CH.25 THE FETAL FACE AND NECK

an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

A cystic hygroma is the result of :

amniotic band syndrome

A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputation is:

cystic hygroma

A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a:

micrognathia

A small mandible is termed

cystic hygroma

All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except: a.) cystic hygroma b.) proboscis with cyclopia c.) fused thalamus d.) monoventricle

cleft lip

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as:

trisomy 21

An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:

hypertelorism

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as:

macroglossia

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:

Cavum septum pellucidum

At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained?

Beckwith-Wiedemann synddrome

Macroglossia is most commonly found with:

Fetal lenses

Sonographically, you visualize a hypoechoic, round structure with a thin hyperechoic border in the anterior aspect of both fetal eyes. What is the explanation for this finding?

ethmocephaly

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is:

8 weeks

The fetal lip typically closes by:

fetal goiter

The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as:

binocular diameter

The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the

trisomy 13

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is:

between 15 weeks and 21 weeks

The nuchal fold measurements is typically obtained:

sagittal

The optimal scan plan to visualize microganthia is:

neck

The term nuchal refers to the :

anotia

The term of the absence of the ear is:

6mm

The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed :

Down syndrome

There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome:

Anophthalmia

Which of the following would least likely causes an obstruction to fetal swallowing and thus polyhydramnios? a.)Fetal goiter b.) Epignathus c.) Macroglossia d.) Anopthalmia

branchial cleft cyst

what is the benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible

Microtia

what is the term for a smaller than normal ear?

,Monosomy X

what may also be referred to as Turner syndrome?

Turner syndrome

what would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma?

Epignathus

which of the following conditions does not effect the orbits? a.) Cebocephaly b.) Cyclopia c.) Eithmocephaly d.)Epignathus

cleft lip

which of the following may be caused by amniotic band syndrome? a.) Cleft lip b.) Microphthalmia c.) Anophthalmia d.) Epignathus

hypotelorism

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as:

epignathia

An oral teratoma is referred to as:

cyclopia

Fusion of the orbits is termed:

trisomy 18

Micrognathia is a condition found in:

Down syndrome

Nuchal thickening is the most commonly associated with:

anophthalmia

The absence of the eyes is termed:

anterior cephalocele

The most common cause of hypertelorism is:

trisomy 13

___ is also referred to as Patau syndrome

down syndrome

___ is referred to as trisomy 21?

trisomy 21

an increased nuchal fold is most likely:

cebocephaly

close-set eyes and nose with a single nostril is termed:

holoprosencephaly

facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of:

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

the growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is:

neck

the most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the:

Coronal

what scan plane would likely optimize the visualization of a cleft lip?

The maxilla is typically long in fetus with trisomy 21

which of the following is not a true statement about the maxilla? a.) Shortening of the maxilla may result in flattened facial features b.)The maxilla is typically long in the fetus with trisomy 21 c.) A maxilla gap is best noted in the sagittal plane d.)the prefrontal space distance can help indicate maxillary abnormalities

Isolated cleft palate

which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically: a.) cleft lip and cleft palate b.) Isolated cleft lip c.) Isolated cleft palate d,.) Isolated median cleft