CH15-18 Hist 1302

The Battle of Little Bighorn

Most famous battle of the Great Sioux War took place in 1876 in the Montana Territory; combined Sioux and Cheyenne warriors massacred a vastly outnumbered U.S. Cavalry commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Passed in 1890, first law to restrict monopolistic trusts and business combinations; extended by the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.

scalawags

Southern white Republicans-some former Unionists-who supported Reconstruction governments.

In this video, Eric Foner discusses court decisions held against labor on the grounds of individual freedom, specifically liberty of contract. What were the most important decisions made by the Court?

The Supreme Court overturned laws that made it illegal for companies to pay their employees in scrip that could only be used at certain stores on the grounds it violated the right of property of these corporations. The Supreme Court ruled that state laws regulating corporate behavior, limiting the number of hours a person could work, were unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment.

the Gilded Age

The popular but derogatory name for the period from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century, after the title of the 1873 novel by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner.

How did the Populists try to appeal to industrial workers?

They protected striking miners.

The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction. T or F?

True

sharecropping

Type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers—often former slaves—farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop.

How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?

correct: -They established the federal government as the protector of rights. -They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.

Identify the key regional differences between farmers in the South and the West.

farmers in the West Correct label: mortgaged land to purchase equipment, seed, and fertilizer farmers in the South Correct label: Interruptions to cotton exportation led many farmers to go into debt and threatened them with the loss of their land. Correct label: mainly tenant farming

Match the descriptions of white Republicans in the South during Reconstruction to the correct term.

i am going to list the answers below separately

Why did Congress bring articles of impeachment against Andrew Johnson?

violated the Tenure of Office Act

What does it reveal about the impact of emancipation?

-Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land -former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters -Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation

Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.

582 ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights defined all persons born in the United States as citizens

The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.

599-600 True

In the speech, Douglass presented his vision for America. Select the specific excerpts below where Douglass argues for equal rights for people of all races and national origins.

"Would you have them naturalized, and have them invested with all the rights of American citizenship? I would. Would you allow them to hold office? I would." "all shall here bow to the same law, speak the same language, support the same government, enjoy the same liberty."

Select the areas of the map that cast their electoral votes for Republican candidate Ulysses S. Grant in the election of 1868.

-21 -5 -8

In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

-Freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner -freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day

Read the excerpt below from A Sharecropping Contract (1866). In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

-The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner -The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

-They required states to offer free college education. -They prohibited states from electing black officeholders.

Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.

-defined all persons born in the United States as citizens -ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights

List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.

1. Thirteenth Amendment 2. Civil Rights Bill of 1866 3. Fourteenth Amendment 4. Ku Klux Klan established 5. Enforcement Acts

List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.

1. thirteenth amendment 2. civil rights bill of 1866 3. fourteenth amendment 4. kkk established 5. enforcement acts

Match the correct label to each map to explain what the two maps of the Barrow plantation in Georgia reveal about the effects of emancipation on rural life in the South.

1860: -In 1860, slaves lived in communal quarters near the owner's house. 1881: -In 1881, former slaves working as sharecroppers lived all over the plantation.

Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote.

568-569 True

The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom.

575, 578 False

Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?

594 Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. Reconstruction governments were corrupt.

The Liberal Republican Party began to side with Democrats in believing that the federal government's power had grown too much during the war and needed to be curtailed.

597 True

Between 1860 and 1880, the number of railroad track miles tripled in the United States and tripled again by 1920. By the 1890s, five transcontinental lines transported products from coast to coast.

606-607 True

The Social Gospel movement originated as an effort to reform Protestant churches by expanding their appeal in poor urban neighborhoods and making them more attentive to the era's social ills.

644 True

Identify the economic conditions in the South by matching the locations and regions to their descriptions.

659-660 important mining and steel center- Birmingham, Alabama important textile region- South Carolina The "number one" economic problem in the country, as the per capita income was below the national average- the South

Identify the statements that describe the experiences of African-Americans in the South.

660-661 In most of the Deep South, African-Americans owned a smaller percentage of land in 1900 than they did at the end of Reconstruction. Black men were excluded from white-collar jobs.

Identify the statements that describe Booker T. Washington and his ideas.

672-673 Washington urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights. Washington urged blacks to seek the assistance of white employers who would prefer docile, dependable black workers to radicalized whites.

Immigration Restriction League

A political organization founded in 1894 that called for reducing immigration to the United States by requiring a literacy test for immigrants.

What do they (maps) reveal about the Spanish-American conflicts in the Pacific and Caribbean?

682 America had victories in both the Pacific and the Caribbean. American forces made direct attacks on Spanish possessions.

Identify where the United States had attempted to extend its territory prior to 1890 and the age of American expansionism.

Alaska

New South

Atlanta Constitution editor Henry W. Grady's 1886 term for the prosperous post-Civil War South he envisioned: democratic, industrial, urban, and free of nostalgia for the defeated plantation South.

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

trusts

Companies combined to limit competition.

Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?

Correct Answer: -Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote. -The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.

U.S.S. Maine

Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, resulting in 266 deaths; the American public, assuming that the Spanish had mined the ship, clamored for war, and the Spanish-American War was declared two months later.

vertical integration

Company's avoidance of middlemen by producing its own supplies and providing for distribution of its product.

Identify the statements that describe Chinese immigration and immigrants to the United States.

Congress excluded Chinese women from entering the United States. Chinese immigrants were required to carry identification at all times. The Chinese Exclusion Act temporarily barred immigrants from China.

carpetbaggers

Derisive term from northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South.

Between the end of the Civil War and the early twentieth century, the United States experienced stagnant economic growth and the loss of international markets. T or F?

False. There was an explosive level of economic growth

In 1876, Winslow Homer painted this imaginary scene between a former slave and a slaveowner. What does he suggest about the relationship among freedmen and former slaveowners in his painting?

Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.

Analyze the map, and identify each of the regions below as having either a high or a low concentration of sharecropping activity around the year 1880.

High Concentration: far northern Alabama inland South Carolina inland Georgia

Identify the statements that describe the experiences of African-Americans in the South.

In most of the Deep South, African-Americans owned a smaller percentage of land in 1900 than they did at the end of Reconstruction. Black men were excluded from white-collar jobs.

What arguments did the black petitioners make when urging President Johnson to allocate land to them?

Land ownership was a vital element of citizenship. The freedmen had worked the lands and therefore deserved ownership.

Battle of Little Big Horn

Native American victory over the U.S. army in June of 1876

What strategies employed by labor organizers does this image illustrate?

Organizers printed leaflets, posters, and banners in multiple languages so each nationality was represented. Strikes demonstrated that ethnic cohesiveness could be a basis of unity, so long as strikers were organized on a democratic basis.

Bargain of 1877

Republican Rutherford B. Hayes over democrat Samuel J. Tiden was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove federal troops that were placing republican governments in the South

What does it reveal about the political stalemate between 1876 and 1892? Match the region with its political alignment.

The north - republican The south - Democrat The west - irregularity

List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.

Thirteenth Amendment, Civil Rights Bill of 1866, Fourteenth Amendment, Ku Klux Klan established, Enforcement Acts

Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote

True

Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote. T or F?

True

Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period

True

The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement, as some of its leaders, who were disappointed that it didn't enfranchise woman, separated from their former antislavery allies, while others stayed aligned with them in support of the greater cause for equal rights for all. T or F?

True

The Progressive era also witnessed numerous restrictions on democratic participation. New literacy tests and residency and registration requirements, common in the North and South, limited the right to vote among the poor.

True

The Battle of the Little Bighorn was an example of how the Indians occasionally managed to defeat army units as they sought to defend their tribal lands. T or F?

True.

Plessy v. Ferguson

U.S. Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites.

Wounded Knee Massacre

U.S. soldiers opened fire on unarmed Ghost Dancers, killing 150 to 200 of them out of fear of an uprising.

Haymarket Affair

Violence during an anarchist protest at Haymarket Square in Chicago on May 4, 1886; the deaths of eight, including seven policemen, led to the trial of eight anarchist leaders for conspiracy to commit murder.

Identify the statements that describe Booker T. Washington and his ideas.

Washington urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights. Washington urged blacks to seek the assistance of white employers who would prefer docile, dependable black workers to radicalized whites.

Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.

a place for social gatherings a place of worship housed schools a political gathering spot

Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.

by attending mass meetings and religious services by traveling by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery

In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

correct: -The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. -The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day.

What arguments did the black petitioners make when urging President Johnson to allocate land to them?

correct: -The freedmen had worked the lands and therefore deserved ownership. -Land ownership was a vital element of citizenship.

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

correct: -They established a state-funded free public education system. -They created state-run and state-funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane.

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

correct: -They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. -They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. -They did not allow blacks to vote. -They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites.

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.

correct: -the Fourteenth Amendment -temporary division of the South into military districts -state guarantees of black men's right to vote -creation of new state governments

The Immigration Restriction League, while having a large membership, failed to have any impact on legislation in Congress limiting the influx of immigrants to the United States.

false

Redeemers

largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the republican program in the south. staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments. their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy. redeemer governments waged and agressive assault on african americans.

The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.

true

The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans.

true

Andrew Johnson --- the Civil Rights Bill because he ----- in black equality. Ultimately, Johnson believed that political power rested with the ---.

vetoed, did not believe, states

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.

-African-American political leaders -white Republicans -blacks who became landowners

Why did former slaves believe that landownership was the cornerstone of freedom?

-It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control. -They were entitled to the land because of their unpaid labor.

carpetbaggers

-Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. -Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain.

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

-They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites. -They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. -They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. -They did not allow blacks to vote.

American Federation of Labor

A federation of trade unions founded in 1881, composed mostly of skilled, white, native-born workers; its long-term president was Samuel Gompers.

The explosion that destroyed the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, was proven without a doubt to have been the work of Spanish saboteurs. T or F?

False

Social Gospel

Ideals preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.

Watch the video in which author Eric Foner discusses the effect that the Progressive era had on democracy.

It was an era of conflicting impulses that expanded political power but also restricted the number of people who actually could exercise that power.

Which statement best characterizes the Progressive era?

It was an era of conflicting impulses that expanded political power but also restricted the number of people who actually could exercise that power.

Identify whether the following initiatives were part of Wilson's "New Freedom" program or Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" program.

New Nationalism Correct label: federal regulation of railroads, mining, and oil Correct label: heavy taxes on personal and corporate fortunes New Freedom Correct label: envisioned the federal government strengthening antitrust laws Correct label: protection of the right of workers to unionize Correct label: active encouragement of small businesses

Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period. T or F?

True

Which of the following are true concerning the 1896 election?

William Jennings Bryan was the candidate for the Democrats and the Populists. The election of 1896 is considered the first "modern" election by many historians. Republicans' main challenge to the Populists' candidate was the "gold standard" as gold was the only "honest" currency.

William U'Ren was the founder of the Oregon System and a leading figure of Progressive reform. While the Oregon System was very successful, identify the two issues that broke the alliance between the middle-class urbanites, and workers and farmers.

a referendum to increase taxes on the wealthy the requirement for state government to provide employment for the unemployed

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) had 1.6 million members by 1904. The AFL represented mainly skilled, white, native-born workers. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) was founded in response to the lack of representation for unskilled and foreign-born workers. Identify the goals and accomplishments of these two organizations.

advocated cooperation with corporate and political leaders to achieve workers goals Correct label: AFL helped settle hundreds of industrial disputes and encouraged improvements in factory safety and the establishment of pensions for long-term workers Correct label: AFL strongly advocated a workers' revolution that would seize the means of production and abolish the state Correct label: IWW

Match the Progressive-era president to the event that occurred during his administration.

attacked John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1911 Correct label: Taft implemented the Clayton Act of 1914, exempting unions from antitrust laws and barring courts from issuing injunctions that would curtail the right to strike Correct label: Wilson used the Sherman Antitrust Act to dissolve the Northern Securities Company Correct label: Roosevelt

Sherman Antitrust Act

banned all combinations and practices that restrained free trade

Identify the accomplishments and philosophies of the following Progressive-era figures.

believed that government was best run by impartial "experts" unaccountable to the citizenry Correct label: Robert M. La Follette advocated for reformers to improve the lives of the poor, not from afar, but by moving into poor neighborhoods and building networks of support, including schools and health clinics Correct label: Jane Addams founded the Society of American Indians and advocated for justice for Native Americans Correct label: Carlos Montezuma

Match the states in the industrial West to their primary industries.

gold, silver, and copper Correct label: Colorado timber Correct label: Washington oil and cattle Correct label: Texas

US vs. Cruikshank

overruled the conviction of a number of whites who had rioted to prevent African Americans from voting. The Court ruled that the Constitution did not grant the rights of assembling peaceably and bearing arms; it merely prohibited Congress from infringing upon those rights

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.

the Fourteenth Amendment temporary division of the South into military districts state guarantees of black men's right to vote creation of new state governments

The "overwhelming labor question" replaced slavery as the hot-button topic in the late nineteenth century. Identify the events and actions that illustrate the "overwhelming labor question."

the Great Railroad Strike Troops fired on striking workers in Pittsburgh, killing twenty people. The federal government built National Guard armories in major cities to ensure troops would be on hand if strikes got out of control

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

vertical integration

the process of controlling all aspects of business from procuring raw materials, to manufacturing, transporting, and distributing the final product

Woodrow Wilson moved vigorously to implement his version of Progressivism after winning the presidency in 1912. Match the name of his legislative successes to their respective details.

xempted labor unions from antitrust laws and barred courts from issuing injunctions curtailing the right to strike Correct label: Clayton Act of 1914 established an eight-hour workday on the nation's railroads Correct label: Adamson Act reduced duties on imports and, to make up for lost revenue, imposed a graduated income tax on the richest 5 percent of Americans Correct label: Underwood Tariff outlawed child labor in the manufacturing of goods sold in interstate commerce Correct label: Keating-Owen Act

Identify the statements that describe the Haymarket Affair

-Eight men were charged with carrying out the bombing -Four strikers were killed by police on May 3, 1886, when they clashed with strikebreakers

What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?

-Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners

What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?

-Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.

Identify the statements that describe "robber barons".

-John D. Rockefeller was considered by many to be the worst of the robber barons -Ironically, many of the "robber barons" rose from modest backgrounds and seemed examples of how creative genius and business sense enabled Americans to seize success

Identify the statements that describe working conditions and policies during the Gilded Age in America.

-Many industrial workers labored with no pensions, compensation for injuries, or protections against unemployment -"The miner's freedom" consisted of work rules that left skilled miners fee of managerial supervision on the job

Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?

-Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. -Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. -Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.

carpetbaggers

-Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war

Carpetbaggers

-Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South.an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war

Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?

-Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Reconstruction governments were corrupt.

Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?

-Reconstruction governments were corrupt. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped.

Identify the statements that describe liberal reformers during the Gilded Age.

-Some liberal reformers urged a return to property qualifications for voting -Liberal reformers feared that as lower classes looked to use govt. to further their own interests, democracy was becoming a threat to individual liberty and the rights to property

Identify the statements that describe the Knights of Labor.

-The Knights of Labor included women in its membership

Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?

-The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana. -Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote.

Identify the events and conditions that led to the second industrial revolution that took place between the Civil War and the early twentieth century.

-The federal govt. enacted tariffs that protected American industry from foreign competition -The country had a growing supply of labor and an expanding market for manufactured goods -There was money available for investment

What are Chief Joseph's complaints about the treatment of his people?

-The white men do not keep their word to his men -Despite his view that all men are brothers, the white men do not treat Indians as equals

scalawags

-These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. -Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

-They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane. -They established a state-funded free public education system

How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?

-They established the federal government as the protector of rights. -They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.

Why was education so important to freed blacks during this era?

-They wanted to be able to read the Bible. -They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics. -They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace.

Which of the following choices correctly describe former slaves' views of landownership during this era?

-They were entitled to land because of their unpaid labor. -It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control.

Identify the statements that describe the Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee massacre

-U.S. troops opened fire on Ghost Dancers, killing 150 to 200 of them -Fearful of a general uprising on the reservations, the U.S. govt. sent troops in response to the Ghost Dance

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

-a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' desire to discipline their labor force -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year

Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.

-a political gathering spot -a place of worship -housed schools -a place for social gatherings

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

-abolition of slavery -pardon nearly all white southerners who took an --oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

-abolition of slavery -pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments

Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.

-by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery -by traveling -by attending mass meetings and religious services

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.

-creation of new state governments -temporary division of the South into military districts, -state guarantees of black men's right to vote, -the Fourteenth Amendment

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

-establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

-pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments -abolition of slavery -repudiation of secession

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

-prohibited blacks from serving on juries -denied blacks the right to serve in state militias -not allowed blacks to vote -denied blacks right to testify in court against whites

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

-required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

-settle disputes between blacks and whites -establish schools for blacks -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged -reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.

-the Fourteenth Amendment -state guarantees of black men's right to vote -temporary division of the South into military districts -creation of new state governments

The "overwhelming labor question" replaced slavery as the hot-button topic in the late nineteenth century. Identify the events and actions that illustrate the "overwhelming labor question".

-the Great Railroad Strike -Troops fired on striking workers in Pittsburgh, killing twenty people -The federal govt. built National Guard armories in major cities to ensure troops would be on hand if strikes got out of control

Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.

-the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership

Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.

-the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership

Why was education so important to freed blacks?

-wanted opportunity to take part in politics -wanted to read the Bible -wanted to participate in the economic marketplace

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.

-white Republicans -teachers -blacks who became landowners -African-American political leaders

The competing visions of Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans brought forth the nation's first impeachment charges. Place the following events in chronological order. Note that not all options must be used.

1. Congress authorized the Tenure of Office Act in March 1867. 2. Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. 3. The House of Representatives initiated impeachment charges. 4. Johnson removed Secretary of War Ulysses S. Grant.

Tenure of Office Act

1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet

Reconstruction Act

1867 law that established temporary military governments in ten Confederate states—excepting Tennessee—and required that the states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and permit freedmen to vote.

Tenure of Office Act

1867 law that required the president to obtain Senate approval to remove any official whose appointment had also required Senate approval; President Andrew Johnson's violation of the law by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson's impeachment.

Fourteenth Amendment

1868 constitutional amendment that guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves, in words similar to those of the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that halted Chinese immigration to the United States

Ulysses S. Grant

18th U.S. President. 1869-1877. Republican

Platt Amendment

1901 amendment to he Cuban constitution that reserved the United States' right to intervene in Cuban affairs and forced newly independent Cuba to host American naval bases on the island.

Horatio Seymour, the 1868 Democratic nominee for president, carried the state where he had previously served as governor. Samuel Tilden, the 1876 Democratic nominee, had also been governor of the same state. Select the state on the map.

33

Identify the ways in which blacks celebrated their freedom.

567 by attending mass meetings and religious services by purchasing guns and alcohol by traveling

Why was education so important to freed blacks?

568 They wanted to be able to read the Bible. They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace. They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics.

Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.

568 a place for social gatherings a political gathering spot housed schools a place of worship

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

571-572 establish schools for blacks provide aid to the poor and aged settle disputes between blacks and whites secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts

Describe the new systems of labor that emerged in the South.

573 The task system survived in the rice kingdoms of South Carolina and Georgia, while wage labor was preferred in Louisiana's sugar plantations. Sharecropping came to dominate in the cotton and tobacco regions of Virginia and North Carolina.

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

574 a compromise between blacks' desire for land ownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision guaranteed planters a stable labor force required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year

In what ways did the Sharecropping contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

576-577 The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss their work for a day.

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

579 Pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union State conventions to establish new, loyal state governments Refusal to pay Confederate debts Abolition of slavery Repudiation of secession Appointment of provisional governors

The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans.

583 True

Identify the statements below that describe the Reconstruction Amendments.

586 served as the constitutional basis for the civil rights movement of the 1960s consisted of three amendments, which ultimately led to the incorporation of black Americans into society as citizens

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

590-591 They established a state-funded free public education system. They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane.

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

593 False

How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?

596-597 Enforcement Acts

Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?

596-597 Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks. Republicans began to face criticism from their constituencies about the cost of Reconstruction.

Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.

597-598 The Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership The growth of Democratic power in Congress The economic depression of the early 1870s

Identify the statements that describe the economy of the United States during the Gilded Age.

605-606 Over half of all American industrial workers worked in factories with more than 250 employees. In 1913, the United States' industrial output was the largest of any single industrialized nation in the world.

Identify the statements that describe the economic changes that occurred between 1870 and 1920.

606 Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in agriculture decreased significantly. The GNP per capita between 1870 and 1920 more than doubled. Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in industry grew significantly.

Match each term to the correct description.

609-611 The process of controlling all aspects of the business from procuring raw materials to manufacturing, transporting, and distributing the final product- vertical integration business leaders who wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated marketplace- robber barons The practice of buying out competing firms in an industry to monopolize an industry- horizontal expansions

Identify the statements that describe "robber barons."

610-611 Ironically, many of the "robber barons" rose from modest backgrounds and seemed examples of how creative genius and business sense enabled Americans to seize success. John D. Rockefeller was considered by many to be the worst of the robber barons.

Identify the statements that describe working conditions and policies during the Gilded Age in America.

611-612 "The miner's freedom" consisted of work rules that left skilled miners free of managerial supervision on the job. Many industrial workers labored with no pensions, compensation for injuries, or protections against unemployment.

In 1893, the historian Frederick Jackson Turner gave a celebrated lecture, "The Insignificance of the Frontier in American History," in which he argued the West had acted as a destabilizing and chaotic force in American history.

613 False Turner argued that the West defined many of the qualities we value as Americans: individual freedom, political democracy, and economic mobility. He argued the frontier had acted as a safety valve, drawing off those dissatisfied with their situation and allowing for them to change their circumstances.

Identify the statements that describe American westward expansion.

614 In the twentieth century, the American West became the focus of many federally funded public works projects. Western states used land donated by the federal government to establish public universities.

Despite promises in promotional pamphlets, farming on the Great Plains was not an easy task. Identify the statements that describe farming on the Great Plains.

615-616 The Homestead Act led to thousands of families moving westward to farm. Wheat and corn were primary crops grown on the Great Plains for the national and international markets.

Most of the farms on the Great Plains were bonanza farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers.

616 False While there were a few bonanza farms, most of the farms west of the Mississippi were still small, family farms. Even these farms had become more commercially oriented as they were connected to the wider world and its markets by the railroads.

Match the states in the industrial West to their primary industries.

619 gold, silver, and copper- Colorado timber- Washington oil and cattle- Texas

What are Chief Joseph's complaints about the treatment of his people?

622 Despite his view that all men are brothers, the white men do not treat Indians as equals. The white men do not keep their word to his men.

The Battle of the Little Bighorn was an example of how the Indians occasionally managed to defeat army units as they sought to defend their tribal lands.

624 False General George Custer and his entire command of 250 men perished in a battle against Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, who were defending tribal lands in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory.

Identify the statements that describe the relationship between Native Americans and white America.

624-625 In 1871, Congress eliminated the treaty system that dated back to the revolutionary era, by which the federal government negotiated agreements with Indians as if they were foreign nations. The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools where Indian children were sent to become "more American."

The conquest of the American West was a unique phenomenon in global history, whereby settlers moved boldly into the interior of regions of a great continent with a temperate climate, bringing their families, crops, and livestock, and establishing mining and other industries.

627-628 False Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Africa all experienced some form of the white settler experience. India and most of Africa were the only places the indigenous populations were able to resist and turn back colonial expansion.

The era from 1870 to 1890 was called the Gilded Age because it suggested that outward appearances were misleading, and one needed to look under the surface to understand what was happening.

629 True Gilded" means covered with a layer of gold, but it also suggests that the glittering surface masks a core of little real value and is therefore rather deceptive. Twain and Warner were referring to the explosive economic growth, rampant corruption, and the oppressive treatment of those left behind by the scramble for excessive wealth.

Identify the statements that describe the political scene in the United States during the Gilded Age.

630 Americans during the Gilded Age saw the country as an island of democracy in a world dominated by undemocratic governments. Powerful new corporations raised disturbing questions about the American understanding of political freedom and self-government.

Every Republican candidate for president from 1868 to 1900 except for James G. Blaine had fought in the Confederate army in the Civil War.

631 False Every Republican candidate for president from 1868 to 1900 except for James G. Blaine had fought in the Union army in the Civil War.

In 1879, the United States went off the gold standard to help debt-ridden farmers.

632 False In 1879 the United States returned to the gold standard by which currency was exchangeable with gold at a fixed rate.

Gilded Age national politics did not entirely lack accomplishments. Some reform legislation were passed. Match the legislation that was passed during the Gilded Age with the correct description.

632-633 banned all combinations and practices that restrained free trade- Sherman Antitrust Act established to ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable rates and did not offer better treatment to some shippers- Interstate Commerce Commission created a merit-based system for federal employees, with appointment via competitive testing rather than political appointment- Civil Service Act of 1883

The task of social science according to iron manufacturer Abram Hewitt was to devise ways to redistribute wealth "... in a fair and humane manner to the benefit of the health of the nation."

635 False Hewitt believed the task of social science was to devise ways of making "men who are equal in liberty" content with the "inequality in ... distribution" inevitable in modern society.

Identify the statements that describe liberal reformers during the Gilded Age.

635 Liberal reformers feared that as lower classes looked to use government to further their own interests, democracy was becoming a threat to individual liberty and the rights to property. Some liberal reformers urged a return to property qualifications for voting.

As the United States matured into an industrial economy, Americans struggled to make sense of a new social order that included "better classes," "respectable classes," and "dangerous classes." Identify the statements that describe the nation's social problems during the Gilded Age.

635 There was a growing permanent factory population living on the edge of poverty alongside a growing class of millionaires, which posed a sharp challenge to traditional definitions of freedom. Throughout the United States, state and local governments set up investigative committees to inquire into the relations between labor and capital in the face of increasing unrest.

In a video, Eric Foner discusses court decisions held against labor on the grounds of individual freedom, specifically liberty of contract. What were the most important decisions made by the Court?

638-639 The Supreme Court ruled that state laws regulating corporate behavior, limiting the number of hours a person could work, were unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court overturned laws that made it illegal for companies to pay their employees in scrip that could only be used at certain stores on the grounds it violated the right of property of these corporations.

Identify the statements that describe the Knights of Labor.

640-641 The Knights of Labor included women in its membership.

The Knights of Labor were the first group to try to organize unskilled and skilled labor, both men and women, and black and white, though they gave into West Coast racism and excluded the despised immigrants from Asia on the West Coast.

640-641 True The group reached a peak membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886 (making it the largest labor organization of the nineteenth century) and involved millions of workers in strikes, boycotts, political action, and educational and social activities.

Identify the statements that describe examples of Christian moral reform and its successful attempts to stamp out sin.

643-644 Women's Christian Temperance Union Gambling, prostitution, polygamy, and birth control were all targets of the legislation attempts to control or eliminate by Evangelical Christians in the Gilded Age. Mann Act of 1910

Identify the statements that describe the Haymarket Affair.

644-646 Four strikers were killed by police on May 3, 1886, when they clashed with strikebreakers. Eight men were charged with carrying out the bombing.

The Populist platform of 1892, adopted at the party's Omaha convention, remains a classic document of American reform. Identify the statements that describe the Populist platform of 1892.

653 called for public ownership of the railroads to ensure farmers would have inexpensive transportation to ship their crops to markets put forward a list of proposals that would restore democracy and economic opportunity

Populists refused to support the creation of labor unions and opposed government interference in the economy.

654 False Populists had a rather radical reform agenda that included public ownership of railroads, support for unions, a graduated income tax, low-cost government financing for farmers, and government control of the currency. It would take a generation, but much of what the Populists platform supported would be called for again by Progressives in the early twentieth century.

What does it reveal about Populist strength in the election of 1892?

655 There was more Populists support in the west than in the east. (Farming was the main economic driver in the West, and Populists message was aimed at their wants and needs.) Rural regions of the country represented a larger portion of the Populists vote.

How did the Populists try to appeal to industrial workers?

656 They supported the demands of Coxey's Army for the government to provide unemployment relief. They protected striking miners.

How did the Populists try to appeal to industrial workers?

656 They supported the demands of Coxey's Army for the government to provide unemployment relief. They protected striking miners. Populists supported woman suffrage.

Match the following terms and statements dealing with labor and government interactions.

656 federal troops called in to disperse hundreds of unemployed men marching on Washington- Coxey's Army (Jacob Coxey) declared martial law and sent militia and federal troops into mining regions to break up strikes- Idaho governor Strikes at a railroad car manufacturer led to a general strike by the American Railway Union that crippled national rail service- Pullman

Identify the statements that describe the Redeemers and the impact of their rise to power.

659-660 They were a group of merchants, planters, and entrepreneurs who dominated regional politics and sought to undo Reconstruction efforts They passed new laws authorizing the arrest of virtually any person without a job and greatly increased the penalties for petty crimes. They reduced budgets for schools and hospitals, as well as reduced taxes for people who owned property.

In 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to Alabama seeking political equality, freedom from violence, access to education, and economic opportunity.

661-662 False The real focus of migration was Kansas. They migrated to Kansas to escape the oppressive environment of the New South. The It became known as the Kansas Exodus after the biblical exodus of the Jews escaping from Egyptian slavery.

Between 1890 and 1906, every southern state attempted to enact laws and constitutional provisions meant to eliminate the black vote. Identify the methods and laws implemented to disenfranchise African-Americans and, to a lesser extent, poor whites.

663-664 poll tax literacy requirements grandfather clause

Plessy v. Ferguson was a decision by the Supreme Court in which it was determined that segregation was legal as long as "separate but equal" facilities were maintained for blacks and whites.

664-665 True The decision was 7-1 in favor of "separate but equal" facilities. This case strengthened segregation in the South. The lone dissenting justice was John Marshall Harlan who argued to his fellow justices, "Our constitution is color blind." To Harlan, freedom for the former slaves meant the right to participate fully and equally in American society.

The 1890s saw the widespread imposition of segregation in the South. Laws and local customs requiring the separation of the races had numerous precedents. Match the following terms dealing with segregation to the correct definition.

664-665 lone dissenting Supreme Court Justice in Plessy v. Ferguson - John Marshall Harlan The Supreme Court invalidated most of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 - the Civil Rights Cases state laws that required separate but equal facilities for the races - Plessy v. Ferguson lawyer who argued on behalf of black residents in Plessy v. Ferguson - Albion W. Tourgee

Identify the statements that describe segregation in the south

664-666 Segregation was part of a larger system of white supremacy. (Blacks and whites came into contact with one another all the time in the South. You couldn't just push them apart. Segregation was part of the system that was meant to ensure that when they did come into contact, it was the whites that held the power.) Plessy v. Ferguson provided the legal grounding for the institutionalization of segregation in the South. (Segregation, which became entrenched in the South in the early twentieth century, particularly after the Plessy v. Ferguson decision gave it a legal go-ahead in 1896, was in some ways a system of separation. There were black institutions and white, black entrances and white, black graveyards and white, black drinking fountains and white—you name it, every kind of activity had a black and white component.)

The 1890s witnessed a major shift in the sources of immigration to the United States. Define the key terms pertaining to the "new immigrants."

669-670 descriptive term used by native-born Americans to describe new immigrants- "races" the region(s) from which most 'new immigrants' came- Eastern Europe the region(s) from which most traditional immigrants came- Ireland, England, Germany, and Scandinavia

The Immigration Restriction League, while having a large membership, failed to have any impact on legislation in Congress limiting the influx of immigrants to the United States.

670 False The League called for reducing immigration by barring illiterates from entering the country. Eventually, such a measure was adopted by Congress but vetoed by President Grover Cleveland in 1897.

Identify the statements that describe Chinese immigration and immigrants to the United States.

670-672 Congress excluded Chinese women from entering the United States. The Chinese Exclusion Act temporarily barred immigrants from China. Chinese immigrants were required to carry identification at all times.

Within the labor movement, the demise of the Knights of Labor led to a shift away from the broadly reformist past to more limited goals. The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was indicative of this new direction. Identify the statements that describe the AFL.

673, 676 Rather than confronting the owners of industry head on, the AFL devoted itself to negotiating with employers for better working conditions and higher wages. The new AFL policies became known as "business unionism" in the language of the era's business culture.

What direction was the women's movement taking in the late nineteenth century?

676-677 With the rise in the employment of women card a new focus on woman suffrage. As women moved into areas that had previously only been open to men, they demanded a political voice.

Identify the statements that describe the United States on the international stage prior to 1890.

677-679 The United States was only a second-rate world power. The United States was focused on internal growth rather than international expansion.

Identify where the United States had attempted to extend its territory prior to 1890 and the age of American expansionism.

678-679 Alaska the Dominican Republic

The depression that began in 1893 heightened American nationalism and a call for a more aggressive foreign policy. Which of the following were outcomes of this hyper-patriotism?

680-681 The Pledge of Allegiance and the practice of standing for the playing of the "Star Spangled Banner" began during this period. New mass-circulation newspapers were distributed that promoted nationalistic sentiments.(Dubbed the "yellow press," these papers, with sensationalized coverage of the Spanish War in Cuba and hysterical unsubstantiated claims of Spanish treachery in the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine, would prove to be so popular and influential they all but pushed President McKinley to go to war with Spain in 1898.)

The depression that began in 1893 heightened American nationalism and a call for a more aggressive foreign policy. Which of the following were outcomes of this hyper-patriotism?

680-681 The Pledge of Allegiance and the practice of standing for the playing of the "Star Spangled Banner" began during this period. New mass-circulation newspapers were distributed that promoted nationalistic sentiments.

The explosion that destroyed the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, was proven without a doubt to have been the work of Spanish saboteurs.

681 False Subsequent investigations into the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine proved that it was an accident caused by a design flaw in the coal bunkers being too close to the magazines and the use of bituminous coal, which is ironic considering it was an important cause of the Spanish-American War.

What do they reveal about the Spanish-American conflicts in the Pacific and Caribbean?

682 America had victories in both the Pacific and the Caribbean.(The United States had now grown economically and militarily to conduct military operations over vast distances simultaneously.) American forces made direct attacks on Spanish possessions (American naval forces attacked Cuba in the Caribbean and the Philippine Islands in the Pacific.)

In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay announced the Open Door Policy with China demanding that Chinese authorities allow immigration to the United States.

683 False John Hay was demanding that the European powers that had recently divided China into commercial spheres of influence grant equal access to American exports. Even as the United States banned the immigration of Chinese into this country, Hay was insisting on access to the economy of China.

The Platt Amendment in the Cuban constitution was a guarantee from the U.S. government that it would not interfere in Cuban domestic affairs.

683 False The Platt Amendment, drafted into the Cuban constitution (written by Senator Orville H. Platt of Connecticut), authorized the United States to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit. The United States also received a permanent lease to naval bases in Cuba, including the now infamous Guantanamo Bay.

Identify the statements that describe the Philippine War.

683-684 Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Filipino rebellion against the Spanish, initially welcomed U.S. forces as allies against the Spanish. The war was brutal, and both sides committed atrocities during the conflict that ultimately tarnished the reputation of the United States. McKinley justified the brutal prosecution of the war on the grounds that the United States was trying to civilize and Christianize the Filipinos. The U.S. colonial administration immediately invested in railroads and harbors, brought in American school teachers and public health officials, and sought to modernize agriculture.

What was Coxey's Army?

A group of unemployed businessmen who marched to D.C. to demand economic relief

What was Coxey's Army?

A group of unemployed businessmen who marched to Washington, D.C., to demand economic relief

liberty of contract

A judicial concept of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries whereby the courts overturned laws regulating labor conditions as violations of the economic freedom of both employers and employees.

Coxey's Army

A march on Washington organized by Jacob Coxey, an Ohio member of the People's Party. Coxey believed in abandoning the gold standard and printing enough legal tender to reinvigorate the economy. The marchers demanded that Congress create jobs and pay workers in paper currency not backed by gold.

Kansas Exodus

A migration in 1879 and 1880 by some 40,000-60,000 blacks to Kansas to escape the oppressive environment of the New South

Lost Cause

A romanticized view of slavery, the Old South, and the Confederacy that arose in the decades following the Civil War.

Great Railroad Strike

A series of demonstrations, some violent, held nationwide in support of striking railroad workers in Martinsburg, West Virginia, who refused to work due to wage cuts.

Slaughterhouse Cases

A series of post-Civil War Supreme Court cases containing the first judicial pronouncements on the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. The Court held that these amendments had been adopted solely to protect the rights of freed blacks, and could not be extended to guarantee the civil rights of other citizens against deprivations of due process by state governments. These rulings were disapproved by later decisions.

Identify the scenario that reflects how women and children benefited from "maternalist reforms."

A single mother living in a tenement receives a pension from the government to support her and her children.

Ghost Dance

A spiritual and political movement among Native Americans whose followers performed a ceremonial "ghost dance" intended to connect the living with the dead and make the Indians bulletproof in battles intended to restore their homelands.

Click or tap to identify the coastal area that became known as "Sherman land"—land set aside by General Sherman's Special Field Order 15, in January 1865, for the resettlement of black families after the Civil War.

Along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Along with the Fourteenth Amendment, legislation that guaranteed the rights of citizenship to former slaves.

robber barons

Also known as "captains of industry"; Gilded-Age industrial figures who inspired both admiration, for their economic leadership and innovation, and hostility and fear, due to their unscrupulous business methods, repressive labor practices, and unprecedented economic control over entire industries.

What do they reveal about the Spanish-American conflicts in the Pacific and Caribbean?

America had victories in both the Pacific and the Caribbean. American forces made direct attacks on Spanish possessions.

Philippine War

American military campaign that suppressed the movement of Philippine independence after the Spanish-American War; America's death toll was over 4,00 and the Philippines' was far higher.

According to the video, why was Frederick Douglass's perspective on the question, "Who is an American?" considered radical for the time?

Anybody and everybody should be allowed citizenship

Social Darwinism

Application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of the "survival of the fittest" to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty.

The United States led the world in the conservation of natural resources. Identify the accomplishments of the following pioneering conservationists in the United States.

As the head of the U.S. Forest Service, he advised the president to set aside millions of acres of land as wildlife preserves. Correct label: Gifford Pinchot exercised federal policy to create parks like Yellowstone, Yosemite, and Glacier Correct label: Theodore Roosevelt founded the Sierra Club Correct label: John Muir

The United States led the world in the conservation of natural resources. Identify the accomplishments of the following pioneering conservationists in the United States

As the head of the U.S. Forest Service, he advised the president to set aside millions of acres of land as wildlife preserves. Correct label: Gifford Pinchot founded the Sierra Club Correct label: John Muir exercised federal policy to create parks like Yellowstone, Yosemite, and Glacier Correct label: Theodore Roosevelt

Identify the statements that describe the economic changes that occurred between 1870 and 1920.

Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in industry grew significantly. The GNP per capita between 1870 and 1920 more than doubled. Between 1870 and 1920, the percentage of people employed in agriculture decreased significantly.

Which of the following statements describe African-Americans and the Populist movement in the late nineteenth century?

Black farmers formed the Colored Farmers' Alliance. Most black farmers were tenants or agricultural laborers during this time.

Identify the statements that describe the experiences of African-Americans in the South.

Black men were excluded from white-collar jobs. In most of the Deep South, African-Americans owned a smaller percentage of land in 1900 than they did at the end of Reconstruction.

impeachment

Bringing charges against a public official; for example, the House of Representatives can impeach a president for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors" by majority vote, and after the trial the Senate can remove the president by a vote of two-thirds. Two presidents, Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, have been impeached and tried before the Senate; neither was convicted.

Anti-Imperialist League

Coalition of anti-imperialist groups united in 1899 to protest American territorial expansion, especially in the Philippine Islands; its membership included prominent politicians, industrialists, labor leaders, and social reformers.

single tax

Concept of taxing only landowners as a remedy for poverty, promulgated by Henry George in Progress and Poverty (1879).

The competing visions of Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans brought forth the nation's first impeachment charges. Place the following events in chronological order. Note that not all options must be used.

Congress authorized the Tenure of Office Act in March 1867. Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. The House of Representatives initiated impeachment charges.

Fifteenth Amendment

Constitutional amendment ratified in 1870, which prohibited states from discriminating in voting privileges on the basis of race.

What does Washington believe are the main routes to black advancement?

Correct Answer(s) embrace the work that is available in order to prosper collaborate with white neighbors in order to support mutual progress

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

Correct Answer: -abolition of slavery pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments -refusal to pay Confederate debts

Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.

Correct Answer: -by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery -by attending mass meetings and religious services -by traveling

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

Correct Answer: -establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged -reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves

Analyze the political cartoon depicting President Theodore Roosevelt. . Identify the statement that reflects the message of the cartoon, which was one of the central goals of the Roosevelt administration.

Correct choiceRoosevelt believed that "good" and "bad" corporations existed, and he was committed to going after greedy financiers interested only in profit.

crop lien

Credit extended by merchants to tenants based on their future crops; under this system, high interest rates and the uncertainties of farming often led to inescapable debts.

Populist party

Davis Waite, governor of Colorado and a Populist, sent in the militia and police to protect striking miners from company thugs trying to break the strike.

Bargain of 1877

Deal made by a Republican and Democratic special congressional commission to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876; Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who had lost the popular vote, was declared the winner in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from involvement in politics in the South, marking the end of Reconstruction.

Open Door Policy

Demand in 1899 by Secretary of State John Hay, in hopes of protecting the Chinese market for U.S. exports, that Chinese trade be open to all nations.

disenfranchisement

Depriving a person or persons of the right to vote; in the United States, exclusionary policies were used to deny groups, especially African-Americans and women, their voting rights.

What are Chief Joseph's complaints about the treatment of his people?

Despite his view that all men are brothers, the white men do not treat Indians as equals. The white men do not keep their word to his men.

Identify the statements that describe the Haymarket Affair.

Eight men were convicted of murder and condemned to death for the Haymarket bombing. Four strikers were killed by police on May 3, 1886, when they clashed with strikebreakers.

What does this image reveal about Americans' perception of government during the Progressive era and the fight for women's suffrage?

Empowered by the right to vote, women could help put an end to the corruption that tainted American government. Issues such as "white slavery," graft, and food adulteration were universal grievances and fears of Americans.

How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?

Enforcement Acts

How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?

Enforcement act

Identify the statements that describe Social Darwinism.

Evolution was a natural process of survival of the fittest; as such, the government must not intervene to aid the less fortunate. Social Darwinists believed that the poor were essentially responsible for their own fate.

According to Social Darwinism, the evolutionary process in humans was based on the survival of communities working together. Democratic Social Darwinists wanted the state to be the means of alleviating poverty to ensure the survival of the community. T or F?

False

According to Social Darwinism, the evolutionary process in humans was based on the survival of communities working together. Democratic Social Darwinists wanted the state to be the means of alleviating poverty to ensure the survival of the community.. T or F ?

False

Between the end of the Civil War and the early twentieth century, the United States experienced stagnant economic growth and the loss of international markets. T or F?

False

Despite valiant attempts, the Iroquois Nation was unable to stand up to American forces and never won a battle against the army. T or F?

False

Every Republican candidate for president from 1868 to 1900 except for James G. Blaine had fought in the Confederate army in the Civil War. T or F?

False

In 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to Alabama seeking political equality, freedom from violence, access to education, and economic opportunity. T or F?

False

In 1879, the United States went off the gold standard to help debt-ridden farmers. T or F?

False

In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay announced the Open Door Policy with China demanding that Chinese authorities allow immigration to the United States. T or F?

False

Most of the farms on the Great Plains were bonanza farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers. T or F?

False

Populists refused to support the creation of labor unions and opposed government interference in the economy. F or T?

False

President William Howard Taft vigorously opposed the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which authorized Congress to repeal all taxation on the wealthy.

False

The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans. T or F?

False

The Knights of Labor were the first group to try to organize unskilled and skilled labor, both men and women, and black and white, though they gave into West Coast racism and excluded the despised immigrants from Asia on the West Coast. T or F?

False

The Platt Amendment in the Cuban constitution was a guarantee from the U.S. government that it would not interfere in Cuban domestic affairs. T or F?

False

The Republicans in Congress were unified in their vision for Reconstruction. T or F?

False

The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom

False

The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom. T or F?

False

The conquest of the American West was a unique phenomenon in global history, whereby settlers moved boldly into the interior of regions of a great continent with a temperate climate, bringing their families, crops, and livestock, and establishing mining and other industries. T or F

False

The explosion that destroyed the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, was proven without a doubt to have been the work of Spanish saboteurs.

False

The new immigrants quickly assimilated into American culture, eager to learn the English language and expand their communities to include fellow immigrants from other cultures.

False

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

False

the republicans in congress were unified in their vision for reconstruction

False

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

False- The new state governments successfully established free public education, passed civil rights legislation that prohibited racial discrimination, helped to protect the growing population of sharecroppers, and promoted economic recovery.

IN 1879 the United States went off the gold standard to help debt-ridden farmers. T or F?

False. In 1879 the U.S. returned to the gold standard by which currency was exchangeable with gold at a fixed rate

Most of the farms on the Great Plains were bonanza farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers. T or F?

False. There were a few bonanza farms, but most of the farms were still small, family farms.

Every Republican candidate for president from 1868 to 1900 except for James G. Blaine had fought in the Confederate army in the Civil War. T or F?

False. They had all been a part of the Union Army except for Blaine.

The conquest of the American West was a unique phenomenon in global history, whereby settlers moved boldly into the interior of regions of a great continent with a temperate climate, bringing their families, crops, and livestock, and establishing mining and other industries. T or F?

False. This was not a unique phenomenon because it was happening in other countries as well, such as Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and most of Africa.

In 1893, the historian Frederick Jackson Turner gave a celebrated lecture, "The Insignificance of the Frontier in American History, " in which he argued the West had acted as a destabilizing and chaotic force in American history. T or F?

False. Turner argued that the West defined many of the qualities we value as Americans

Identify the improvement that Henry Ford made to his method of mass production and its resulting efficiencies, which led to automobiles being within reach of ordinary Americans.

Ford's factory adopted the moving assembly line, by which car frames were brought to workers on a continuously moving conveyer belt, consequently reducing the amount of time it took to build each car.

identify the improvement that Henry Ford made to his method of mass production and its resulting efficiencies, which led to automobiles being within reach of ordinary Americans.

Ford's factory adopted the moving assembly line, by which car frames were brought to workers on a continuously moving conveyer belt, consequently reducing the amount of time it took to build each car.

How do the two maps of the Barrow plantation, roughly twenty years apart, illustrate the effects of emancipation on rural life in the South?

Former slaves had their own church, and their children went to school. Slaves that formerly lived in communal quarters now lived in separate homes and worked the land as sharecroppers.

Analyze the map below. What does it reveal about the impact of emancipation?

Former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters. Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land. Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation.

Knights of Labor

Founded in 1869, the first national union; lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor.

populists

Founded in 1892, a group that advocated a variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators.

What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?

Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.

There were many varieties of Progressivism. What was the one issue on which all Progressives agreed?

Freedom must be infused with new meaning to deal with the economic and social conditions of the early twentieth century.

here were many varieties of Progressivism. What was the one issue on which all Progressives agreed?

Freedom must be infused with new meaning to deal with the economic and social conditions of the early twentieth century.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Gave blacks the privilege of American citizenship and denied states' the right to restrict blacks of their property, testify in court, and make contracts for their labor. Johnson vetoed this, but Congress voted to override the veto.

Ku Klux Klan

Group organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 to terrorize former slaves who voted and held political offices during Reconstruction; a revived organization in the 1910s and 1920s that stressed white, Anglo-Saxon, fundamentalist Protestant supremacy; revived a third time to fight the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s in the South.

According to the video, why was Frederick Douglass's perspective on the question, "Who is an American?" considered radical for the time?

He believed people of all races and national origins could become good Americans.

Robert M. La Follette led a Progressive administration as governor of Wisconsin. He turned that state into a "laboratory for democracy," instituting a series of measures that became known as the Wisconsin Idea. Which of the following measures are examples of La Follette's Wisconsin Idea policies?

He created a statewide system of insurance against illness, death, and accident. He barred the sale to private companies of land, mineral rights, and other natural resources owned by the state.

Robert M. La Follette led a Progressive administration as governor of Wisconsin. He turned that state into a "laboratory for democracy," instituting a series of measures that became known as the Wisconsin Idea. Which of the following measures are examples of La Follette's Wisconsin Idea policies?

He created a statewide system of insurance against illness, death, and accident. He barred the sale to private companies of land, mineral rights, and other natural resources owned by the state.

Andrew Carnegie was an industrial giant of the Gilded Age. Identify the statements that describe Carnegie.

He leveraged vertical integration to create the largest and most technologically advanced steel factories in the world. Carnegie distributed much of his wealth to various philanthropies.

Progressives believed that the modern era required a fundamental rethinking of the functions of political authority. Match the state or local political figure with his successful Progressive policy or philosophy.

He secured the passage of the Public Utilities Act, one of the country's strongest railroad-regulation measures, as well as laws banning child labor. Correct label: Governor Hiram Johnson He forced Detroit gas and telephone companies to lower their rates and established a municipal power plant. Correct label: Mayor Hazen Pingree The founder of the Oregon System that enabled voters to propose and vote on laws, and provided direct primaries to choose candidates for office. Correct label: William U'Ren He instituted measures known as the Wisconsin Idea, which included nominations of candidates for office through primary elections rather than by political bosses. Correct label: Robert M. La Follette

Identify the statements that describe the relationship between Native Americans and white America.

In 1871, Congress eliminated the treaty system that dated back to the revolutionary era, by which the federal government negotiated agreements with Indians as if they were foreign nations. The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools where Indian children were sent to become "more American."

Presidential Reconstruction

In December 1863 Lincoln introduced the first Reconstruction scheme, the Ten Percent Plan, thus beginning the period known as Presidential Reconstruction. The plan decreed that when one-tenth of a state's prewar voters had taken an oath of loyalty to the U.S. Constitution, its citizens could elect a new state government and apply for readmission to the Union. In addition, Lincoln promised to pardon all but a few high-ranking Confederates if they would take this oath and accept abolition. The plan also required that states amend their constitutions to abolish slavery. Conspicuous in this plan was the stipulation that only whites could vote or hold office.

Between 1883 and 1905, more than fifty people a year were lynched, which is murder by a mob, in the South. Identify the statements that describe lynching in the South.

In an attempt to justify the brutal lynching murder of African-Americans, many were accused of raping white women. Some lynchings occurred in secret, while others were advertised in advance. Many individuals who spoke out against lynching faced severe repercussions for their actions.

What does this cartoon reveal about popular attitudes toward companies like Standard Oil in the 1900s?

Industries functioned outside the law and were viewed as more powerful than the government. Industries had become too big to control, and they threatened to take over the world. Industries disregarded the rights of individual employees.

farmers in the south

Interruptions to cotton exportation led many farmers to go into debt and threatened them with the loss of their land. Correct label: mainly tenant farming

Analyze the image from the Votes-for-Women Publishing Company. What does this image reveal about Americans' perception of government during the Progressive era and the fight for women's suffrage?

Issues such as "white slavery," graft, and food adulteration were universal grievances and fears of Americans. Empowered by the right to vote, women could help put an end to the corruption that tainted American government.

Why did former slaves believe that landownership was the cornerstone of freedom?

It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control. They were entitled to the land because of their unpaid labor.

Analyze the print advertisement depicting the Statue of Liberty. What Progressive ideals does it illustrate?

It depicts the dawning of a "new civilization" that would enable Americans to enjoy economic equality in a world in which, according to Simon W. Patten, "every one is independent and free."

Impeachment of Johnson

Johnson was impeached for the charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors on February 24, 1868 of which one of the articles of impeachment was violating the Tenure of Office Act. He had removed Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office and replaced him with Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas

During this period of time, how did the workers' ideas of freedom differ from those held by the owners and managers of the industry, and how did the courts construe freedom?

Laborers looked to the government to protect their rights and ensure fair working conditions. Owners did not want the government to regulate business or interfere in the economy. The courts overturned numerous laws that controlled aspects of economic activity.

bonanza farms

Large farms that covered thousands of acres and employed hundreds of wage laborers in the West in the late nineteenth century.

Wounded Knee massacre

Last incident of the Indian Wars; it took place in 1890 in the Dakota Territory, where the U.S. Cavalry killed over 200 Sioux men, women, and children.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Law created by Radical Republicans that was originally vetoed by Johnson but overridden by Congress; established harsher requirements for Confederate states; divided Southern states into military districts; required states to vote to ratify 14th amendment

Dawes Act

Law passed in 1887 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers.

Civil Service Act of (1883)

Law that established the Civil Service Commission and marked the end of the spoils system.

Black Codes

Laws passed from 1865 to 1866 in southern states to restrict the rights of former slaves; to nullify the codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment.

In Gilded Age America, dissatisfaction with the new social order extended beyond the working class and into the middle class. Some of the most popular works of literature in the era concerned the crumbling social order or the means of fixing it. Match the authors to their literary contributions.

Looking Backward Correct label: Edward Bellamy The Cooperative Commonwealth Correct label: Laurence Gronlund Progress and Poverty Correct label: Henry George

grandfather clause

Loophole created by southern disenfranchising legislatures of the 1890s for illiterate white males whose grandfathers had been eligible to vote before the Civil War.

Identify the statements that describe examples of Christian moral reform and its successful attempts to stamp out sin.

Mann Act of 1910 Gambling, prostitution, polygamy, and birth control were all targets of the legislation attempts to control or eliminate by Evangelical Christians in the Gilded Age. Christian Temperance Union

Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?

Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.

Fill in the blanks to complete the statement describing the different political offices black men filled during Reconstruction.

More than 2,000 African-American men held public office during Reconstruction. They were elected into positions at all levels of government, including the House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate, and as governor of Louisiana. This represented a fundamental shift in power in the South.

identify whether the following initiatives were part of Wilson's "New Freedom" program or Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" program.

New Freedom Correct label: protection of the right of workers to unionize Correct label: active encouragement of small businesses Correct label: envisioned the federal government strengthening antitrust laws New Nationalism Correct label: heavy taxes on personal and corporate fortunes Correct label: federal regulation of railroads, mining, and oil

Interstate Commerce Commission

Organization established by Congress, in reaction to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Wabash Railroad v. Illinois (1886), in order to curb abuses in the railroad industry by regulating rates.

Identify the statements that describe segregation in the south.

Plessy v. Ferguson provided the legal grounding for the institutionalization of segregation in the South. Segregation was part of a larger system of white supremacy.

gold standard

Policy at various points in American history by which the value of a dollar is set at a fixed price in terms of gold (in the post-World War II era, for example, $35 per ounce of gold).

Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?

Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. Reconstruction governments were corrupt. Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality.

Redeemers

Post-Civil War Democratic leaders who supposedly saved the South from Yankee domination and preserved the primarily rural economy.

Identify the statements that describe the political scene in the United States during the Gilded Age.

Powerful new corporations raised disturbing questions about the American understanding of political freedom and self-government. Americans during the Gilded Age saw the country as an island of democracy in a world dominated by undemocratic governments.

lynching

Practice, particularly widespread in the South between 1890 and 1940, in which persons (usually black) accused of a crime were murdered by mobs before standing trial. Lynchings often took place before large crowds, with law enforcement authorities not intervening.

"separate but equal"

Principle underlying legal racial segregation, upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and struck down in Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

Radical Reconstruction

Provided for dividing states into military districts with military commanders to oversee voter registration that included adult African-American males for state conventions; state conventions to draft constitutions that provided for suffrage for black men; state legislatures to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.

Within the labor movement, the demise of the Knights of Labor led to a shift away from the broadly reformist past to more limited goals. The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was indicative of this new direction. Identify the statements that describe the AFL.

Rather than confronting the owners of industry head on, the AFL devoted itself to negotiating with employers for better working conditions and higher wages. The new AFL policies became known as "business unionism" in the language of the era's business culture.

Within the labor movement, the demise of the Knights of Labor led to a shift away from the broadly reformist past to more limited goals. The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was indicative of this new direction. Identify the statements that describe the AFL.

Rather than confronting the owners of industry head on, the AFL devoted itself to negotiating with employers for better working conditions and higher wages. The new AFL policies became known as "business unionism" in the language of the era's business culture.

the Freedmen's Bureau

Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning.

Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?

Reconstruction governments were corrupt. Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped.

Which of the following are true concerning the 1896 election?

Republicans' main challenge to the Populists' candidate was the "gold standard" as gold was the only "honest" currency. William Jennings Bryan was the candidate for the Democrats and the Populists. The election of 1896 is considered the first "modern" election by many historians.

Which of the following sayings or ideas can be attributed to President Theodore Roosevelt?

Roosevelt pushed for more direct federal regulation of the economy. Roosevelt believed there were "good" and "bad" corporations.

Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?

Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote. The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.

Identify the statements that describe segregation in the south.

Segregation was part of a larger system of white supremacy. Plessy v. Ferguson provided the legal grounding for the institutionalization of segregation in the South.

yellow press

Sensationalism in newspaper publishing that reached a peak in the circulation war between Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal in the 1890s; the papers' accounts of events in Havana Harbor in 1898 led directly to the Spanish-American War.

Insular Cases

Series of cases between 1901 and 1904 in which the Supreme Court ruled that constitutional protection of individual rights did not fully apply to residents of "insular" territories acquired by the United States in Spanish-American War, such as Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

Page 705 18.2. How did the labor and women's movements challenge the nineteenth-century meanings of American freedom? Analyze the map depicting socialist towns and cities in the United States between 1900 and 1920. Click on the map to enlarge. Socialists in the Progressive era never won more than 6 percent of the vote in presidential elections. But what does this map reveal about the socialist movement and its political success in the United States?

Socialist mayors were elected across the United States, from industrial towns to agricultural communities. Socialist commissioners were elected in states as diverse as Alabama, Montana, and Pennsylvania.

Socialists in the Progressive era never won more than 6 percent of the vote in presidential elections. But what does this map reveal about the socialist movement and its political success in the United States?

Socialist mayors were elected across the United States, from industrial towns to agricultural communities. Socialist commissioners were elected in states as diverse as Alabama, Montana, and Pennsylvania.

Between 1883 and 1905, more than fifty people a year were lynched, which is murder by a mob, in the South. Identify the statements that describe lynching in the South.

Some lynchings occurred in secret, while others were advertised in advance. Many individuals who spoke out against lynching faced severe repercussions for their actions. In an attempt to justify the brutal lynching murder of African-Americans, many were accused of raping white women.

Atlanta Compromise

Speech to the Cotton States and International Exposition in 1895 by educator Booker T. Washington, the leading black spokesman of the day; black scholar W. E. B. Du Bois gave the speech its derisive name and criticized Washington for encouraging blacks to accommodate segregation and disenfranchisement.

Match the following terms and statements dealing with labor and government interactions.

Strikes at a railroad car manufacturer led to a general strike by the American Railway Union that crippled national rail service. Correct label: Pullman unanimously confirmed the sentences and approved the use of injunctions against striking labor unions Correct label: Supreme Court case of In re Debs federal troops called in to disperse hundreds of unemployed men marching on Washington Correct label: Coxey's Army (Jacob Coxey)

The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement. Some of its leaders were disappointed that it didn't include women, while other leaders acknowledged the amendment's limitations but believed it represented an important step toward national suffrage.

TRUE

Match the type of labor system used during Reconstruction to its appropriate description.

Tenants rented a portion of land, and the crop yield was divided between the tenant and owner. -sharecropping Workers were assigned daily tasks that, once completed, ended their daily responsibilities. -task system Tenants used a portion of the crop as collateral to pay for supplies. -crop lien

Click or tap to identify the first former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union, during Reconstruction.

Tennessee

Click or tap to identify the last four former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union, as Reconstruction came to a close.

Texas, Mississippi, Georgia, Virginia

Chinese Americans fought the measures and restrictions put upon them through legal and illegal means. Match the state and Supreme Court cases of Chinese resistance to the correct description.

The California Supreme Court forced San Francisco to admit Chinese students into public schools. Correct label: Tape v. Hurley The Supreme Court ruled the Fourteenth Amendment awarded citizenship to children of Chinese immigrants born on American soil. Correct label: United States v. Wong Kim Ark The U.S. Supreme Court ordered the city of San Francisco to grant licenses to Chinese laundries. Correct label: Yick Wo v. Hopkins

Despite promises in promotional pamphlets, farming on the Great Plains was not an easy task. Identify the statements that describe farming on the Great Plains

The Homestead Act led to thousands of families moving westward to farm. Wheat and corn were primary crops grown on the Great Plains for the national and international markets.

identify the statements that describe the Knights of Labor.

The Knights of Labor included women in its membership.

The depression that began in 1893 heightened American nationalism and a call for a more aggressive foreign policy. Which of the following were outcomes of this hyper-patriotism?

The Pledge of Allegiance and the practice of standing for the playing of the "Star Spangled Banner" began during this period. New mass-circulation newspapers were distributed that promoted nationalistic sentiments.

What does the map reveal about the election of 1912?

The Socialist candidate managed to win 6 percent of the vote. The real political battle was between the competing philosophies of Wilson and Roosevelt.

Identify the statements that describe the Philippine War.

The U.S. colonial administration immediately invested in railroads and harbors, brought in American school teachers and public health officials, and sought to modernize agriculture. While Filipinos originally welcomed the American intervention as a way of breaking Spain's long hold, public opinion quickly changed as Americans sought continued control over the country.

Identify the statements that describe the United States on the international stage prior to 1890.

The United States was focused on internal growth rather than international expansion. The United States was only a second-rate world power.

Identify the statements that describe the United States on the international stage prior to 1890.

The United States was only a second-rate world power. The United States was focused on internal growth rather than international expansion.

How does the artist of the drawing use symbolism to express the Populist Party's views on woman suffrage?

The artist depicts a woman and man ringing the Liberty Bell together, suggesting that both men and women should work together to ensure women win the right to vote. The artist evokes the concept of liberty to suggest that both men and women should have equal rights, including voting.

Identify the statements that accurately describe the working environment within the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.

The company refused to negotiate with the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. The owners fired 200 employees when they tried to join the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU).

In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner. The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day.

In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day. The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner.

Given the information in the map, how would the results of the 1876 presidential election best be summarized?

The hair's-breadth result showed how divided the nation was.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

The last piece of Reconstruction legislation, which outlawed racial discrimination in places of public accommodation such as hotels and theaters. Many parts of it were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883.

Within the labor movement, the demise of the Knights of Labor led to a shift away from the broadly reformist past to more limited goals. The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was indicative of this new direction. Identify the statements that describe the AFL.

The new AFL policies became known as "business unionism" in the language of the era's business culture. Rather than confronting the owners of industry head on, the AFL devoted itself to negotiating with employers for better working conditions and higher wages.

The presidential election of 1876 saw some regions of the country leaning Republican and others leaning Democrat. Which statements correctly describe the geographic voting patterns?

The new states out west were Republican territory. The East Coast was mostly Democrat territory. Southern states voted Democrat.

Analyze the table showing women's participation in the labor force from 1900 to 1930. What does it reveal about employment trends in the early twentieth century?

The percentage of married women in the labor force doubled between 1900 and 1930. By 1930, the percentage of the total workforce comprised of women was larger than the total percentage of all women who worked. By 1930, the total number of women who worked increased by almost 4 percent.

horizontal expansion

The process by which a corporation acquires or merges with its competitors.

Which of the following statements describe socialism in the United States during the Progressive era?

The ultimate goal of the Socialist Party was public ownership of railroads and factories, which would lead to democratic control of the economy. The Socialist Party demanded improvements to labor conditions. The Socialist Party became a strong political force by mobilizing unions.

Which of the following statements describe socialism in the United States during the Progressive era

The ultimate goal of the Socialist Party was public ownership of railroads and factories, which would lead to democratic control of the economy. The Socialist Party demanded improvements to labor conditions. The Socialist Party became a strong political force by mobilizing unions.

Identify the statements that describe the Philippine War.

The war was brutal, and both sides committed atrocities during the conflict that ultimately tarnished the reputation of the United States. McKinley justified the brutal prosecution of the war on the grounds that the United States was trying to civilize and Christianize the Filipinos. The U.S. colonial administration immediately invested in railroads and harbors, brought in American school teachers and public health officials, and sought to modernize agriculture. Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Filipino rebellion against the Spanish, initially welcomed U.S. forces as allies against the Spanish.

What does it reveal about Populist strength in the election of 1892?

There was more Populist support in the West than in the East. Rural regions of the country represented a larger portion of the Populist vote.

Radical Republicans

These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. They did not allow blacks to vote. They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites. They prohibited blacks from serving on juries.

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

They established a state-funded free public education system. They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane.

How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?

They established the federal government as the protector of rights. They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.

Identify the statements that describe either programs of social insurance or the workmen's compensation laws enacted by 1913.

They included minimum wage laws and laws regulating working hours, but these laws applied only to women and children.

Identify the statements that describe either programs of social insurance or the workmen's compensation laws enacted by 1913.

They included minimum wage laws and laws regulating working hours, but these laws applied only to women and children. They included workmen's compensation laws to benefit workers, male or female, injured on the job.

How did Hull House and other "settlement houses" transform the lives of their tenants?

They made health care accessible. They created employment bureaus to assist adults in obtaining jobs. They provided schools and playgrounds for children.

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. They did not allow blacks to vote. They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites.

How did the Populists try to appeal to industrial workers?

They protected striking miners. They supported the demands of Coxey's Army for the government to provide unemployment relief.

In the 1890s, the Farmers' Alliance evolved into the People's Party (or Populists), the era's greatest political insurgency. Identify the statements that describe the Populists.

They spread their message through pamphlets, newspapers, and speakers. They wanted government to move beyond partisan conflicts to promote the public good.

Why was education so important to freed blacks?

They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace. They wanted to be able to read the Bible. They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics.

Identify the statements that describe the Redeemers and the impact of their rise to power.

They were a group of merchants, planters, and entrepreneurs who dominated regional politics and sought to undo Reconstruction efforts They passed new laws authorizing the arrest of virtually any person without a job and greatly increased the penalties for petty crimes. They reduced budgets for schools and hospitals, as well as reduced taxes for people who owned property.

Identify the statements that describe the Redeemers and the impact of their rise to power.

They were a group of merchants, planters, and entrepreneurs who dominated regional politics and sought to undo Reconstruction efforts They reduced budgets for schools and hospitals, as well as reduced taxes for people who owned property. They passed new laws authorizing the arrest of virtually any person without a job and greatly increased the penalties for petty crimes.

14th Amendment

This amendment declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were entitled equal rights regardless of their race, and that their rights were protected at both the state and national levels.

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

This bill was designed to destroy the Black Codes by giving African Americans full citizenship. As expected, President Johnson vetoed the bill, which Congress simply overturned.

Mann Act of 1910

This legislation banned the transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes in an effort to suppress prostitution

Enforcement Acts

Three acts passed by Congress allowing the government to use military force to stop violence against southern African Americans.

Enforcements Acts

Three laws passed in 1870 and 1871 that tried to eliminate the Ku Klux Klan by outlawing it and other such terrorist societies; the laws allowed the president to deploy the army for that purpose.

Crop-lien system

To finance the sharecropping system, southerners turned to this system of borrowing and debt. Landowners and sharecroppers borrowed (at high interest rates) against the future harvest. Lenders insisted that they produce cash crops like cotton. The system made landowners and sharecroppers dependent on local merchants, and it prevented the development of diversified farming in the South.

In 1894, the Populist vote increased in rural areas but failed to increase substantially among the urban workers. T or F?

True

Muckrakers saw American cities as teeming with corporate greed that was undermining traditional American values

True

The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.

True

The Farmers' Alliance was the largest citizen's movement of the nineteenth century. In the beginning, it sought only to improve rural conditions, but it gradually became more politically involved, asking the federal government to store unsold crops and use them as collateral for loans to the farmers. T or F?

True

The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement, as some of its leaders, who were disappointed that it didn't enfranchise woman, separated from their former antislavery allies, while others stayed aligned with them in support of the greater cause for equal rights for all.

True

The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of race.

True

The Gilded Age marketplace proved to be chaotic as businesses in all industries engaged in ruthless competition. In response to this chaos, many businesses created trusts--legal devices whereby the affairs of several companies were managed by a single director. T or F?

True

The Gilded Age marketplace proved to be chaotic as businesses in all industries engaged in ruthless competition. In response to this chaos, many businesses created trusts—legal devices whereby the affairs of several companies were managed by a single director. T or F?

True

The Knights of Labor were the first group to try to organize unskilled and skilled labor, both men and women, and black and white, though they gave into West Coast racism and excluded the despised immigrants from Asia on the West Coast. T or F?

True

The Ku Klux Klan was a racially motivated terrorist organization that spread throughout the entire South during Reconstruction. T or F?

True

The Ku Klux Klan was a racially motivated terrorist organization that spread throughout the entire south during reconstruction

True

The Liberal Republican Party began to side with Democrats in believing that the federal government's power had grown too much during the war and needed to be curtailed.

True

The Social Gospel movement originated as an effort to reform Protestant churches by expanding their appeal in poor urban neighborhoods and making them more attentive to the era's social ills. T or F

True

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), which grew to become the era's largest female organization by 1890, demanded the prohibition of alcoholic beverages because they worried they threatened the stability of men and ultimately their homes. T or F?

True

The era from 1870 to 1890 was called the Gilded Age because it suggested that outward appearances were misleading, and one needed to look under the surface to understand what was happening. T or F?

True

True Or False The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), which grew to become the era's largest female organization by 1890, demanded the prohibition of alcoholic beverages because they worried they threatened the stability of men and ultimately their homes.

True

True or False The idea of the Lost Cause was a romanticized view of the causes of the Civil War, slavery, and the Old South. This myth was perpetuated by many southern churches and denominations, creating a mythology that equated the South's defeat with the death of Christ, as if the South had been sacrificed for the sins of the United States.

True

Identify the statements that describe the Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee massacre.

U.S. troops opened fire on Ghost Dancers, killing 150 to 200 of them. Fearful of a general uprising on the reservations, the U.S. government sent troops in response to the Ghost Dance.

Click or tap to identify the former Confederate states that could not participate in the 1868 presidential election, due to Reconstruction.

Virginia, Texas, Mississippi

Identify the statements that describe Booker T. Washington and his ideas.

Washington urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights. Washington emphasized the importance of vocational education that would lead to a job over a broad education.

new immigrants

Wave of newcomers from southern and eastern Europe, including many Jews, who became a majority among immigrants to America after 1890.

Identify the statements that describe American westward expansion

Western states used land donated by the federal government to establish public universities. In the twentieth century, the American West became the focus of many federally funded public works projects.

Analyze the cartoon "Practical Illustration of the Virginia Constitution" (ca. 1870), and complete the following statement.

Whites feared that Reconstruction would result in integrated schools and blacks having representation in the court system, including sitting on juries.

Click or tap to identify the western territory that in 1869 extended to women the right to vote.

Wyoming

In 1893, membership in the National American Woman Suffrage Association stood at 13,000. The group had some success by 1900, as more than half the states allowed women to vote in the local elections. Which states adopted full women's suffrage by 1900?

Wyoming Idaho Utah Colorado

In 1893, membership in the National American Woman Suffrage Association stood at 13,000. The group had some success by 1900, as more than half the states allowed women to vote in the local elections. Which states adopted full women's suffrage by 1900?

Wyoming, Colorado, Oregon and Utah

The emergence of the United States as an imperial power sparked intense debate, and the empire became a hot political topic. How did the following organizations and individuals oppose the American empire?

a collection of social reformers who believed American energies and resources should be focused on the home country Correct label: Anti-Imperialist League ran for president with a platform focused on opposing the Philippine War and American military action overseas Correct label: William Jennings Bryan a number of Supreme Court cases that determined that the U.S. Constitution did not fully apply to the newly acquired territory gained in the Spanish-American War Correct label: Insular Cases

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) had 1.6 million members by 1904. The AFL represented mainly skilled, white, native-born workers. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) was founded in response to the lack of representation for unskilled and foreign-born workers. Identify the goals and accomplishments of these two organizations.

advocated cooperation with corporate and political leaders to achieve workers' goals Correct label: AFL strongly advocated a workers' revolution that would seize the means of production and abolish the state Correct label: IWW sought to organize and mobilize workers excluded from other labor organizations, including the immigrant factory-labor force, women, blacks, and the Chinese on the West Coast Correct label: IWW

Identify the accomplishments and philosophies of the following Progressive-era figures.

advocated for applying scientific inquiry to solve modern social problems Correct label: Walter Lippman advocated for reformers to improve the lives of the poor, not from afar, but by moving into poor neighborhoods and building networks of support, including schools and health clinics Correct label: Jane Addams believed that government was best run by impartial "experts" unaccountable to the citizenry Correct label: Robert M. La Follette

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.

blacks who became landowners white Republicans African-American political leaders

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted

blacks who became landowners African-American political leaders white Republicans teachers

Dawes Act

broke up the land of nearly all the western tribes

robber barons

business leaders who wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated marketplace

The Populist platform of 1892, adopted at the party's Omaha convention, remains a classic document of American reform. Identify the statements that describe the Populist platform of 1892.

called for public ownership of the railroads to ensure farmers would have inexpensive transportation to ship their crops to markets put forward a list of proposals that would restore democracy and economic opportunity

Match the descriptions of white Republicans in the South during Reconstruction: carpetbaggers and scalawags

carpetbaggers: -Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war scalawags: -These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. -Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.

What does it reveal about the realities of emancipation?

correct: -Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land -former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters -Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation

In 1876, Winslow Homer painted this imaginary scene between a former slave and a slaveowner. What does he suggest about the relationship among freedmen and former slaveowners in his painting?

correct: -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners. -Freed blacks and former slave owners still interacted frequently after emancipation.

Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?

correct: -Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. -Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. -Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.

Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?

correct: -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. -Reconstruction governments were corrupt.

Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.

correct: -defined all persons born in the United States as citizens -ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

correct: -required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' desire to discipline their labor force

Identify the statements below that describe the Reconstruction amendments.

correct: -served as the constitutional basis for the civil rights movement of the 1960s -consisted of three amendments, which ultimately led to the incorporation of black Americans into society as citizens

Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.

correct: -the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.

correct: -white Republicans -blacks who became landowners -African-American political leaders

Civil Service Act of 1883

created a merit-based system for federal employees, with appointment via competitive testing rather than political appointment

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction

creation of new state governments, temporary division of the South into military districts, state guarantees of black men's right to vote, the Fourteenth Amendment

Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.

defined all persons born in the United States as citizens ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights

What does Washington believe are the main routes to black advancement?

embrace the work that is available in order to prosper collaborate with white neighbors in order to support mutual progress

How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?

enforcement acts

Identify the statements that describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.

ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights defined all persons born in the United States as citizens

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

establish schools for blacks secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts settle disputes between blacks and whites provide aid to the poor and aged reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves

Interstate Commerce Commission

established to ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable rates and did not offer better treatment to some shippers

Woodrow Wilson moved vigorously to implement his version of Progressivism after winning the presidency in 1912. Match the name of his legislative successes to their respective details.

exempted labor unions from antitrust laws and barred courts from issuing injunctions curtailing the right to strike Correct label: Clayton Act of 1914 reduced duties on imports and, to make up for lost revenue, imposed a graduated income tax on the richest 5 percent of Americans Correct label: Underwood Tariff outlawed child labor in the manufacturing of goods sold in interstate commerce Correct label: Keating-Owen Act established an eight-hour workday on the nation's railroads Correct label: Adamson Act

Populists refused to support the creation of labor unions and opposed government interference in the economy.

false

The Immigration Restriction League, while having a large membership, failed to have any impact on legislation in Congress limiting the influx of immigrants to the United States. T or F?

false

The Platt Amendment in the Cuban constitution was a guarantee from the U.S. government that it would not interfere in Cuban domestic affairs.

false

The Republicans in Congress were unified in their vision for Reconstruction.

false

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

false

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

false (The new state governments successfully established free public education, passed civil rights legislation that prohibited racial discrimination, helped to protect the growing population of sharecroppers, and promoted economic recovery.)

Identify the key regional differences between farmers in the South and the West.

farmers in the West Correct label: mortgaged land to purchase equipment, seed, and fertilizer farmers in the South Correct label: mainly tenant farming Correct label: Interruptions to cotton exportation led many farmers to go into debt and threatened them with the loss of their land.

Match the following terms and statements dealing with labor and government interactions.

federal troops called in to disperse hundreds of unemployed men marching on Washington Correct label: Coxey's Army (Jacob Coxey) declared martial law and sent militia and federal troops into mining regions to break up strikes Correct label: Idaho governor Strikes at a railroad car manufacturer led to a general strike by the American Railway Union that crippled national rail service. Correct label: Pullman

Identify the trends and events that catalyzed the large-scale global movement of people that took place during the Progressive era.

few opportunities in immigrants' native countries rapid industrial expansion and the decline of traditional agriculture political turmoil, including revolutions and burdensome taxation, in immigrants' home countries

dentify the trends and events that catalyzed the large-scale global movement of people that took place during the Progressive era.

few opportunities in immigrants' native countries rapid industrial expansion and the decline of traditional agriculture political turmoil, including revolutions and burdensome taxation, in immigrants' home countries

Ku Klux Klan

founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American

What Progressive issues does Mitchell allude to in this passage on "industrial liberty"?

he need to eliminate child labor the concept of a living wage the importance of education

The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and -. Southern whites defined freedom as -, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to - and advance in society.

landownership, a privilege, and compete

The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and ___________. Southern whites defined freedom as a ____________, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to _________ and advance in society.

landownership, privilege, compete

Black Codes

laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers

The 1890s saw the widespread imposition of segregation in the South. Laws and local customs requiring the separation of the races had numerous precedents. Match the following terms dealing with segregation to the correct definition.

lawyer who argued on behalf of black residents in Plessy v. Ferguson Correct label: Albion W. Tourgée The Supreme Court invalidated most of the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Correct label: the Civil Rights Cases state laws that required separate but equal facilities for the races Correct label: Plessy v. Ferguson lone dissenting Supreme Court Justice in Plessy v. Ferguson Correct label: John Marshall Harlan

farmers in the west

mortgaged land to purchase equipment, seed, and fertilizer

What does it reveal about the political stalemate between 1876 and 1892? Match the region with its political alignment

most likely to vote Republican Correct label: the North most likely to vote Democratic Correct label: the South most likely to vote irregularly Correct label: the West

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction

pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union repudiation of secession appointment of provisional governors abolition of slavery state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments refusal to pay Confederate debts

Between 1890 and 1906, every southern state attempted to enact laws and constitutional provisions meant to eliminate the black vote. Identify the methods and laws implemented to disenfranchise African-Americans and, to a lesser extent, poor whites.

poll tax literacy requirements grandfather clause

horizontal expansions

practice of buying out competing firms in an industry to monopolize an industry

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

provide aid to the poor and aged secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts settle disputes between blacks and whites establish schools for blacks

Freedman's Bureau

provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, schools for former slaves and the poor whites

Match the following individuals to their ideas or works.

published The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890), in which he argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade Correct label: Alfred T. Mahan inspired many of the religious missionaries who ventured abroad in the late nineteenth century to spread Christianity to prepare the world for the second coming of Christ, and uplift the poor Correct label: Dwight Moody secretary of state to President Benjamin Harrison who urged the president to acquire key territories for naval bases Correct label: James G. Blaine

The Populist platform of 1892, adopted at the party's Omaha convention, remains a classic document of American reform. Identify the statements that describe the Populist platform of 1892.

put forward a list of proposals that would restore democracy and economic opportunity called for public ownership of the railroads to ensure farmers would have inexpensive transportation to ship their crops to markets

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force guaranteed planters a stable labor force preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision

Match the descriptions of white Republicans in the South during Reconstruction.

scalawags Correct label: Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites. Correct label: These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power carpetbaggers Correct label: Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. Correct label: Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain.

James G. Blaine

secretary of state to President Benjamin Harrison who urged the president to acquire key territories for naval bases

Sharecropping

system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops

Identify the economic conditions in the South by matching the locations and regions to their descriptions.

the "number one" economic problem in the country, as the per capita income was below the national average Correct label: the South important textile region Correct label: South Carolina important mining and steel center Correct label: Birmingham, Alabama

Identify where the United States had attempted to extend its territory prior to 1890 and the age of American expansionism.

the Dominican Republic Alaska

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.

the Fourteenth Amendment temporary division of the South into military districts state guarantees of black men's right to vote creation of new state governments

Identify the economic conditions in the South by matching the locations and regions to their descriptions.

the South -the "number one" economic problem in the country, as the per capita income was below the national average Birmingham, Alabama -important mining and steel center the New South -a promise of a new economic era of prosperity in the region that was heavily promoted, but never became a reality

Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.

the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks the economic depression of the early 1870s the growth of Democratic power in Congress northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership

Analyze the passage from John Mitchell's "The Workingman's Conception of Industrial Liberty" (1910). Liberty means more than the right to choose the field of one's employment. He is not a free man whose family must buy food today with the money that is earned tomorrow. He is not really free who is forced to work unduly long hours and for wages so low that he not provide the necessities of life for himself and his family; who must live in a crowded tenement and see his children go to work in the mills, the mines, and the factories before their bodies are developed and their minds trained. What Progressive issues does Mitchell allude to in this passage on "industrial liberty"?

the need to eliminate child labor the importance of education the concept of a living wage

The 1890s witnessed a major shift in the sources of immigration to the United States. Define the key terms pertaining to the "new immigrants."

the region(s) from which most 'new immigrants' came- EASTERN EUROPE the region(s) from which most traditional immigrants came-Ireland, England, Germany, and Scandinavia descriptive term used by native-born Americans to describe new immigrants- RACES

The 1890s witnessed a major shift in the sources of immigration to the United States. Define the key terms pertaining to the "new immigrants."

the region(s) from which most traditional immigrants came Correct label: Ireland, England, Germany, and Scandinavia descriptive term used by native-born Americans to describe new immigrants Correct label: "races" the region(s) from which most 'new immigrants' came Correct label: eastern Europe

William U'Ren was the founder of the Oregon System and a leading figure of Progressive reform. While the Oregon System was very successful, identify the two issues that broke the alliance between the middle-class urbanites, and workers and farmers.

the requirement for state government to provide employment for the unemployed a referendum to increase taxes on the wealthy

Analyze the illustration from The New Immigration. Click on the image to enlarge. What does it reveal about the concept of "new immigration" in the Progressive era?

they were from east and south Europe

Douglass believed that the United States was a nation of innumerable races. He believed that migration and the right to hold office both were essential to freedom and citizenship. In this speech, in particular, Douglass argued for the rights and liberties of the Chinese in America.

true

Muckrakers saw American cities as teeming with corporate greed that was undermining traditional American values.

true

Plessy v. Ferguson was a decision by the Supreme Court in which it was determined that segregation was legal as long as "separate but equal" facilities were maintained for blacks and whites.

true

The Liberal Republican Party began to side with Democrats in believing that the federal government's power had grown too much during the war and needed to be curtailed.

true

Match the Progressive-era president to the event that occurred during his administration.

used the Sherman Antitrust Act to dissolve the Northern Securities Company Correct label: Roosevelt attacked John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1911 Correct label: Taft implemented the Clayton Act of 1914, exempting unions from antitrust laws and barring courts from issuing injunctions that would curtail the right to strike Correct label: Wilson