Ch2 Aircraft Systems
A higher barometric pressure indicates: - The actual altitude of the airplane indicated on the altimeter. - A lower altitude on the altimeter. - A higher altitude on the altimeter.
A lower altitude on the altimeter.
Which instrument is affected if the pitot tube is blocked? - Altimeter. - Vertical speed indicator. - Airspeed indicator.
Airspeed indicator.
The rotating propeller of an airplane makes a very good gyroscope and thus has similar properties. In a prop driven airplane, a decrease in pitch attitude results in: - A yawing moment to the left around the vertical axis. - A pitching moment to the right around its lateral axis. - A yawing moment to the right around the horizontal axis.
A yawing moment to the left around the vertical axis.
Which gyroscopic instrument is the foundation for all instrument flight? - Turn Coordinator. - Heading Indicator. - Attitude indicator.
Attitude indicator.
What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine? - Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges. - Test each brake and the parking brake. - Place the magneto or ignition switch momentarily in the OFF position to check for proper grounding.
Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges.
When taxiing with strong quartering tailwinds, which aileron positions should be used? - Ailerons neutral. - Aileron down on the side from which the wind is blowing. - Aileron down on the downwind side.
Aileron down on the side from which the wind is blowing.
Which aileron positions should a pilot generally use when taxiing in strong quartering headwinds? - Ailerons neutral. - Aileron down on the side from which the wind is blowing. - Aileron up on the side from which the wind is blowing.
Aileron up on the side from which the wind is blowing.
Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude? - Atmospheric pressure lower than standard. - Air temperature lower than standard. - Air temperature warmer than standard.
Air temperature warmer than standard.
Which instrument(s) will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged? - Airspeed only. - Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed. - Altimeter only.
Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed.
If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 to 29.96, what is the approximate change in indication? - Altimeter will indicate 150 feet higher. - Altimeter will indicate .15 inches Hg higher. - Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.
Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.
Static pressure, also known as ambient pressure, is: - Is never present when the aircraft is in motion. - Present only when an aircraft is in motion. - Always present whether an aircraft is moving or at rest.
Always present whether an aircraft is moving or at rest.
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration? - Upper limit of the white arc. - Upper limit of the green arc. - Lower limit of the white arc.
Lower limit of the white arc.
Which factor would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport? - An increase in ambient temperature. - An increase in barometric pressure. - A decrease in relative humidity.
An increase in ambient temperature.
Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value? - At sea level, when the temperature is 0 °F. - When the altimeter has no installation error. - At standard temperature.
At standard temperature.
The only instrument that provides an instantaneous, direct indication of the airplane's pitch and bank attitude is the: - Heading indicator. - Turn and bank indicator. - Attitude indicator.
Attitude indicator.
Carburetor ice is most likely to occur when temperatures are: - Below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. - Above 105 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). - Below 70 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and the relative humidity is above 80 percent.
Below 70 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and the relative humidity is above 80 percent.
How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from an attitude indicator such as the one illustrated? - By the direction of deflection of the banking scale (A). - By the relationship of the miniature airplane (C) to the deflected horizon bar (B). - By the direction of deflection of the horizon bar (B).
By the relationship of the miniature airplane (C) to the deflected horizon bar (B).
Extending the flaps: - Lowers the stalling speed. - Increases the stalling speed. - Allows for more stable control in a slow flight condition.
Lowers the stalling speed.
Using a turn and slip indicator, how do you know that you are in a coordinated turn? - Centering the ball results in a coordinated turn. - The miniature airplane's wing is pointing to the 30 degree mark. - The miniature airplane's wing is pointing to the 15 degree mark
Centering the ball results in a coordinated turn.
A disconnected ground wire from a magneto to the ignition switch: - Will cause no observable problem in the aircraft's operation or shutdown. - Could allow the engine to continue to run after the ignition switch is turned off. - Will cause a fire in the engine compartment.
Could allow the engine to continue to run after the ignition switch is turned off.
What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating? - Reduce the airspeed. - Increase the RPM. - Enrichen the fuel mixture.
Enrichen the fuel mixture.
If you land without the use of flaps, the approach will be: - Faster and shallower. - Slower and shallower. - Slower and steeper.
Faster and shallower.
Why is it a good idea to visually inspect to make sure that the crankcase breather lines are free of ice? - Outside moisture may have entered the lines and frozen. - Crankcase oil may have frozen in the lines. - Ice may have formed as a result of the crankcase vapors freezing after the engine has been turned off.
Ice may have formed as a result of the crankcase vapors freezing after the engine has been turned off.
Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude? - In warmer than standard air temperature. - In colder than standard air temperature. - When density altitude is higher than indicated altitude.
In colder than standard air temperature.
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration? - Upper limit of the green arc. - Lower limit of the green arc. - Upper limit of the white arc.
Lower limit of the green arc.
The order of operation regarding the strokes of a typical four-stroke per cycle airplane engine is: - Compression, intake, power, and exhaust. - Power, compression, intake, and exhaust. - Intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
Intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
The magnetic compass: - Is self powered. - Needs electrical current to operate. - Needs vacuum power to work.
Is self powered.
How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tailwheel airplane with a left quartering tailwind? - Left aileron down, elevator down. - Left aileron up, elevator neutral. - Left aileron down, elevator neutral.
Left aileron down, elevator down.
How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tricycle-gear equipped airplane into a left quartering headwind? - Left aileron down, elevator neutral. - Left aileron up, elevator down. - Left aileron up, elevator neutral.
Left aileron up, elevator neutral.
For a given power setting with a constant-speed, variable pitch propeller: - High pitch results in high RPM. - Low pitch results in high RPM. - Low pitch results in low RPM.
Low pitch results in high RPM.
The common heading indicator requires periodic adjustment. It is important to check its indications frequently against the: - Turn and bank indicator. - Magnetic compass. - Attitude indicator.
Magnetic compass.
What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators? - Maneuvering speed. - Maximum structural cruising speed. - Never-exceed speed.
Maneuvering speed.
Most U.S. built aircraft engines rotate the propeller clockwise, as viewed from the pilot's seat. When the aircraft's wheels are on the ground during the takeoff roll, torque reaction causes: - More weight to be placed on the left main landing gear. - There is no torque reaction as long as the airplane's wheels are on the ground. - More weight to be placed on the right main landing gear.
More weight to be placed on the left main landing gear.
What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent? - Maneuvering speed. - Turbulent or rough-air speed. - Never-exceed speed.
Never-exceed speed.
There is no acceleration/deceleration error on a heading of: - North or south. - 240 degrees or 60 degrees. - East or west.
North or south.
During flight, when are the indications of a magnetic compass accurate? - Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight. - As long as the airspeed is constant. - During turns if the bank does not exceed 18°.
Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight.
What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller? - Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient performance. - Permits the pilot to select and maintain a desired cruising speed. - Provides a smoother operation with stable RPM and eliminates vibrations.
Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient performance.
How is power controlled on an airplane equipped with a constant-speed propeller? - Power is controlled by the tachometer. - Power output is controlled by the throttle and indicated by a manifold pressure gauge. - Power is controlled by the prop control.
Power output is controlled by the throttle and indicated by a manifold pressure gauge.
Position (navigation) lights on an aircraft are: - White for the left wingtip, green for the right wing tip, and red for the tail. - Green for the left wingtip, red for the right wing tip, and white for the tail. - Red for the left wingtip, green for the right wing tip, and white for the tail.
Red for the left wingtip, green for the right wing tip, and white for the tail.
What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb? - Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed. - Reduce climb speed and increase RPM. - Increase climb speed and increase RPM.
Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed.
Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing? - Temperature between 20 and 70 °F and high humidity. - Temperature between 32 and 50 °F and low humidity. - Any temperature below freezing and a relative humidity of less than 50 percent.
Temperature between 20 and 70 °F and high humidity.
What would happen if your airplane experienced a complete electrical failure during flight? - The engine driven fuel pump will fail. - The engine ignition system will fail. - The airplane will lose all electrical equipment.
The airplane will lose all electrical equipment.
If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected? - The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and turn-and-slip indicator. - The altimeter, attitude indicator, and turn-and-slip indicator. - The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator.
The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator.
What is pressure altitude? - The indicated altitude corrected for position and installation error. - The indicated altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature and pressure. - The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92.
The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92.
On a turn from south: - The compass exaggerates the rate of turn. - The compass will match the exact heading. - The compass with lag behind the airplane.
The compass exaggerates the rate of turn.
At the beginning of a turn from a northerly heading: - The compass will show the correct heading. - The compass will show a turn in the opposite direction. - The compass will lead the turn.
The compass will show a turn in the opposite direction.
Most of the heat caused by internal combustion is eliminated via: - Oil circulating through the oil cooler. - Air directed around the engine by the use of engine baffles. - The exhaust system.
The exhaust system.
As you are climbing to your cruise altitude, you realize you forgot to lean the mixture control. What happens to fuel/air mixture entering the engine? - Altitude has no effect on the fuel/air mixture in modern airplane engines. - The fuel-air mixture is leaner because the density of air increases while the amount of fuel remains constant. - The fuel-air mixture becomes richer because the density of air decreases while the amount of fuel remains constant.
The fuel-air mixture becomes richer because the density of air decreases while the amount of fuel remains constant.
What is density altitude? - The height above the standard datum plane. - The altitude read directly from the altimeter. - The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.
The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.
The air/fuel ratio (AFR) is the measurement of: - The ratio of weight of air to the weight of fuel in the mixture. - The ratio of the volume of air to the volume of fuel in the wing tanks prior to reaching the engine. - The ratio of volume of air to the volume of fuel in the mixture.
The ratio of weight of air to the weight of fuel in the mixture.
ou have been running an excessively rich mixture for some time now. As a result: - The engine will become severely damaged due to excess fuel vapors. - The throttle response is greatly increased. - The spark plugs may become fouled.
The spark plugs may become fouled.
What is true altitude? - The height above the standard datum plane. - The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface. - The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
What is one purpose of wing flaps? - To relieve the pilot of maintaining continuous pressure on the controls. - To decrease wing area to vary the lift. - To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.
To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.
Which color identifies the normal flap operating range? - The green arc. - The lower limit of the white arc to the upper limit of the green arc. - The white arc.
The white arc.
Why are reciprocating engines preferred over other types for small aircraft. - They are less expensive to operate and they are simple in design. - They provide less drag over other engine types. - They use less fuel than other designs.
They are less expensive to operate and they are simple in design.
What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane? - To control overbanking tendency. - To control yaw. - To control roll.
To control yaw.
Why do most standard certificated aircraft incorporate a dual ignition system with two individual magnetos, separate sets of wires, and spark plugs? - The engine will not run properly with only one magneto. - To increase reliability of the ignition system. - To ensure engine balance.
To increase reliability of the ignition system.
What is the purpose of the airplane engine's mixture control? - To regulate the ratio of gasoline to air entering the fuel distribution system. - To speed up or slow down the airplane much like the gas pedal on your car. - It allows the oil to flow more quickly into the engine's crankcase.
To regulate the ratio of gasoline to air entering the fuel distribution system.
Which would most likely cause the cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to exceed their normal operating ranges? - Using fuel that has a higher-than-specified fuel rating. - Operating with higher-than-normal oil pressure. - Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.
Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.
Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude? - When at sea level under standard conditions. - When at 18,000 feet MSL with the altimeter set at 29.92. - If the altimeter has no mechanical error.
When at sea level under standard conditions.
A too rich mixture: - Will create spark plug fouling. - Will cause the engine to overheat. - Will cause the engine to run more smoothly.
Will create spark plug fouling.
The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting - a decrease in RPM and then a constant RPM indication. - an increase in RPM and then a gradual decrease in RPM. - a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.
a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if - an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading. - an aircraft is decelerated while on an east or west heading. - a left turn is entered from a west heading.
an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading.
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if - an aircraft is decelerated while on an east or west heading. - a left turn is entered from a west heading. - an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading.
an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading.
A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to - always use a rich mixture with high RPM settings. - avoid high RPM settings with high manifold pressure. - avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.
avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.
Should it become necessary to handprop an airplane engine, it is extremely important that a competent pilot - be in the cockpit and call out all commands. - call 'contact' before touching the propeller. - be at the controls in the cockpit.
be at the controls in the cockpit.
Excessively high engine temperatures will - cause damage to heat-conducting hoses and warping of the cylinder cooling fins. - not appreciably affect an aircraft engine. - cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
Excessively high engine temperatures, either in the air or on the ground, will - result in damage to heat-conducting hoses and warping of cylinder cooling fans. - increase fuel consumption and may increase power due to the increased heat. - cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
Deviation error of the magnetic compass is caused by - northerly turning error. - the difference in location of true north and magnetic north. - certain metals and electrical systems within the aircraft.
certain metals and electrical systems within the aircraft.
In the Northern Hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate - a turn momentarily. - a turn toward the south. - correctly when on a north or south heading.
correctly when on a north or south heading.
Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to - have no effect on engine performance. - increase engine performance. - decrease engine performance.
decrease engine performance.
The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to - increase the amount of fuel in the mixture to compensate for the decrease in pressure and density of the air. - decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density. - decrease the amount of fuel in the mixture in order to compensate for increased air density.
decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.
If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause - lower cylinder head temperatures. - a mixture of fuel and air that is not uniform in all cylinders. - detonation.
detonation.
The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the - difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet. - automatic metering of air at the venturi as the aircraft gains altitude. - increase in air velocity in the throat of a venturi causing an increase in air pressure.
difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.
Applying carburetor heat will - not affect the fuel/air mixture. - result in more air going through the carburetor. - enrich the fuel/air mixture.
enrich the fuel/air mixture.
An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would - probably experience engine failure due to the loss of the engine-driven fuel pump and also experience failure of the radio equipment, lights, and all instruments that require alternating current. - probably experience failure of the engine ignition system, fuel gauges, aircraft lighting system, and avionics equipment. - experience avionics equipment failure.
experience avionics equipment failure.
The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as - low as 0 °F and the relative humidity is high. - high as 70 °F and the relative humidity is high. - high as 95 °F and there is visible moisture.
high as 70 °F and the relative humidity is high.
If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is warmer than standard, the density altitude is - higher than pressure altitude. - equal to pressure altitude. - lower than pressure altitude.
higher than pressure altitude.
If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate - lower than the actual altitude above sea level. - the actual altitude above sea level. - higher than the actual altitude above sea level.
higher than the actual altitude above sea level.
To minimize the side loads placed on the landing gear during touchdown, the pilot should keep the - downwind wing lowered sufficiently to eliminate the tendency for the aircraft to drift. - direction of motion of the aircraft parallel to the runway. - longitudinal axis of the aircraft parallel to the direction of its motion.
longitudinal axis of the aircraft parallel to the direction of its motion.
If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be - engine roughness. - a drop in oil temperature and cylinder head temperature. - loss of RPM.
loss of RPM.
If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate - the actual altitude above sea level. - lower than the actual altitude above sea level. - higher than the actual altitude above sea level.
lower than the actual altitude above sea level.
If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to - apply carburetor heat. - lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed. - lean the mixture.
lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.
The angular difference between true north and magnetic north is - magnetic deviation. - magnetic variation. - compass acceleration error.
magnetic variation.
With regard to carburetor ice, float-type carburetor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems are generally considered to be - susceptible to icing only when visible moisture is present. - equally susceptible to icing. - more susceptible to icing.
more susceptible to icing.
A turn coordinator provides an indication of the - angle of bank up to but not exceeding 30°. - attitude of the aircraft with reference to the longitudinal axis. - movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axis.
movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axis.
To receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be - set prior to flight on a known heading. - periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses. - calibrated on a compass rose at regular intervals.
periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses.
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as - combustion. - pre-ignition. - detonation.
pre-ignition.
Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will - prevent expansion of the fuel by eliminating airspace in the tanks. - prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks. - force any existing water to the top of the tank away from the fuel lines to the engine.
prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.
As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will - remain the same regardless of altitude. - decrease as the true airspeed increases. - decrease as the true airspeed decreases.
remain the same regardless of altitude.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when - a right turn is entered from a west heading. - a left turn is entered from an east heading. - the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading.
the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading.
For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines are especially dependent on - air flowing over the exhaust manifold. - the circulation of lubricating oil. - a properly functioning thermostat.
the circulation of lubricating oil.
Detonation may occur at high-power settings when - an excessively rich fuel mixture causes an explosive gain in power. - the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly. - the fuel mixture is ignited too early by hot carbon deposits in the cylinder.
the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by - the oil level being too low. - operating with an excessively rich mixture. - operating with a too high viscosity oil.
the oil level being too low.
Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when - the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally. - hot spots in the combustion chamber ignite the fuel/air mixture in advance of normal ignition. - the spark plugs are fouled or shorted out or the wiring is defective.
the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.
If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with - higher-than-normal oil pressure. - the mixture set too rich. - too much power and with the mixture set too lean.
too much power and with the mixture set too lean.
Altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates - calibrated altitude at field elevation. - absolute altitude at field elevation. - true altitude at field elevation.
true altitude at field elevation.
