Ch.17
Identify the experiences for women in the American West that were unique from those in the rest of the country.
-Because of the constant fight for survival, married women became more equal partners with their husbands than in the East. -In mining towns, the ratio of men to women was 9 to 1.
Identify the ideas and attitudes that inspired the suppression of African American civil rights in the late-nineteenth-century South.
-the desperation of southern white farmers who deeply resented any economic or political success among the African American community -the U.S. and European revival of the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race
The new generation of African Americans born after the Civil War were much more submissive than their parents, fearful that any transgression would spur the resurgence of slave labor
-true
As many as ____ of the cowboys who participated in the Texas cattle drives were afrtican americans
25 percent
mining town male to female ratio was as high as _____
9 to 1
What were some of the reasons for the emergence of the People's party during the 1890s?
Correct Answer(s) The belief that the U.S. government had moved away from its founding principles and no longer represented the interests of the American people spread among impoverished Americans. Communities in the South and the West tried to gain more political power and representation at the expense of established eastern elites.
Congress decided to ask Native Americans to give up their ancestral lands and move to faraway reservations in return for peace.
Correct label: "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes"
During this conflict federal troops suffered a resounding defeat to Sioux forces, but eventually prevailed in the Great Sioux War.
Correct label: Battle of Little Bighorn
Promised protection by the territorial governor of Colorado, 165 Native Americans were massacred by a federal militia.
Correct label: Sand Creek Massacre
Which of the following statements regarding race relations in the last years of the 19th century is most accurate?
Economic, legal, and social discrimination against blacks increased
______ was the name for the afrtican americans who migrated west in search of socail and economic opportunities
Exodusters
Frederick Jackson Turner theorized that the West would maintain all of the characteristics that arose as a result of the frontier era.
False
Henry Woodfin Grady, a southern journalist, was an advocate for the New South. He noted that there had been an Old South "of slavery and secession—that South is dead. There is now a New South of union and freedom—that South, thank God, is living, breathing, and growing every hour." What does Grady advocate in this statement?
Grady advocates for a southern economy that is no longer based exclusively on plantations and a social world that is not dominated by the elite of a plantation aristocracy.
Identify the repercussions of the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes."
It led to the establishment of an "Indian Peace Commission." It endorsed white settlement of the West.
What change did the national census of 1890 indicate that had not previously occurred in U.S. history?
It was the first census to indicate that Americans had populated the country from coast to coast.
Westbound settlers came from various economic and social
Men and women of African American, Asian, European, and Hispanic descent were all part of the western settlement.
The Supreme Court case of ___________ was pivotal in its establishment of the practice of __________ facilities, legitimizing the racial segregation of almost every aspect of southern life. The case began with Homer Plessy, a man of one-eighth __________ descent, who chose to remain in an exclusively white rail car and was found in violation of the law. This historic ruling ___________ the practice of segregation in public spaces and inspired a new wave of regulations known as the _______________.
Plessy v. Ferguson separate but equal African legally sanctioned Jim Crow laws.
In a devastated South, many white southerners began to romanticize the Old South and embrace the idea of the "Lost Cause." How did this nostalgia effect the creation of a so-called New South?
The "Lost Cause" was a view of southerners during the Civil War as righteous defenders of their homeland and culture against northern aggression.
. Put the events that led to the end of the frontier era in chronological order.
The Dawes Severalty Act is created. The first national census of the 1890s reports that the frontier era in American development is over. Frederick Jackson Turner authors his "frontier thesis."
During the late nineteenth century, what were the social and economic circumstances that advocates for a New South faced in the postwar South compared to those in the North?
The South was far less industrial than the North and depended on the region for goods that southern states were incapable of manufacturing themselves. The South was far less successful than the North, both in education and per capita income.
How did an economic system of sharecroppers and tenants fail to uphold Henry Grady's vision of the New South?
The South was much less industrial than Grady envisioned. Land became extremely difficult to acquire, and a majority of southern farmers were landless and barely surviving. The agricultural landscape of the south was far less diverse than Grady envisioned.
How did the crop-lien system affect cotton production and economic development in the post-Civil War era?
The crop-lien system encouraged persistent production of cotton and the crop continued to dominate southern agriculture as it had before the Civil War.
Long cattle drives were instrumental in the early growth of the cattle industry. What caused the decline of this method of transportation?
The expansion of the railroad into Texas made long cattle drives prohibitively expensive. Long cattle drives deteriorated the quality of the cattle. Native Americans imposed surcharges on ranchers moving cattle through their land.
Analyze this quotation from an Exoduster minister: "We had rather suffer and be free than go back to the racist South." What does it reveal about the African American western experience?
The experiences of blacks in the South were far worse than their current circumstances in the West. African Americans who migrated to Kansas from southern states experienced the hardships of frontier life.
What impact did the growth of the cattle industry have on ranchers in the West?
The growth of railroad networks allowed cattle ranching to expand into Texas and the high plains as far as Montana. The introduction of barbed wire ended the open range, in which ranchers had used land cooperatively, and put many ranchers out of business.
Many in the south believed that they had lost the war because
The south relied too much on slavery and cotton cultivation
which statement regarding the crop-lien system is most accurate?
The system was inefficient, corrupt, and racially unfair
The steady decline in the price of cotton failed to incentivize farmers to stop producing the less profitable crop.
True
. Describe how the South and West had changed by 1900. Frederick Jackson Turner's "frontier thesis" described the history of the United States in relation to its history of westward expansionism. What were some of the criticisms levied against his thesis?
Turner largely omitted the negative repercussions of westward expansion in favor of tales of "heroism, triumph, and progress." His "frontier thesis" substantially addressed the history of only white male Christian settlers
____________ qrgued black repsonse to racial prejudice should be "ceaseless agitation"
W.E.B Du Bois
n 1888, a Native American named ------ claimed to have visited the spirit world and announced that a deliverer would be coming to help Indians restore their native lands. To hasten this development, he urged Native Americans to perform a ceremonial dance that would make them ------- in battles with white soldiers. By 1890, this ceremonial Ghost Dance had spread to -------- in South Dakota. The dance frightened white authorities in the area, who banned it, leading to tension in which nervous soldiers fired into peaceful crowds of Native Americans. This gunfire resulted in the Battle of ------, in which over 200 Indians died.
Wovoka Bulletproof Lakota Sioux wounded knee
In the last quarter of the 19th century, most southern communities lacked ______, so they relied on ______
banks, barter
In the second half of the 19th century all of the following were found in the new west except
bronze
partly as a result of ____ being published by helen jackson, u.s. policies regarding indians graddually ___
century of dishonior, improved
originated in Texas and traveled northward, with many ending up in Utah's Great Basin :___
cowboys
all of the following consittute the great plains except
eastern kansas
Henry Woodfin Grady attributed the successful rise of the New South to the meticulous implementation of Congressional Reconstruction policies.
false
The frontier indian wars began with the closing of the frontier in 1890
false
Under the redeemers, there was a well-planned and effective effort to disenfranchise african american voters
false
as a result of high cotton prices, many share croppers were able to save money and buy farms
false
. moved their families west into the Great Plains
farmers
u.s. gov. encouraged western settlement by doing all of the following except
giving land to former slaves
. lured by the most recent strike, traveled east from California into Utah and Nevada:___
miners
This conflict between federal troops and southern Plains Indians resulted in the latter's defeat.
red river war
Identify the various strategies of voter suppression carried out through the Mississippi Plan.
requiring voters to reside in the state for two years, with one-year residency in the election district requiring voters to have paid all taxes, including a specific tax for voting called a poll tax. prohibiting voters convicted of certain crimes from casting a ballot
as the south industrialized after the civil war, it saw its greatest industrial gains in
textiles
What were some of the changes to the southern economy that were advocated by supporters of the New South?
the development of an industrial sector within the southern economy the expansion of greater economic diversity the use of more efficient farming techniques and technology on southern farms
____ were the bloody battles between u.s. soldiers and indians from 1800's and 1870's
the inidan wars
Advocates for the new south believed that
the south needed to embrace new technologies
w.o.t.f. regarding the southern economy at the end of the 19th century is most accurate?
the south was producing as much cotton as it has before the civil war
As large-scale corporations became more involved in mining operations in the West, many former prospectors became wage laborers for the companies. In turn, these miners formed unions to represent their interests. Which of the following responsibilities were the unions'?
to negotiate with mining companies to address the issue of low wages to defend miners in cases of on-the-job injury
In recognition of their vital role, particularly on family farms, and in order to attract more female settlers, several western states were the first to grant women the right to vote and hold political office.
true
Chinese immigrants, many of who settled in ____ to work on the railroads and in the ____ industry, were often the subject of harsh discrimination and denied the rights of _____. They were often blamed during times of ____ struggle and were officially banned from _____ to the United States through the _______ of 1882.
California mining citizenship economic immigrating Chinese Exclusion Act
The 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty ensured that Plains Indians maintained some of their ancestral homeland. What contributed to the provisions of the treaty?
Chiefs from numerous Plains Indian tribes agreed to accept defined territorial borders for the Native Americans of the Plains and mountainous West, but had to allow white settlers' wagon caravans to pass through their territory on their way West.
