Ch.14

The host defenses include_____ immunity which is present at birth, and ________immunity which is acquired over time and specific in its action.

innate and adaptive

What are small protein molecules that are produced by certain leukocytes and tissue cells in response to viral infection called?

interferons

Which of the following is NOT a main function of inflammation?

lead to allergic reaction

Filtration of lymphatic fluid occurs primarily in the

lymph nodes

A system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for the development of immune cells, immune surveillance, and immune reactions is the __ system.

lymphatic

Lymph is transported through a system of Blank______ vessels.

lymphatic

The spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and GALT are all components of the system.

lymphatic

The second most predominant type of leukocyte in circulation is the

lymphocyte

The group of leukocytes that includes B cells, NK cells, and T cells, are known generally as Blank______.

lymphocytes

Which cell type is NOT one of the major phagocytic cells of the immune system?

lymphocytes

A large, phagocytic white blood cell, derived from a monocyte, that leaves the circulation and plays a role in specific immune reactions while residing in tissues is called a(n) Blank______.

macrophage

Monocytes may leave the circulation and differentiate into

macrophages

Organs lined with mucous membranes contain a discrete population of lymphocytes and other white blood cells known as Blank______ to respond to the constant influx of microbes through theses portals of entry.

malt

A large agranulocyte that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells is a(n) .

monocyte

Which large agranulocytes are the precursors to macrophages and dendritic cells?

monocyte

All organs and tissues contain a network of fibers and macrophages called the Blank______ system.

mononuclear phagocyte

The body compartments that participate in the immune system, after the formation of immune cells, are the Blank______.

mononuclear phagocyte system, bloodstream, lymphatic system, and extracellular fluid

Leukocytes that circulate in the blood in high numbers but spend most of their life in the tissues serving as phagocytes are

neutrophils

Leukocytes that circulate in the blood in high numbers but spend most of their life in the tissues serving as phagocytes are .

neutrophils

Which type of leukocytes have conspicuous, lobed nuclei and fine, pale lavender granules?

neutrophils

White blood cells carry a variety of _______ _______receptors that allow them to detect foreign substances.

pattern and recognition

In addition to phagocytosis and initiation of inflammation, white blood cells have the capacity to discover foreign substances using surface receptors known as Blank______.

pattern recognition receptors

The system that functions in the immune system by providing a passageway within and between tissues is the mononuclear ___________system.

phagocyte

Body compartments that participate in immune function are the mononuclear _____system, fluid, the _____, and the lymphatic system .

phagocyte, extracellular, and bloodstream

What is the main role of neutrophils?

phagocytosis

Inborn, nonspecific defenses include ____ ____ ____

physical, chemical, and genetic

The fluid portion of the blood that carries proteins, nutrients, and clotting factors, and in which blood cells are normally suspended, is

plasma

The clear fluid from blood that contains clotting proteins is_______ , whereas the clear fluid from clotted blood that does not contain clotting proteins is ._______

plasma and serum

Readily distinguished from cells by their small size, __ are formed elements in the blood that are involved in blood clotting and hemostasis.

platelets

formed elements in the blood that are involved in hemostasis and blood clotting are

platelets

What is/are the role(s) of the lymph nodes?

provision of immune cells filitration of lymphatic fluid provding sites for immunne reactions

Which of the following are functions of the spleen?

remove worn out rbs from circulation filtration of pathogens from the blood

The host inflammatory response is a component of the Blank______ line of defense.

second

what is the clear fluid from clotted blood often used in immune testing and therapy

serum

An organ that is similar in function to a lymph node except it filters blood instead of lymph is the

spleen

what the funtion of the thymus gland

the maturation of t cells

The main important role of the mononuclear phagocyte system in immune function is:

the provision of a passageway within and between tissues.

Secondary lymphoid organs, where encounters with microbes and immune responses occur, include the Blank______.

thymus gland and bone marrow

The main fluid in plasma is

water

If a sample contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets suspended in plasma, the sample is called Blank______.

whole blood

The liquid connective tissue that consists of cells such as erythrocytes and leukocytes, along with platelets suspended in plasma, is

whole blood

The complement system is composed of at least Blank______ proteins.

30

Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific host defense?

Antibody production

A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is involved in the production of antibodies for humoral immunity is called a

B

When viewing leukocytes under a light microscope, staining with a hematologic stain produces some cells with granular structures in the cytoplasm. Leukocytes that do not have visible cytoplasmic granules under these conditions are called

agranulocyte

White blood cells with an unlobed, rounded nucleus and the absence of tiny inclusions in their cytoplasm are referred to as

agranulocytes

Plasma contains globulin proteins, which include

antibodies

Histamine-releasing granulocytic leukocytes include mast cells and

basophil

Which motile granulocytes function in inflammatory events and allergies by releasing histamine?

basophils

Which of the following are granulocytes?

basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils

Hematopoiesis is the process by which all cells are formed in bone marrow.

blood

Granulocytes that are distinguished in a stain preparation by their larger, orange to red granules and bilobed nucleus are Blank______.

eosinophils

red blood cells are called

erythrocytes

White blood cells that make up 1% to 3% of the total WBC count, and that contain granules with lysozyme, peroxidase, and other digestive enzymes, are

esosinophils

Which of the following is not found in blood plasma?

formed elements

Which of the following are characteristics of B lymphocytes?

free movement between lymphoid organs and connective tissue maturation in the bone marrow production of antibodies when activated

The associated lymphoid tissue that includes the appendix and Peyer's patches is

galt

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) responds to microbes entering through the Blank______ systems.

gastrointestinal respiratory urinary tract

All three interferons bind to cell surface receptors and induce a change in expression in the target cell, resulting in the production of antiviral proteins.

gene

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils all belong to which type of leukocytes?

granulocytes

What is the process by which blood cells are formed in bone marrow?

hematapoiesis

The study of all features of the body's second and third lines of defense is

immunology

A reaction to any traumatic event in the tissues that attempts to restore homeostasis is

inflammation

Substances that are released by cells in an injured area that act on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are called Blank______

chemical mediators ctyokines

The circulatory system consists of the organs and tissues of both the Blank______ and Blank______.

circulatory system proper and lymphatic system

A system of blood proteins that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism is the system.

complement

A chemical substance produced by blood cells and tissue cells that regulates development, inflammation, and immunity is a(n)

cytokine

The main functions of the inflammatory response are:

destroy microbes and block their further invasion mobilization and attraction of immune components to the sites of infection of trauma repair of damaged tissues