ch.19

If filtering and boiling water can prevent infection, how do you think most gastrointestinal illnesses are transmitted?

Through the fecal-oral route

The HE results indicate the presences of Salmonella.

false

Amoebae are a group of protozoa that move and feed using __________.

lobe-shaped pseudopods Submit

Which of the following symptoms is LEAST characteristic of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning

moderate vomiting and fever Submit

How did this couple become infected with C. jejuni

ingestion of contaminated, raw milk

What is the recommended course of therapy

oral fluids Submit

The EMB results would accurately be reported as two fecal coliforms / 100 mlml water sample

true

Which of the following statements is true concerning the life cycle of Giardia lamblia

After ingestion, a Giardia lamblia cyst hatches into two trophozoites in the small intestine

What is the best way to prevent the spread of this infection?

All food handlers are required to wash their hands thoroughly after using the restroom

Which of the following explains the mechanism of dental cavity formation

Biofilms on the surface of the teeth ferment sugars (especially sucrose), and the resulting acid degrades the tooth enamel and damages dentin

How does boiling water kill pathogens in it

Boiling denatures proteins and cell membranes.

What is the most likely cause of this couple's disease

Campylobacter jejuni

Which of the following statements accurately describes a chronic Hepatitis B viral infection?

Chronic Hepatitis B viral infections can promote cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinomas.

What would have been the possible source for this patient's infection?

Contaminated water in Thailand was used for drinking or cooking

Which of the following provides the best definition for the term dysentery?

Diarrhea accompanied by pain, blood, and/or mucus

The organism isolated from the sprouts is oxidase negative, motile, ferments glucose and lactose, and cannot utilize citrate. What organism is it?

Escherichia coli

Ashleigh's working diagnosis for her patients was based mainly on the signs and symptoms present, which included fever, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. Which of these manifestations are signs

Fever Vomiting Diarrhea

Your patient complains of upper abdominal pain, heartburn, and indigestion. Based on the patient's case history and clinical presentation, you believe that your patient has a stomach ulcer caused by a resident microorganism. You ask the microbiology laboratory to culture the stomach pathogen from a gastric tissue biopsy. Which of the following bacterial genera would you expect the microbiology laboratory to observe in the patient's culture

Helicobacter

Which of the following virulence factors are used by Shigella to facilitate development of disease

Induction of endocytosis Toxin production Actin propulsion system

Which of the following media is used to isolate Gram-negative organisms

MacConkey agar plate

Which of the following best describes the role of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Phagocytic protection from pathogens and mediation of immune responses

You are tending to your preschool-aged patient who presents with excessive anal itching. The child's mother notes that the child woke several times during the night due to anal irritation. Gastrointestinal symptoms are absent. You recommend performing a tape test on the child. Which of the following diseases is the pediatric patient most likely afflicted with?

Pinworm

How does the child chewing on clover leaves impact the list of suspected potential pathogens?

Since only the ill child chewed on the clover leaves, it is now more likely that the clover leaves are the source of infection (as opposed to the raw eggs and poultry). Fecal matter from the free-roaming chickens may have contaminated the clover leaves. Thus pathogens found naturally in chicken intestines should be of increasing concern.

If you were an epidemiologist looking for the source of the pathogen, what samples would you collect at Jane's house?

Stool sample of caretakers Soil sample (including clover sample) Food preparation areas (such as kitchen countertops), food preparation tools (such as knives used to cut food), and consumed food items (including the baby jar food)

What other potential symptoms should Jane be looking for in her daughter over the next few days

Symptoms of dehydration (including fewer wet diapers, little to no tear production, and decreased skin turgor) Signs of sepsis and septic shock (such as hypotension and tachycardia)

Which of the following organisms is most likely the causative agent of Michael's tapeworm infection?

Taenia solium

Compare the anatomy of the tapeworm (Image C) to the anatomy of the roundworm (Image D). Given that both are parasitic worms, which of the following reasons best explains why the tapeworm is flat

Tapeworms utilize diffusion to absorb nutrients from the host's digestive system.

Why did the pediatrician assume Jane was mishandling raw eggs and poultry

The girl's exhibited symptoms align with campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, diseases caused by gastrointestinal pathogens that are known to be associated with poultry

Based on information provided, what is another piece of evidence that may support Jane's claim of safe food handling?

The sick twin had stuffed clover leaves into her mouth, making the clover leaves a suspected source of infection, as opposed to a contaminated food item or preparation area. - Only one of the twin daughters is ill, yet both children most likely ate the same food items (the fruit and baby jar food item).

If not handled promptly with the correct treatment regime, which of the following infections may develop and be considered as life threatening

extraintestinal amebiasis

Which food is the most likely source of the infection?

sprouts

After ingesting contaminated spinach, your patient presents with fever, jaundice, severe abdominal pains, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. You believe that the patient has contracted Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Which of the following laboratory techniques would be the most useful for identification of the foodborne pathogen

ultural analysis of stool sample on sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC) agar

What is the word used to refer to diseases transmissible from animals to humans

zoonoses

Is the pediatrician suspecting a bacterial or viral pathogen? What tests will help identify the causative pathogen?

A bacterial pathogen is suspected. Stool samples from infected individuals should be sent for growth culture analysis. Submit

Which of the following organisms can cause water-borne diarrheal disease

Cryptosporidium enteritis Vibrio cholerae Entamoeba histolytica Submit

Which of the following clinical signs and symptoms is characteristic of a mumps infection?

Dry mouth Swelling of the parotid salivary glands

Your teenage patient presents with muscle weakness and is unable to move her legs. She notes that yesterday she felt a tingling sensation in her feet. Three weeks prior, the patient had a severe diarrheal illness. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism through which the patient contracted this illness

Eating undercooked chicken

Which species of amoeba would be considered the causes this patient's disease?

Entamoeba histolytica

Which of the following represents the MOST LIKELY route of transmission for Michael's infection?

Foodborne - Eating undercooked, unwashed, or otherwise contaminated food that contained parasitic propagules

Richard loves his job working for the Tri-County Water District. In his seven years with the district, he has had many different jobs; currently he is a Waste Water Treatment Laboratory Technician. Today, he is doing his routine visit to one of the three Waste Water Treatment Facilities, where he'll collect samples of the treated water to take back to the lab. At the lab, his coworker Joey will do a chemical analysis of the water, while he does the microbiological analysis. To collect the samples at the waste water facility, Richard first dons his gloves, and then he uses the grab sample technique to fill his various containers, filling the sterile glass flasks he will use for his micro analysis last. To preserve the chemical integrity of the water sample and accurate microbial population estimates, these samples have to be chilled, and the analysis must begin within the hour. Once all of his samples are collected, he disinfects the outside of the containers, removes his gloves, and disposes of them in the biohazard bin. After washing his hands, he gets out a waterproof pen to label the containers with his name, the sample site location, and the date and time of the sample collection. Back at the lab, Richard gives the chemistry samples to Joey, and then heads to his microbiology lab. He starts setting up his tests to look for Enterobacteriaceae in the water samples.Which of the following best describes the Enterobacteriaceae group (enteric bacteria

Gram-negative bacillus found in many locations including animal intestines

Was the pediatrician negligent in not prescribing antibiotics? Why or why not

No. Supportive therapy is the suggested treatment for mild cases of several bacterial diseases, including the one presented in the case study

Two days after disembarking on a Caribbean cruise, twenty percent of the passengers aboard an American cruise ship became violently ill with profuse vomiting and diarrhea. Gastrointestinal symptoms lasted up to 3 days. Patients ranged in age from toddler to senior, and the majority of those infected were up-to-date on all vaccinations. Which of the following infections was the most likely cause of illness aboard the ship?

Norovirus gastroenteritis

Which of the following are virulence factors used by Helicobacter pylori to facilitate the development of stomach ulcers

Production of VacA toxin Polar flagella

Why does Dr. Clark request stool samples for examination

Tapeworms are pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract; as a natural progression of digestion some of the tapeworm pieces will be expelled along with fecal matter. He will have the laboratory prepare the samples for an ova and parasite (O&P) exam. Fresh or preserved stool samples can be observed microscopically for the presence of parasites or their eggs/cysts.

Which protozoan disease would be responsible for the symptoms seen in this patient

amebic dysentery

Along with intravenous rehydration, many of the medication groups listed below may be used for secondary infections. But which group must be used if the infection is to be controlled

antiprotozoan medications