal to change the membrane potential of a neuron

The must be a change in ion flow across the membrane. There must be a change in open ion channels.

A flow of electrical current called an ____________ is generated within the initial segment of a neuron.

action potential

The term ______ means "to bring to"

afferent

The endoneurium is made of

areolar connective tissue

The ________ of the functional division of the nervous system provides involuntary control of the smooth muscle.

autonomic motor

The plasma membrane of an axon is called the

axolemma

A nerve is a bundle of parallel

axons

The synapse is located ________ the presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron.

between

The neurons in the retina of the eye are ________.

bipolar

The nervous system is composed of the ______, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia.

brain

satellite cells are found surrounding _______.

cell bodies

A soma is another name for

cell body

The ependymal cells help produce ______.

cerebrospinal fluid

Synapses are classified as:

chemical synapses and electrical synapses

A _______ is best described as a channel that is usually closed that open in response to binding a neurotransmitter and that when open, allow a specific type of ion to diffuse across the plasma membrane.

chemically gated channel

Which term are used for the structural classification of nerves?

cranial spinal

The peripheral nervous system is made of the spinal nerves, ganglia, and _______ nerves.

cranial nerves

__________ nerves extend from the brain. while ________ extend from the spinal cord.

cranial, spinal

The _________ receive impulses from the motor neurons.

effectors

The brain and spinal cord initiate a response as motor output by neurons to structures called

effectors

Motor neurons are classified as __________ neurons.

efferent

The net diffusion of a given ion is dependent upon its ______.

electrochemical gradient

A entire nerve surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the __________.

epineurium

Which of the following are characteristics of neurons?

extreme longevity excitability amitotic conductivity secretion

A cluster of neuron cell bodies found along the peripheral nerve is known as an

ganglion

An ________ is a cluster of neuron cell bodies with the PNS.

ganglion

A ___________ is a temporary change in membrane potential which last only as long as the stimulus the causes it and can cary is size.

graded potential

Negatively charged proteins and other large organic molecules are found in

greater amounts inside a neuron

The ______ the resistance , the _____ the current.

higher, lower

The electrical gradient in a resting neuron is such that the _____________ of the cell is negative relative to the _________________.

inside, outside

____________ are also called association neurons.

interneurons

Which of the following are functional classes of neurons

interneurons sensory neurons motor neurons

The relative difference in charge across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron is known as the:

membrane potential

_______ cells wander through the CNS and replicate in response to an infection.

microglial

Most motor neurons are

multipolar

Oligodendrocytes create the ________ sheath in the CNS.

myelin

_________ is/are considered "nerve glue"

neuroglial cells

Nervous tissue is composed of glial cells and _______.

neurons

The components of nervous tissue that conducts electrical impulses are

neurons

________ are chemicals released from synaptic knobs and bind to receptors on postsynaptic membrane.

neurotransmitters

The motor nervous system is responsible for

output

Neurolemmocytes create the myelin sheath in the __________ nervous system.

peripheral

voltage is a measure of relative ________ energy.

potential

The relative difference in charge across the plasma membrane of a resting is known as the

resting membrane potential

The somatic _________ division of the nervous receives information from the eyes, ears, and skin.

sensory

are specialized nervous system structures that monitor changes in both the internal and external environment.

sensory (receptors)

The interneurons facilitate communication between __________ neurons and ___________ neurons.

sensory, motor

Which of the following are consider types of effectors

skeletal muscle cardiac muscle glands

The components of the somatic sensory division are:

taste hearing joints and muscles

Synaptic knobs are also called

terminal boutons and end bulbs

The myelin sheath covers

the axon

Dendrites transfer information ________ the cell body.

toward

Vesicles involved in retrograde transport are moving __________ the cell body.

toward

To _____ is the basic function of a neuron.

transmit nerve impulses

Pseudounipolar is another name for a ________ neuron.

unipolar

most afferent neurons are classified functionally as __________.

unipolar

The __________ division of the nervous system detects nerve impulses from blood vessels and internal organs.

visceral sensory division

__________ is the measure of difference of electrical charge between two areas.

voltage

According to Ohm's law, current is directly related to _________, and inversely directed to ________.

voltage, resistance

______ are unique channels in that they have three states; resting, activation, and inactivation.

voltage-gated channels

__________ are essential for the generation of an action potential.

voltage-gated channels

The movement of charged particles can be harnessed to do

work