Ch.3, 4 5 International Marketing Quiz

Which of the following countries is the only country to preclude women from voting and appears to be still completely in the dark ages with regard to suffrage?

Saudi Arabia

False

Saudi Arabia permits women to vote if they are at least 18 years old and married or 21 years old, if single

In the context of the mexican-american war, the president of mexico, the cabinet, and the diplomatic corps assemble at the mexico city fortress every september 13 to recall the defeat that led to the____

"despoio territorial"

Management

Security and Mobility

The opium wars resulted in a loss of confidence in the Chinese government that led to the revolt known as the Taiping Rebellion. How many Chinese lives were lost in this rebellion?

20-40 million

Which of the following best illustrates the political and legal issues faced by companies because of their "alien status" when they attempt to do business in foreign countries?

A company being forced by the local government to share its core competencies in order to continue doing business.

Which of the following statements is true with respect to the economic effects of controlling population growth?

A decline in fertility rate is a function of economic prosperity.

Which of the following firms/products reflects a global marketing orientation?

A firm producing highly cost effective and durable computers

The part of the world with the largest portion of people over 65 years is also the part of the world with the fewest number of people under age 15 years. Which of the following is most likely to be a possible result of this disparity?

A heavy tax burden on future workers.

Complete political integration.

A mass market without barriers among partner countries

E. "los niños sin hogar"

A. "despojo territorial"

E. The reserves of petroleum are unlimited.

A. It is easy to store and transport.

E. The U.S. signed a pledge to not invade Mexico again.

A. Mexico was forced to cede California to the U.S.

E. Roosevelt Corollary

A. Monroe Doctrine

E. The Hong Kong Revolution

A. The First Opium War

E. Improved nutrition

A. family planning

E. Air routes

A. land routes

E. carnations

A. tulips

Which of the following is the most important reason to encourage foreign investment?

Accelerate the development of an economy.

True

Adherence to World Trade Organization (WTO) rules means a loss of some degree of national sovereignty.

Which of the following is a possible outcome of the "alien status" of a company?

An increase in the protectionest federal policies.

Estimating demand assumes that demand for a product develops in much the same way in all countries, as comparable economic development occurs in each country

Analogy

Morphing

Analogy

False

At the top of the list of political issues concerning foreign businesses is the issue of taxation and tariffs.

E. Canton Uprising

B. Boston Tea Party

E. Zimbabwe

B. China

E. Odyssey

B. Gutenberg Bible

E. Cologne

C. Brugge

All inclusive system of written rules of law

Code law

Common

Common

Political risks

Confiscation, Expropriation, Domestication

Reduced or eliminated internal tariffs and adds common external tariff on products imported from countries outside the group

Customs union

E. Berliner Borse

D. Antwerp

Successive translation and retranslation of a questionnaire takes place, each time by a different translator, and the version that is finally used and its translation have equally comprehensive and equivalent terminologies in both languages

Decentering

Political stability

Decrease in labor population

Steps in marketing research process

Define the research problem and establish research objectives.

According to ancient Greeks which of the following refers to a fundamental government form ruled by many?

Democracy

False

Due to advancements in technology, it is easy to determine if a cyberattack has been launched by a rogue state, a terrorist, or a hacker as a prank.

E. Cultural attitudes that favor large families.

E. Cultural attitudes that favor large families.

E. Europe

E. Europe

Political stability

Economic level

in 1066 William the conqueror defeated Harold II in the Battle of Hastings, establishing Norman rule in_____

England

Be recognized by the United Nations trademark protection agency.

Establish first use of a trademark

NAFTA

European Union

15. Quotas strictly permit importing on a case-by-case basis.

False

China has emerged as the most efficient user of energy worldwide.

False

Political and legal issues a company may face abroad are mitigated by the "alien status" of the company.

False

Which of the following factors will ameliorate explosive population expansion in less developed countries?

Free flow of immigration

_____ is the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and resources.

Geography

According to Manifest Destiny, who gave Americans the power to create a model society?

God

In the context of the culture's pervasive impact, which of the following is true about birthrates?

Government policies and birth controls technologies have caused a decline in birth rates

In the context of international law, a state that is independent and free from all external control.

Sovereign

-Autocracy

Sovereignty

_____ refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members.

Sovereignty

True

Sovereignty refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members

True

Sovereignty refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members.

According to Edward Hall's comments on culture, which of the following could hurt companies and careers in foreign markets?

Ignorance of cultural difference in the foreign market

False

In Italy and many Latin countries, family generally means only the parents and children

False

In foreign markets, it is best to accept the information at face value because verifying information in foreign markets is extremely expensive

True

In international marketing, the greatest problem in sampling stems from the lack of adequate demographic data and available lists from which to draw meaningful samples.

False

In quantitative research, if questions are asked, they are almost always open-ended or in-depth.

Which of the following falls on the minus side of the U.S. balance of payments?

Spending by American tourists overseas.

Which of the following is the top political issue concerning foreign businesses?

Stability of prevailing government policies

In the context cultural values, the _____ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest.

Individualism/collectivism

this is temporary caused by variations in production levels or demand may result in infrequent marketing overseas.

Infrequent Foreign Marketing

If a marketer is motivated to initiate an international marketing effort mainly because of temporary surpluses in the domestic market, which of the following stages best characterizes the stage of international marketing involvement for this marketer?

Infrequent foreign market

Homicide

Intellectual property

Companies at this stage are fully committed and involved in international marketing activities. Companies seek markets over the world and sell products that are a result of planned production

International Marketing

James Bright's company seeks markets all over the world and attempts to sell products that are a result of planned production for markets in various countries. Which of the following stages best characterizes the stage of international marketing involvement for Mr. Bright's company?

International marketing

______ is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company's goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit.

International marketing

False

International warfare is fast gaining popularity among nations.

What was the outcome for the GATT after the ratification of the Uruguay Round agreements?

It became part of the World Trade Organization.

Countries like _____ and the U.S. epitomize the problems caused by an increasing percentage of elderly people who must be supported by a declining number of skilled workers.

Japan

Strategies to minimize political vulnerability and risks

Joint Ventures

LLDC

Least-developed country

In the context of U.S. foreign policy in the 19th and the 20th centuries, ________, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people to create a model society.

Manifest Destiny

True

Many countries have domestication as a condition for investment.

False

Marketing research is a general noneconomic review of conditions affecting the marketing division's business.

After World War II, the United States set out to infuse the ideal of capitalism throughout as much of the world as possible. The _____, aimed at assisting in rebuilding Europe, is the plan most closely associated with this endeavor.

Marshall plan

Under the premise that law, according to _________, is strictly subordinate to prevailing economic conditions, such fundamental propositions as private ownership, contracts, due process, and other legal mechanisms have had to be developed.

Marxist-socialist tenants

A tax imposed by a government on goods entering at its borders is most accurately termed as a(n) _____.

Tariff

In the context of linguistic distance, which of the following languages is the most distant from English?

Thai

Meteora Inc. is planning to enter the African market through its mobile phone manufacturing operations in Kenya. Which of the following could favor a positive relation with the host country?

Meteora Inc. using their manufacturing unit as an export base.

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the feelings of most Mexicans toward the US

Mexicans see the United States as a threat to their political, economic, and cultural independence.

What was the overall end result of the Mexican War of 1846?

Mexico was forced to cede California to the US

The ancient Greeks conceived three fundamental forms of government. Which of the following refers to a government ruled by one?

Monarchy

Abstention of the US from the european political affairs was one of the three basic dicta of the ____

Monroe Doctrine

Multilateral economic associations

Multinational market regions

-Communism

Nationalism

Which of the following was the most significant move of the 1980s that contributed toward international cooperation among trading nations?

Negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Stages of international marketing involvement

No Direct Foreign Marketing

Which of the following best describes the stage of development where the company's products reach a foreign market without any conscious effort on the part of the marketer?

No direct foreign market

The Monroe Doctrine

No further European colonization in the New World

True

Nongovernmental organizations affect the policy decisions made by governments.

Which of the following is true of domestication?

Nowadays, countries often require companies to become domesticated as a condition for investment

True

One of the reliability problems faced by a marketing researcher that seeks to do secondary research in a foreign market is that official statistics are sometimes too optimistic.

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the status of protests against global financial institutions?

The "antisweatshop" campaigns by students in America have translated into changes in policy.

True

Planned domestication can be profitable and operationally expedient for the foreign investor.

_____ is a controllable element in both domestic and international marketing environments.

Price of products

The most basic economic integration and cooperation

Regional cooperation for development (RCD)

Nature of use

Registration

At this level, the firm has a permanent productive capacity devoted to the production of goods and services to be marketed in foreign markets. A firm may employ foreign or domestic intermediaries, or may have its own sales force or sales subsidiaries in important foreign markets

Regular Foreign Marketing

What was the goal of the April 2009 agreement arrived at by the G20 nations, which required them to cede some sovereignty?

Reject protectionism.

False

Relations between governments and MNCs are generally negative, even if the investment improves the balance of payments by increasing exports or reducing imports.

A balance-of-payments statement includes three accounts. Two of those accounts are the current account and the capital account. What is the third account found on the balance-of-payments statement?

Reserves account

Which were the two major challenges faced by U.S. multinational corporations at the close of the 1960s?

Resistance to direct investment and increasing competition in export markets.

Which of the following is an instance of how nationalism can be manifested?

Restrictions on imports.

False

Risk of violence is not a consideration in assessing the political vulnerability of a multinational company's activities.

False

The Foreign Credit Insurance Association underwrites trade and investments for U.S. firms.

Which of the following policies was used in the formation of a provisional government in Cuba in 1906?

The Roosevelt Corollary

In terms of political risk, which of the following poses the greatest threat to international marketers?

The possibility of the government actually failing.

True

The principal agency that supports U.S. business abroad is the Department of Commerce (DOC).

An international marketer must deal with at least two levels of uncontrollable uncertainty.

True

Confucian philosophy, taught throughout Japan's history, emphasizes the basic virtue of loyalty to the country.

True

The GATT became part of the World Trade Organization in 1995, with the ratification of the Uruguay Round agreements

True

Under common law, the ownership of intellectual property is established by _______.

Use

protectionism

Utilizing legal barriers, exchange barriers, and psychological barrier to restrain the entry of unwanted goods

The Amsterdam Treaty

WTO

Based on Richard Nisbett's metaphor involving Confucius's worthy picture, what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners?

Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background

What has been the impact on American culture, of women joining the workforce in growing numbers for the past thirty years?

a reduction in the influence of family in the American culture

Acculturation

adjusting to a new culture.

When marketing first introduced the personal digital assistant (PDA) to the American consumer, they performed the role of being ___ because the cultural impact of the product became widespread.

agents of change

In general, tariffs weaken:

balance of payments positions

of the following technological innovations has had a great impact on the gender-based determining of responsibilities and roles?

birth control pills

Which of the following social institutions introduce innovations to society

corporations

According to Confucian philosophy, above all else, loyalty should be given to

country.

_____ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance.

cultural congruence

Primary data

data collected specifically for the particular project at hand.

Monarchy, like _____, is a form of government ruled by one.

dictatorship

Governments influence thinking and behavior through the:

enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors

_____ includes an understanding of how a society's culture and economy are affected as a nation struggles to supply its people's needs within the limits imposed by its physical makeup

geography

Subornation

giving large sums of cash of the one offering the bribe.

For a company at the _____ stage of internationalization, market segments are defined by income levels, usage patterns, or other factors that frequently span countries and regions

global marketing

in 1450, the ____ was the first book printed with movable type.

gutenberg bible

Adherence to the WTO means:

loss of some degree of national sovereignty.

In the context of global population trends, a nation needs a fertility rate of about 2.1 children per woman to be able to:

maintain its population

In general, tariffs restrict:

manufacturers supply sources

Which of the following is an area that is considered critical in improving U.S. trade in the context of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act?

marketing access

Manifest Destiny

meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society. It referred to the territorial expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Another term for IMF special drawing rights (SDRs) is:

paper gold

Uncontrollable factors

political-legal forces, environmental climate and competition

The most effective way to control the influence of ethnocentrism and the SRC is to:

recognize their effects on our behavior

In which of the following stages of international marketing involvement, companies primarily focus all their operations and production to service domestic market needs, even though they have a permanent productive capacity devoted to the production of goods to be marketed in foreign markets?

regular foreign marketing

Cultural electives

relate to areas of the behavior or to customs that cultural aliens may wish to conform to or participate in but are not required.

In most cultures, the first social institution infants are exposed to outside the home takes the form of a:

religious institution

The aesthetics of a culture must be taken into account by marketers when

styling the product and its packaging

_____ development is a joint approach among those who seek economic growth with "wise resource management, equitable distribution of benefits and reduction of negative effects on people and the environment from the process of economic growth."

sustainable

Physical barriers that exist within Europe

tariffs, quotas, embargo

Since the government of Nigeria is strapped for cash, it has decided to tax all foreign investments (such as oil production equipment) by up to forty percent of the appraised value. The Nigerian government has found that this is the handiest and quickest means of finding operating funds. The economic risk in discussion here is:

tax controls

The manifest destiny specifically referred to the:

territorial expansion of the US from the Atlantic to the pacific

Waldo's company was expanding into some underdeveloped countries, and needed to acquire risk insurance to cover potential fallout from political unrest that was occurring in those countries. What organization might be able to provide this for Waldo?

the Overseas Private Investment Corporation

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted by a culture?

the degree of interest in the particular subject

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, which of the following is a byproduct of pollution controls?

the disposal of hazardous waste

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of VERs?

the exporting country sets the limits on the quantity it will export

Which of the following events, leading to the overthrowing of the dictator Díaz, is particularly remembered for the expulsion of foreigners—most notably North American businessmen who were the most visible of the wealthy and influential entrepreneurs?

the mexican revolution

The exchange permit can stipulate

the number of times one party can avail of exchange permits.

The marketing tasks of an international marketer differs from that of a domestic marketer as:

the structure of distribution is an uncontrollable element for the international marketer

James Day Hodgson, former US ambassador to Japan, describes culture as an____ which according to him is tough to get through, but with effort and patience could often lead to success.

thicket

Decision making types

top-level management decisions,

One of the basic elements of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is that:

trade shall be conducted on a nondiscriminatory basis

Pressure from nationalist and self-interest groups affect the stability of a government.

true

The Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. This is an example of _____ change.

unplanned

What are the five elements of culture?

values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, thought processes

"Slammer," "Melissa," and "Goner worm" are all examples of:

viruses damaging the Internet.

Cultural values can predict such consumer behaviors as _____ and impulsive buying.

word of mouth communications

An intense feeling of state pride and unity, an awakening of a country's people to pride in their country.

Nationalism

With which of the following would the phrase "Buy American" be most closely associated?

Nationalism

______ is an intense feeling of state pride, unity, and an awakening of a country's people to pride in their country.

Nationalism

True

Nationalism can take an anti-foreign business bias

True

Nationalism can take an anti-foreign business bias.

False

Nationalistic feelings are directly proportional to growth of domestic economy.

NIC

Newly industrialized country

When a company does not actively cultivate customers outside national boundaries, however, this company' products reach many foreign markets. Sales may be made to trading companies as well as foreign customers who directly contact the firm. Products may reach foreign markets via domestic wholesalers and distributors

No direct foreign marketing

Factors favor internationalization

1. Companies with either high technology and/or marketing-based resources are better equipped to internationalize than more traditional manufacturing kinds of companies

What is true of education and the literacy rate of a country?

Numerous studies indicate a direct link between the literacy rate of a country and its capability for rapid economic growth.

Which of the following sources of energy has a greater emphasis in North America?

Oil

Which of the following is a common term for a form of government in use today?

Oligarchy

When does an expropriated investment become a government-run entity?

On nationalization

Which of the following commodities helped Britain erase the tea caused trade deficit with China during the 1800's?

Opium

It has been noted that China is inefficient in oil usage. What seems to be the main reason for this inefficient use of energy?

Outdated technology

Which of the following is true of nationalism?

A call to "buy our country's products only" is one form of manifestation of national feelings.

False

A single company can directly control or alter the political environment of the country within which it operates.

Which of the following is an NGO (nongovernmental organization) group?

Oxfam

Which of the following political actions is likely to favor international marketing?

Paraguay imposing low tariffs and tax rates for manufacturing industries.

A questionnaire is translated from on language to another, and then a second party translates it again into the original, and the two original language versions are compared.

Parallel translation

Linear translation

Parallel translation

Which of the following falls on the plus side of the U.S. balance of payments?

Payments to the United States for insurance.

In _____, police and military are not allowed to vote.

Peru

Which of the following sources of energy dominates the world's energy usage

Petroleum products

which of the following thinkers is famous for his statement on the deep influence of geography on history, economics, and consumer behavior?

Philip Parker

in 1531, the ____ stock exchange was the first stock exchange to movie into its own building signifying its important in financing commercial enterprises throughout Europe

Antwerp

Coercion

Arbitration

Which of the following government forms is ruled by a few?

Aristocracy

False

As cultural and political scenario varies so widely across nations, there is absolutely no way to generalize tendencies for products to be politically sensitive.

Which of the following is more likely to be subjected to price control?

Aspirin and antacids

Next Energy is advocating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products—automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Next Energy is most likely employing a strategy of ________ change, a deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources.

Planned

Which of the following is true of firms at the international marketing stage of marketing involvement?

Planning generally entails production of goods outside the home market

False

Political and social activists have no impact on the normal flow of trade

False

Political and social activists have no impact on the normal flow of trade.

Which of the following statements is true of political sanctions?

Political sanctions are generally not very successful.

False

Political sanctions are the most effective means of achieving the desired goal of forcing a country to accept demands of the boycotting country.

_____ is the practice whereby a foreign producer intentionally sells their products in the United States for less than the cost of production to undermine the competition and take control of the market.

Predatory pricing

False

Pressure from nationalist and self-interest groups affect the stability of a government

False

Price controls are normally targeted at nonessential products.

True

Price controls are normally targeted at nonessential products.

E. Higher population growth rates have resulted in increased global trade.

B. A decline in fertility rate is a function of economic prosperity.

E. Provisions for higher pension.

B. Free flow of immigration.

E. Fossil fuel

B. Human labor

E. It is a set of rules governing socially acceptable behavior.

B. It is a society's accepted basis for responding to external and internal events.

E. It has remained constant for a long time.

B. It is in decline and rapidly aging.

E. Aspire Tower

B. Jardine-Matheson Trading House

E. discourage immigration.

B. Maintain its population

E. Manifest Destiny

B. Monroe Doctrine

E. Nuclear power

B. Petroleum products

E. eggplants

B. Potatoes

E. St. Andrews agreement

B. The Basel Convention

E. The San Patricios Revolution

B. The Mexican Revolution

E. They are symbols of national heritage and history.

B. They are impediments to efficient trade and communication.

E. Geomatics

B. geography

E. Remote sensing

B. geography

E. "white man's burden" to develop the underdeveloped parts of the world.

B. territorial expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

A questionnaire is translated from on language to another, and then a second party translates it again into the original, and the two original language versions are compared.

Back translation

Serial translation

Back translation

False

Back translation is a successive process of translation and retranslation of a questionnaire, each time by a different translator.

While expanding the investment base of a company, which of the following can be used as a powerful ally in dealing with threats of government takeovers or harassment?

Banks lending to the host government

True

Barring Latin America, the risks of confiscation and expropriation have lessened over the last two decades.

Grey markets

Big emerging markets

True

Products that have or are perceived to have an effect on the environment are more likely to be politically sensitive.

the ____ was a political protest against the British prohibition of Yankee traders from dealing directly with merchants in Canton

Boston Tea Party

in 1425, the Hanseatic city of _____ became the first Atlantic seaport to be a major trading center.

Brugge

E. An increase in migration to other nations.

C. A heavy tax burden on future workers.

E. Japan

C. China

E. The East India Company

C. Commodore Perry

E. Bushido philosophy

C. Confucian philosophy

E. France

C. England

E. China

C. Japan

E. Hays Corollary

C. Monroe Doctrine

E. Wilson Mandate

C. Roosevelt Corollary

E. Holistic

C. Sustainable

E. The emission of greenhouse gases.

C. The disposal of hazardous waste.

E. Resource sharing pacts

C. Trade routes

The idea of Manifest Destiny was used to justify the US annexation of ______.

California

Amy Sims has been assigned the task of preparing a marketing plan for her company for the next year's business activities. She knows that she should begin her plan by examining the variables that she has some control over. These controllable variables would include price, product, channels-of-distribution, and _____.

Promotion

Randall Smithe-Jones believes that protectionism is the only way to save the United Kingdom from outside competitors. He has seen small businesses go bankrupt because cheaper foreign goods have been more popular. The cell-phone manufacturing industry has just started in U.K and Smithe-Jones' company is one of the first to try its hand at cell-phone manufacturing. Which of the following would probably be the argument that Smithe-Jones would use to persuade his government representatives that protectionism is still needed in the U.K.?

Protection of an infant industry

Which of the following arguments regarding the need for protectionism is recognized by economists as valid?

Protection of an infant industry

Which of the following sections of the balance-of-payments statement is a record of the direct investment, portfolio investment, and short-term movement of cash and technology to and from countries?

Capital account

False

Centralization of the marketing research ensures that the field personnel and resident managers have more intimate knowledge of the subtleties of the market.

Which of the following is a controllable element for an international marketer?

Channels of distribution

True

Checking the consistency of one set of secondary data with other data of known validity is an effective and often-used way of judging validity.

In the late 1990s, most of the countries of the world saw a slow down in the unprecedented and precipitous growth of their economies. However, _____ remained unaffected by this trend.

China

Which of the following countries has an inefficient oil usage pattern chiefly due to outdated technology?

China

Which of the following countries is the world's top polluter, at present, in almost all respects?

China

Which of the following trading partners of the U.S. became its topmost "trade problem" at the beginning of the 21st century?

China

Worlds Top Polluter vs Worlds most efficient user

China vs. Iceland

False

Quantitative research is helpful in revealing the impact of sociocultural factors on behavior patterns and in developing research hypotheses that can be tested in subsequent studies

False

Commercial sources, trade associations, management groups, and state and local governments are good sources of primary data for a researcher.

which of the following is an essential requirement for companies to succeed in international markets?

Committing themselves to completely foreign markets.

Laws primarily found in the United States, England, Canada, and other countries once under English influence.

Common law

Customs union

Common market

No restrictions on internal trade and free flow of capital among members nations and lacks only political unity become a political unions

Common market

What is the most profound change for firms at the global marketing stage of internationalization?

Companies treat the world, along with home market, as one market.

Which of the following is an uncontrollable factor for a marketer in a domestic environment?

Competitive structure

Which of the following strategies was employed by the US to regain its lost market share for capital goods by the late 1990s?

Restructuring its industries to be more lean and mean.

The manner in which the US acquired land for the Panama Canal Zone typifies a US foreign policy, ____ what is good for the US is justifiable.

Roosevely Corollary

Which of the following is an unfavorable outcome of the usage of birth control pills?

Schools are forced to address issues like abstinence and condom distribution.

Juanita grew up learning a great deal about culture from her school, the church, the media, and her family. This is an example of

Socialization

Tall Pine Plywood Company has just received a notice that a shipment of plywood (2 metric tons) has been rejected by Japanese customs because the knotholes commonly found on a plywood sheet are too large. Which of the following categories of nontariff barriers primarily checks such quality issues?

Standards

Which of the following factors was primarily responsible for the excess production capacity in the U.S. in the first half of the twentieth century?

Swelling labor supply of returning military after World War II

False

Systematic monitoring of chat rooms, blogs, and personal websites to assess consumers' opinions about products and services is known as serigraphy.

Why of the following commodities dominated the trade between Britain and China during the early 1800's?

Tea

A nonbinding agreement between parties to resolve disputes by asking a third party to mediate differences.

Conciliation

With respect to political risk that can be faced by a company seeking to invest abroad, which of the following is most severe?

Confiscation

Which of the following may best explain why the Japanese have such strong loyalty toward their companies?

Confucian philosophy

False

Consumers in America tend to respond to rating scales more conservatively than Japanese

For an international marketer, the _____ can be altered in the long run and usually in the short run to adjust to changing market conditions, consumer tastes, or corporate objectives.

Controllable elements

False

Convenience samples are generally used when detailed social, geographic, and economic information is available for the sampling universe.

Which statement about domestication is correct?

Countries often require companies to become domesticated as a condition for investment.

Geography

Countries with hostile climates associated with economic stagnation Countries that suffer the most from major calamities are among the poorest in the world, which influences ability to market products

Which of the following is considered to be the most important deterrent to population control?

Cultural attitudes that favor large families

Most traditional definitions of _____ center around the notion that it is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitter from generation to generation.

Culture

Most traditional definitions of ________ center around the notion that it is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation.

Culture

Which of the following forms of terrorism uses the Internet to inflict damage?

Cyberterrorism

E. Carolina

D. California

E. Support of French arms for the revolutionaries

D. Expulsion of North American businessmen

E. Mexicans see the United States as a land of abundant opportunity and good fortune.

D. Mexicans see the United States as a threat to their political, economic, and cultural independence.

E. The Gadsden Policy Position

D. The Roosevelt Corollary

E. The Hong Kong Revolution

D. The Taiping Rebellion

E. Petroleum products are no longer the largest source of energy for the U.S.

D. The U.S. has become a major importer of petroleum products.

E. political stability

D. effective communications

E. Wood

D. oil

E. Porcelain

D. tea

False

Data collected specifically for a particular research project at hand is known as secondary data.

State Department of Entrepreneurship

Department of Commerce

Which of the following is the principle U.S. agency that supports U.S. business abroad?

Department of Commerce

Host countries gradually cause the transfer of foreign investment to national control and ownership through a series of government decrees by mandating local ownership and greater national involvement in a company's management.

Domestication

Socialization

Domestication

The government in Chile recently informed Clint Travis' company that his retail grocery chain in Chile would have to be gradually turned over to the people of Chile by the year 2050. Additionally, starting next year fifty percent of the board of directors of the Chilean operation of the company must be Chileans. Which of the following political risk actions is Mr. Travis' company facing in Chile?

Domestication

_____ occurs when host countries gradually cause the transfer of foreign investment to national control and ownership through a series of government decrees by mandating local ownership and greater national involvement in a company's management.

Domestication

________ occurs when host countries gradually cause the transfer of foreign investment to national control and ownership through a series of government decrees.

Domestication

E. Japan

E. Japan

E. Louis XI

E. Louis XI

E. Manifest Destiny

E. Manifest Destiny

E. silver

E. Silver

E. The Opium Wars

E. The Opium Wars

E. The Roosevelt Corollary

E. The Roosevelt Corollary

E. The Taiping Rebellion

E. The Taiping Rebellion

E. The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

E. The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

E. Opium

E. opium

True

Easy accessibility of volumes of up-to-date secondary data is the biggest advantage that Internet now provides to international marketing researchers.

Which of the following presents the correct picture of the outcome of increased world trade after the 1950s, contrary to Servan-Schreiber's prediction?

Economic power and potential became more evenly distributed among the countries of the world.

False

Economically prosperous countries do not display strong nationalistic feelings

False

Economically prosperous countries do not display strong nationalistic feelings.

Which of the following is closely related to reference criterion?

Ethnocentrism

____ impedes the ability of a person to assess a foreign market in its true light.

Ethnocentrism

Which of the following regions of the world is most affected by aging and thus by a steadily decreasing worker-to-retiree ratio?

Europe

If there is a substantial amount of capital leaving a country, what is a country most likely to implement to control the situation?

Exchange controls

If there is a substantial amount of capital leaving a country, which of the following is the country likely to implement to control the situation?

Exchange controls

_____ stem from shortages of foreign currency held by a country.

Exchange controls

Which of the following strategies can be effective in forestalling or minimizing the effect of a total takeover of a multinational corporation's holdings by a foreign government?

Expanding the investment base

Which of the following strategies to minimize political vulnerability and risk has the advantage of engaging the power of several investors and banks in the host country whenever any kind of government takeover or harassment is threatened?

Expanding the investment base

Expert opinion

Expert opinion

Which of the following agencies underwrites trade and investments for U.S. firms?

Export-Import Bank

A government seizes an investment of a foreign investor but some reimbursement for the assets is made, the government follows a process called:

Expropriation

Local-content laws

Expropriation

False

Expropriation and nationalization often lead to nationalized businesses that are efficient, technologically strong, and competitive in world markets.

. In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Roosevelt Corollary paved the way for non-American intervention in Latin American affairs.

False

3. As part of the worldwide economic growth and rebuilding after World War II, countries once classified as less developed were reclassified as underdeveloped countries

False

A country that demonstrates low Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores tends to be distrustful of new ideas or behaviors.

False

A fundamental premise of Japanese ideology reflects the importance of individualism and competitive spirit for economic progress.

False

A government boycott is a partial restriction against the purchase and importation of certain goods and/or services from other countries

False

According to Jared Diamond, a professor of physiology, innovations spread faster north to south than east to west.

False

According to traditional definitions, culture is transmitted from generation to generation.

False

Acculturation refers to the process of becoming an agent of change by innovating.

False

After World War II, the U.S. provided assistance to other countries to develop their markets and improve global trade though it gained no returns on these initiatives.

False

Antidumping laws were specifically designed to prevent foreign producers from investing in the U.S. local markets.

False

As countries move from agricultural to industrial to services economies, birthrates increase.

False

As the U.S. trade deficit has grown, pressures have begun to push the value of the dollar to higher levels.

False

Companies from Japan are the leading group of investors in the United States

False

Countries that suffer the most from major natural calamities are among the poorest in the world.

False

Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores tend to have a low level of anxiety and stress

False

Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores tend to have a low level of anxiety and stress.

False

For a marketer, one's own religion is most often the best guide to another's beliefs.

False

For companies today, becoming international is a luxury only some can afford

False

For companies today, becoming international is a luxury only some can afford.

False

For most of the 20th century, the predominant approach to governance in the world was colonialism.

False

In a balance-of-payments record, if the credit and debit offset each other, it means that a nation is in particularly good financial condition

False

In a broad sense, the uncontrollable elements of the foreign business environment constitute the culture.

False

In general, tariffs decrease inflationary pressures.

False

In some countries, language is itself thought of as a social institution, with no relation to political importance.

False

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine was used to justify the U.S. annexation of Texas, Oregon, New Mexico, and California.

False

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

False

In the context of social institutions such as families, the ratio of male to female children is scarcely affected by culture.

False

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, sustainable development is about protecting the environment at all costs.

False

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the United States continues to be the world's top pollution-causing nation.

False

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the United States leads the fight against pollution with the most stringent greenhouse emission standards in the world.

False

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the idea of sustainable development is quite popular in the United States owing to the cultural characteristics of the Americans

False

It is mandatory for importers who want to buy a foreign good to apply for a business permit in that country.

False

Level of technology remains unchanged across countries making it a fairly predictable factor in international marketing.

False

Most of the major industrialized countries have sufficient internal population growth to maintain themselves.

False

Much of American trade policy has depended on the happenstance of cotton being the original source of the Virginia colony's economic survival in the 1600s

False

North America is the region of the world most affected by a steadily declining worker-to-retiree ratio.

False

Obtaining export licenses for products on the export control list is more arduous than for those items that are exempted from the list.

False

Physical barriers that exist within Europe are nowadays seen as a natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors.

False

Political and legal forces, economic climate, and competition are some of the domestic environment's controllable factors.

False

Quotas are more flexible than import licenses

False

Sam Watkins just ate cookies and, therefore, feels justified in refusing food offered by his Asian host. In this instance, Sam's self-reference criterion has just saved him from making a cultural blunder.

False

Since both SDRs and the U.S. dollar have lost their utility as the basic medium of financial exchange, most monetary statistics relate to gold rather than dollars.

False

The GATT panels were formed to resolve bilateral trade disputes and thus have both advisory and enforcement powers.

False

The Masculinity/Feminity Index (MAS), identified by Geert Hofstede, focuses on risk orientation.

False

The Mexican attitude toward their American neighbors may be summed up in the statement—"Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends."

False

The Power Distance dimension of culture, identified by Geert Hofstede, has proven to be the most useful of the four dimensions.

False

The Power Distance dimension of culture, identified by Geert Hofstede, refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest.

False

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), one of the four dimensions of culture, identified by Geert Hofstede, focuses on assertiveness and achievement.

False

The United States is a major exporter of petroleum products.

False

The business activities of international marketers are not affected by competition in their domestic market

False

The global marketing concept views the marketplace as consisting of one primary domestic market that is complimented by several smaller regional markets

False

The most severe political risk of global business is the government action of domestication.

False

The political and legal environment is a controllable element for international marketers because of their potent ability to lobby and influence legislation in foreign markets

False

The principal agency that supports U.S. business abroad is the Global Chamber of Commerce (GCC)

False

The uncontrollable factors a company has to deal with decreases with the number of foreign markets in which it operates

False

The uncontrollable factors affecting international marketing are limited to political forces, economic climate, and competitive structure

False

To avoid errors in business decisions, it is necessary to conduct a cross-cultural analysis that emphasizes the need for ethnocentrism

False

To encourage development of domestic industries, governments work on reducing trade barriers

False

Understanding one's own culture normally requires no additional study

False

When a culture scores high on Individualism/Collectivism Index, individuals fail to identify with groups.

False

The reserves account is a record of direct investment, portfolio investment, and short-term capital movements to and from countries.

False ( it is the capital account)

Which of the following is the most universal means used by governments to control birthrates?

Family Planning

True

Foreign investment can be perceived as a threat to sovereignty.

In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which of the following countries best exemplifies the above statement?

France

Which of the following acronyms refers to the international forum that was created for member countries to engage in the negotiation of tariffs and other barriers to trade?

GATT

The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from work done by:

Geert Hofstede

As an outcome of the Uruguay Round of intergovernmental tariff negotiations on the GATT platform, the first multilateral, legally enforceable agreement covering trade and investment in the services sector was formulated, termed the _____.

General agreement on Trade in Serves (GATS)

Robert Jonas is in charge of a new marketing effort directed toward Peru. In order for his company to effectively market and distribute to all of Peru's major cities, Mr. Jonas must devise a logistics plan for crossing the Andes Mountains on a daily basis. Which of the following foreign environment uncontrollable variables would be a chief concern as Mr. Jonas devises his plan?

Geography and infrastructure

At this stage companies treat the world including their home market as one market.

Global Marketing

Which of the following is the most effective way to achieve organizational global awareness?

Having a culturally diverse senior executive staff or board of directors

True

If data has been collected already by some other agency, then such data sources are known as secondary data sources.

False

In the decentering method of translation for questionnaires, more than two translators are used for the back translation; the results are compared, differences discussed, and the most appropriate translation is selected.

The World Bank estimates that five countries whose share of world trade is barely one-third that of the European Union will, by 2020, have a 50 percent higher share than that of the European Union. _____ is one of the countries included in this list.

Indonesia

Which of the following firms has a better chance of accelerating the internationalizations process?

International regulatory bodies set export/ import limits

Which of the following is true of the GATT?

It created an agency to serve as watchdog over world trade

Which of the following is true of a sovereign state?

It enjoys full legal equality with other states.

Which of the following best explains why petroleum-related products continue to dominate energy usage?

It is easy to store and to transport

False

It is generally better to collect primary data before turning to secondary data.

True

It is helpful for a foreign market researcher to have a skeptical attitude in handling both primary and secondary data

False

It is illegal for U.S. citizens to pay bribe unless it is a common practice in the host country.

Which of the following best describes the U.S. government's policy toward multinational corporations that are confronted with situations where bribery is an issue?

It is illegal for a U.S. citizen to pay a bribe

Which of the following is true of the industrialized world's population?

It is in decline and rapidly again

Which of the following agencies is dedicated to helping U.S. business compete in a global marketplace?

The International Trade Administration (ITA)

Which of the following represents a new and powerful tool of PSAs?

The Internet and cell phone combination.

Which of the following was designed to primarily deal with trade deficits, protectionism, and the overall fairness of the U.S. trading partners?

The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988

Which of the following US foreign policies was applied in 1905 when the Dominican Republic was forced to accept the appointment of an American economic adviser?

The Roosevelt Corollary

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a balance-of-payments statement?

It records all financial transactions between the residents of a country and those of the rest of the world.

Which country is considered to be the world's most efficient user of energy?

Japan

Which of the following countries is considered to be the world's most efficient user of energy?

Japan

Which of the following is one of the tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong today?

Jardine-Matheson Trading House

The opium wars resulted in a loss of confident in the Chinese government. Which of the following events was caused by the resulting disorder?

The Taiping Rebellion

Which of the following events is one of the pivotal factors behind the wariness of the Chinese leadership toward foreign influences in general, and religious movements in particular, even today?

The Taiping Rebellion

True

Less developed countries are particularly prone to being both overly optimistic and unreliable in reporting relevant economic data about their countries.

More-developed countries

Less-developed countries

LDC

Less-developed country

Which of the following is an uncontrollable element for an international marketer?

Level of technology

Which of the following is a strategy that multinational corporations use to minimize political vulnerability and risk?

Licensing

Which of the following strategies minimizes political risks for a multinational corporation in situations in which the technology is unique and the risk is high?

Licensing

False

Licensing is least effective when the technology is unique.

In Thailand, it is required that any milk products sold in the country must contain at least 50 percent milk from Thai dairy farmers. Which of the following economic risks faced by international producers of milk is illustrated in this situation?

Local-content laws

The United States requires that 50% of all parts used to construct an automobile in the United States be manufactured in the United States. As a result of this, when Toyota Motor Company built automobile manufacturing plants in Tennessee and Ohio.

Local-content laws

In 1464, the French royal mail service was established by

Louis XI

In the context of global population trends, a nation needs a fertility rate of about 2.1 children per woman to be able to

Maintain its population

In the context of the US foreign policy in the 19th and 20th centuries, _____, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

Manifest Destiny

Which of the following social institutions is considered to have had a detrimental effect on American culture?

Media

Manifest destiny and the _____ were accepted as the basis for the US foreign policy during much of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Monroe Doctrine

The _____, a cornerstone of early US foreign policy, dictated that no further European colonization in the New World would be accepted.

Monroe Doctrine

Less-developed countries

More-developed countries

MDC

More-developed country

False

Most problems in collecting primary data in international marketing research stem from the excessive cost of primary research in these markets.

Ajax Corporation has decided to enter the international marketing arena by marketing its products on a country-by-country basis, with separate marketing strategies for each country. The company is using which of the following concepts to formulate its international policies and strategies?

Multidomestic market concept

Which of the following is true regarding the impact of globalization on domestic markets in the US?

Multinational manufacturing companies in all industries and sizes have out performed their domestic counterparts.

Groups of countries that seek mutual economic benefit from reducing interregional trade and tariff barrier

Multinational market regions

Which of the following statements is true about the consumption of petroleum products by the United States?

The US has become a major importer or petroleum products

True

The ability to express attitudes and opinions about a product or concept depends on the respondent's ability to recognize the usefulness and value of such a product or concept.

Which of the following reflects the relationship between international business and domestic business?

The ability to invest abroad is to a large extent a function of domestic economic vitality.

Which of the following treaties was revised to include a total ban on the export of hazardous wastes by developed nations?

The basel convention

Which of the following ensures that balance-of-payments records are always in balance?

The double-entry bookkeeping system

Which of the following is the most critical difference between domestic marketing and international marketing?

The environment in which marketing plans must be implemented.

Within the same country, some foreign businesses may fall prey to politically induced harassment, while others may be placed under a government umbrella of protection and preferential treatment. What explains this difference?

The evaluation of a company's contribution to the nation's interest.

Which of the following is true with respect to the dynamics of global population trends?

The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

h of the following is true regarding the balance-of-payments records?

The fact that assets and liabilities balance does not essentially mean that a nation is in a particularly good financial condition.

Which of the following events caused the Chinese to cede Hong Kong to the British?

The first opium war

True

The ideal approach to multicountry marketing research is to have local researchers in each country, with close coordination between the client company and the local research companies.

Which of the following is true of tariffs?

The increase special interests privileges

_____ and the World Bank Group are two global institutions created primarily to assist nations in becoming and remaining economically viable.

The international monetary fund

False

The marketing research process should begin with determining the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives.

False

The most often used form of qualitative questioning is the survey questionnaire that contains questions with a set of choices from which respondents select their response.

False

The most severe political risk is domestication

False

The most universal survey research problem in foreign countries is fear of government reprisal

Which of the following events in the history of China has made the country wary of foreign influences?

The opium wars

Which of the following is the major reason behind the failure of American MNCs to completely dominate the European markets as predicted by Servan-Schreiber?

The resurgence of competition worldwide.

Marketing research

The systematic gathering recording and analyzing of data to provide info useful to marketing decision making

Which of the following is a dynamic trend that is affecting the current global business strategies?

The trend toward the acceptance of the free marketing system among developing countries.

True

The ultimate goal of domestication is to force foreign investors to share more of the ownership, management, and profits with nationals than was the case before domestication

True

The ultimate goal of domestication is to force foreign investors to share more of the ownership, management, and profits with nationals than was the case before domestication.

Which of the following best describes the current perception of geographical features such as mountains in the context of economic growth in Europe?

They are impediments to efficient trade and communication

Why do terrorism experts predict multinational businesses will be targeted by terrorists more frequently?

They are less well defended.

Which of the following is true of firms in the first two stages of international marketing involvement—no direct foreign marketing and infrequent foreign marketing?

They are more reactive in nature and embark on internationalization without planning.

Which of the following is a criticism associated with the global financial institutions?

They failed to foresee and counter the unintended effects of globalizations like pollution, exploitation, and cultural exploitation.

Which of the following is a political cause of instability in international markets?

Trade disputes

Which of the following agreements makes it possible for firms to challenge the restrictions in Indonesia that prohibit foreign firms from opening their own wholesale or retail distribution?

Trade related investment measures

_____ represent(s) the attempts of countries to overcome economic and social imbalances created in part by the influence of geography.

Trade routes

The key in using expert opinion to help forecast demand is ________, that is, comparing estimates produced by different sources.

Triangulation

Triangulation

Triangulation

A case might be made for temporary protection of markets with excess productive capacity or excess labor when such protection could facilitate an orderly transition.

True

A company in the "no direct foreign marketing" stage of international marketing involvement does not actively cultivate customers outside national boundaries

True

A nation's balance-of-payments statement records all financial transactions between its residents and those of the rest of the world during a given period of time.

True

Abolition of apartheid in South Africa is an example of a positive uncontrollable element in an international marketing scenario

True

According to James Day Hodgson, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, culture is like a "thicket" that is tough to get through, but effort and patience often lead to success.

True

According to Philip Parker, a marketing professor, there are strong correlations between latitude and the per capita GDP of countries.

True

According to Philip Parker, a marketing professor, there are strong correlations between the climate of a region and the per capita GDP of countries in that region.

True

According to some economists, economic prosperity is a factor that leads to decline in fertility rates.

True

According to the World Bank, no country with less than fifty percent literacy has succeeded economically.

True

Altitude, humidity, and temperature extremes are climatic features that affect the uses and functions of products and equipment.

True

By the year 1971, the United States was selling more to other countries than it bought from them; that is, the United States had a favorable balance of trade.

True

Continuous improvements in electronic communications have facilitated the expansion of trade.

True

Culture encompasses the sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, and customs acquired by members of a society.

True

Cultures low in Uncertainty Avoidance Index take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.

True

Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede argues that culture provides a guide for humans on how to think and behave.

True

In dealing with unfamiliar markets, marketers must be aware of the frames of reference they are using in making their decisions.

True

In much of the underdeveloped world, human labor is the prevalent source of energy.

True

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine dictated the abstention of the United States from European political affairs.

True

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of the policy of the Monroe Doctrine.

True

In the context of blocked currency, blockage is accomplished by refusing to allow an importer to exchange its national currency for the currency of the seller.

True

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the process of controlling industrial wastes leads to the issue of disposal of hazardous waste.

True

In the context of the elements of culture, marriage ceremonies and funerals are good examples of rituals.

True

International marketing involves selling of a company's goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation

True

John refuses to buy Japanese products because he sees this as a way of selling out to a nation known for its aggressive behavior. John is using a self-reference criterion to make his decision.

True

Marketers with little or no understanding of a religion may readily offend deeply because the influence of religion is often quite strong.

True

Markets constantly change; they are not static but evolve, expand, and contract in response to marketing effort, economic conditions, and other cultural influences.

True

One of the foundations of modern technology is the ability to generate energy because nations are not equal in their ability to produce energy.

True

People from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores are more likely to have a general distrust of others.

True

Petroleum's versatility ensures that petroleum-related products still dominate energy usage.

True

Pressure from nationalist and self-interest groups affect the stability of a government.

True

Protection of an infant industry is recognized by economists as a valid argument in favor of protectionism.

True

Recording of historic events by historians belonging to different cultures gives us a subjective view of history.

True

Religion has a significant impact on the value systems of a society and the effect of value systems on marketing.

True

Research has revealed that smaller home markets and larger production capacities appear to favor internationalization

True

Tariffs are often used as reprisals against protectionist moves of trading partners.

True

The Individualism/Collective Index, identified by Geert Hofstede, refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest.

True

The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 focuses on assisting businesses to be more competitive in world markets as well as on correcting perceived injustice in trade practices.

True

The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness act gives the U.S. president authority to restrict sales of a country's products in the U.S. market if that country imposes unfair restrictions on U.S. products.

True

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has estimated that the economies of the developed world will expand at much faster rates when compared to the developing economies.

True

The Roosevelt Corollary is typified by the dictum—whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.

True

The United States and other countries require some products to contain a percentage of "local content" to gain admission to their markets.

True

The World Bank was formed with the primary objective of overcoming inadequate monetary reserves and dealing with unstable currencies which were particularly vexing problems in global trade.

True

The availability of minerals and the ability to generate energy are the foundations of modern technology.

True

The controllable elements can be altered in the long run and, usually, in the short run to adjust to changing market conditions, consumer tastes, or corporate objectives

True

The decisions taken by the World Trade Organization in solving trade disputes among members are binding ones.

True

The difference between domestic and international marketing lies in the different concepts of marketing.

True

The exchange permit can stipulate an unfavorable rate of exchange depending on the desires of the government.

True

The foreign policies of a country have a direct effect on a firm's international marketing success.

True

The four social institutions that most strongly influence values and culture are schools, churches, families, and the media.

True

The geography and infrastructure of a country are uncontrollable factors that influence the business decisions of a company in an international market.

True

The language we use is an example of a cultural symbol.

True

The level of technology in a country is an uncontrollable element for international marketers

True

The manner in and amount which people consume, the priority of needs and wants they attempt to satisfy, and the manner in which they satisfy them are functions of their culture.

True

The most effective approach to build global awareness into an organization is to increase the diversity mix of the employee profile, especially for entry-level jobs

True

The political details and the ramifications of political and legal events are often more transparent in a domestic situation than they are in a foreign market

True

The process of evaluating the uncontrollable elements in an international marketing program involves substantial doses of cultural, political, and economic shock.

True

The self-reference criterion is closely related to ethnocentrism.

True

The strategy of cultural congruence involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market in a manner as similar as possible with existing cultural norms, thereby minimizing resistance.

True

To understand fully a society's actions and its points of view, one must have an appreciation for the influence of historical events.

True

Trade routes represent the attempts of countries to overcome economic and social imbalances created in part by the influence of geography.

True

When marketers introduce an innovative product or idea, they act as agents of change.

True

Responsible for creating the categories of economic development

UN

Companies from _______ lead in foreign investment in the US.

United Kingdom

Represents the most important and comprehensive trade agreement in history

WTO

True

With respect to international marketing research, cultural differences offer the best explanation for the unwillingness or the inability of many to respond to research surveys

Which of the following emerged as a successor to the GATT following the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations?

World Trade Organization

The ideal political climate for a multinational firm is:

a country with a stable and friendly government.

Which of the following is true regarding the stages of international marketing involvement?

a firm may be in more than one stage simultaneously

Which of the following organizations seems better equipped for internationalization?

a firm that has a production capacity that is much greater than home market demand.

GATT

a forum for member countries to negotiate a reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade. With the ratification of the Uruguay Agreements it became apart of the WTO in 1995.

Which of the following will aid a manager in understanding the way people of different countries think and act?

a historical perspective

By the year 1971, the United States was witnessing: By the year 1971, the United States was witnessing:

a huge trade deficit.

Juliet is concerned with the potential for political harassment when her company enters a new international market. To reduce the risk of political harassment, she is most likely to consider using ________ to enter the market.

a joint venture

Quantitative

a large number of respondents are asked to reply either verbally or writing to structured question using a specific response. Survey research personal interview, mail, telephone and or the internet.

current account

a record of all merchandise exports, imports,and services plus unilateral transfers of funds, it is important because it includes all international merchandise imported and exported all investments, payments, receipts, and overseas employment

Research design

a set of advanced decisions that make up the master plan specifying methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing data.

Marketing strategy is judged culturally in terms of _____.

acceptance, resistance, or rejection

Lisette is excited about her new home in Rome. She has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friendships, and capitalize on opportunities that were not available in her previous workplace based in Atlanta. In this scenario, Lisette is going through ________ as she adjusts to living in Rome.

acculturation

Mervin is excited about his new home in the Philippines. Though native of Los Angeles, he has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friendships, and capitalize on opportunities that were not available in his previous home or workplace. He will go through what is known as _____ as he adjusts to living in the Philippines.

acculturation

The process of adjusting to a new culture is known as

acculturation

_____ is the conscious effort on the part of the international marketer to anticipate the influences of both the foreign and domestic uncontrollable factors on a marketing mix and then to adjust the marketing mix to minimize the effects.

adaptation

Requirements for companies to succeed in international markets

adapting to that cultures, rules regulations and business requirements

Which of the following is an example of a nontariff trade barrier?

administrative fees

Which of the following characterizes a globally aware manager?

allowing others to be different and equal

Qualitative data

always open ended questions, in-depth responses or storytelling, that reflect the persons personal thoughts

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and _____ among members of a society.

ambiguity

Roosevelt Corollary

an extension of the Monroe Doctrine states that the usa would prohibit non american intervention in latin american affairs and would ensure the us would police the latin americas if they met international obligations

Critique of the global financial institutions

anti sweatshop campaigns against companies for better working conditions

Which of the following is the most popular way to circumvent WTO guidelines and impose new duties?

antidumping duties

_____ is a new nontariff barrier that was designed to prevent foreign producers from using predatory pricing.

antidumping law

Exporting countries primarily agree to voluntary export restraints (VERs) to:

avoid the chances of stiffer quotas and tariffs

The system of accounts that records a nation's international financial transactions is most accurately called its:

balance of payments

Feng shui is a Chinese ____, considered to be the process that links humans and the universe to ch'i, the energy that sustains life and flows through our bodies and surroundings, in and around our homes and workplaces.

belief

Stopping or refusing to trade with another nation for political reasons is called:

boycotting

The marketing manager for Grand Products wants to export the company's range of beer products to a Gulf country. However, he discovers that there is a complete restriction on the import of any form of liquor into that country. This is an accurate example of _____.

boycotts

Relations between governments and MNCs are generally positive if the investment:

brings capital, technology, and/or skills.

Cultural imperatives

business customs and expectations that must be met and conformed to or avoided if relationships are to be successful

Trade barriers and their purposes

can be tariffs, embargoes, or quotas

Numerous studies indicate link between the literacy rate of a country and its:

capability for rapid economic growth

The _____ in India is a social institution that influences the roles and status positions found within Indian society

caste system

Controllable factors

changing market conditions, consumer tastes, corporate objectives

Which of the following terms pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups?

collectivism

Japan was an isolated country before the arrival of ___ in 1853

commodore party

voluntary export restraints (VERS)

common in textiles, clothing, steel, agriculture, it is an agreement between the importing country and the exporting country for a restriction on the volume of exports.

The anthropologist, Edward T. Hall tells us that culture is:

communication

M&M, a company producing musical instruments, had dominated its home market for several years before venturing into international markets. The company was focusing more on international operations until a German company in the same business entered its home market. The German company started selling good quality products at prices much lower than M&M's and affected its sales adversely. Which of the following elements in the marketing environment has affected the business of M&M in the above scenario?

competition in the domestic market

Business Customs

concentrating on one thing at a time

The seizing of a company's assets without payment is called:

confiscation

expropriatation

confiscation of foreign investments.

Price controls are used during inflationary periods to:

control the cost of living

Linguistic distance is an important factor that helps in determining differences in values across countries and the amount of trade between countries because:

crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs

_____ is a responsible effort to learn from others' cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems.

cultural borrowing

modern medicine has thrived in the US together with he use of herbal remedies from south America

cultural borrowing

Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste but are made from turkey meat, and are leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If Morton Foods follows a strategy of _____, they are more likely to have a successful introduction of the new product.

cultural congruence

compared to the foreign environment uncontrollable variable, which of the following is excluded from the domestic marketers list of uncontrollable variables?

cultural forces

_____ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated.

cultural sensitivity

When designing a product, the style, uses and other related marketing activities must be made ___ if they are operative and meaningful

culturally acceptable

The sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and ny other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is called

culture

People from which of the following cultures are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because power is seen to rest with individuals and is coercive rather than legitimate?

cultures with high power distance index score

The _____ of the balance-of-payments statement is most likely to record all merchandise exports, imports, and services plus unilateral transfers of funds.

current account

In the context of nontariff barriers, antidumping practices fall under the category of:

customs and administrative entry procedures

After World War II, the United States led efforts like the Marshall Plan to assist in rebuilding Europe, financial and industrial development assistance to rebuild Japan, and funds channeled to foster economic growth in the underdeveloped world. These efforts were primarily aimed at:

dampening the spread of communism

Secondary data

data collected by an independent or individual other than the firm conducting research, often useful in market research.

To avoid errors in business decisions, it is necessary to conduct a cross-cultural analysis that isolates the self-reference criterion influences. Which of the following should be the first-step to avoid the aforementioned errors?

defining the business problem or goal in home country cultural traits, habits or norms

The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to:

determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation

Hofstede's data on cultural values suggest that:

diffusion of innovations will be slower in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance

Utilitarian ethics

does the action optimize the "common good" or benefits of all constituencies

The government in Chile recently informed Mario's company that his retail grocery chain in Chile would have to be gradually turned over to the people of Chile by the year 2050 as it is a foreign company in Chile. Additionally, starting the following year, 50 percent of the board of directors of the Chilean operation of the company must be Chileans. What political risk action is Mario's company facing in Chile?

domestication

The main reasons certain products dominate energy usage around the world is because they are

easy to store and transport

One of the advantages of the emergence of gender equality is the _____ gap between the sexes being narrowed in many places around the world.

education

An underpinning of all commerce is _____—knowledge of where goods and services exist and where they are needed.

effective communications

When the United States refuses to sell goods to Iran because of the perception that the country harbors radicals and terrorists, the refusal is most accurately referred to as a(n):

embargo

Which of the following types of non-tariff barriers strictly falls under the category of specific limitations on trade?

embargoes

Which of the following types of nontariff barriers strictly falls under the category of specific limitations on trade?

embargoes

To the foreign marketer, the similar-but-different feature of cultures has important meaning in gaining cultural _____.

empathy

The WTO World Trade Organization

encompasses the current GATT, structure and extends it to new areas not adequately covered in the past, its merely an institution sets rules governing trade among its 157 members. provides a panel of experts to hear and rule trade disputes among members and issues binding decisions.

The adverse consequences of globalization

environmental concerns, worker exploitation, domestic job losses, cultural extinction, higher oil prices, and diminished sovereignty of nations

Price controls

essential products that command considerable public interest. Pharmaceuticals, food, gas and cars

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is specifically addressed in the _____ section of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness act.

export expansion

When a government seizes an investment of a foreign investor but some reimbursement for the assets is made, the government is following a process called:

expropriation

Which of the following events occurred during the Mexican revolution

expulsion of north American businessmen

Social institutions

family, religion, school, the media, the government, and corporations all affect the way which people relate to one another, organize their activities, and teach acceptable behaviors.

Economic effects of controlling population growth

fewer people to work, governments are forced to increase taxation, lack of money to source for the government.

Regular foreign marketing stage differs from the international marketing stage as companies at the regular foreign marketing stage:

focus all their operations and production to service the domestic market needs even though they are interested in foreign markets.

Maria Peron's company treats the world, including the home market in Spain, as one market. Market segmentation decisions no longer focus on national borders. Instead, market segments are defined by income levels, usage patterns, and other factors that span countries and regions. Which of the following stages best characterizes the stage of international marketing involvement for Ms. Peron's company?

global marketing

Which of the following social institutions that influence culture has comparatively the least impact on culture?

government

In order to effectively secure foreign exchange, which of the following is most likely to be used by countries experiencing severe shortages of foreign exchange?

government approval

Which of the following trade policy tools makes it mandatory for its importers who want to buy a foreign good to apply for an exchange permit?

government approval

The influence of governments

governments have little influence on family, religion, school and the media. most often they try to influence thinking and behaviors of adult citizens to procreate. an example in some countries they give stipends of $800 to new mothers.

The World Bank

helping maintain stability in the financial markets and

On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to be:

hierarchical

Wayne is working at the overseas branch of his organization. He needs some clarification about a project. He approaches a senior manager thinking he would get a good explanation. However, he is instructed to follow protocol and sent away. Also, he is informed that only team leads are allowed to approach senior managers. This implies that the organization has a ______ score.

high power distance index

Which of the following is true with respect to Professor Jared Diamond's ideas regarding the influence of geography on history and cultural values?

historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south

With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that:

hold the greatest insight into the aesthetics of the existing cultures

Which of the following sources of energy provides the preponderance of energy in much of the underdeveloped world?

human labor

The fundamental difference between quotas and import licenses is that:

import licenses have greater flexibility than quotas.

To overcome the problems of inadequate monetary reserves and unstable currencies that plagued international trading before World War II, the _____ was formed.

international monetary fund

Which of the following is one of the four ongoing forces supporting the growth of international trade?

international monetary fund

NGO's-Nongovernmental organizations

involved in peaceful protests, lobbying and even collaborations with governmental organizations

self-reference criterion (SRC)

is an unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions.

Polychronic time

is more dominant in high-context cultures andis characterized by multi-tasking and by "a great involvement with people"

Ethnocentrism

is the notion that people in one's own company, culture, or country know best how to do things

Culture

is the sum of the "values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation"

Expropriation

is where the government seizes an investment, but some reimbursement for the assets is made; often the expropriated investment is nationalized to become a government run entity

Which of the following reflects Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede's perception of culture?

it is a problem solving tool

Which of the following is true of ethnocentrism?

it is a problem that arises when managers from affluent countries work with managers and markets in less affluent countries.

Which of the following is true of culture?

it is a society's accepted basis for responding to external and internal events

Juliet is concerned with the potential for political harassment when her company enters a new international market. To reduce the risk of political harassment, she will consider using _____ to enter the market.

joint ventures

Which of the following was the earliest trade route?

land routes

In the context of the elements of culture, rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are:

learned and repeated

Which of the following actions is important for foreign marketers in order to be effective in a foreign market?

learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own

In the context of the relationship between language and international marketing, recent studies indicate that a new concept, _____, is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions.

linguistic distance

The United States required that 50 percent of all parts used in an automobile constructed in the United States must contain parts that were manufactured in the United States. When Toyota Motor Company built automobile manufacturing plants in Tennessee and Ohio, it faced economic risks associated with _____.

local-content laws

Understand one's own culture requires additional study as

much of the cultural influence on market behavior is at the subconscious level

With which term would the phrase "Buy American" be most closely associated?

nationalism

Several nations are frustrated with the slow progress of the most recent round of WTO trade negotiations. To vent their frustration, several countries are:

negotiating bilateral trade agreements

Post World War II, it was noticed that there was worldwide economic growth and countries once classified as less developed were reclassified as _____.

newly industrialized countries

Jefferson's is a firm that specializes in dog food and grooming products. The company has a very well-established domestic market. The company does not actively sell its products outside national borders but provides goods to customers who contact them directly or place orders with them through the Internet. Jefferson's is currently in the _____ stage of international marketing involvement.

no direct foreign marketing

History helps us understand why nations behave the way they do. For this reason, most historians try to present information

objectively.

Netnography-

observational research chat rooms, blogs, and personal websites that personal assess consumer's opinions

Domestication

occurs when the government mandates local ownership and greater national involvement in a foreign company's management

Based on the Individualism/Collectivism Index, in which of the following cultures will the "virtual social" activity of online chatting be most acceptable?

one in which individualism reigns supreme

Extortion

payments are extracted under duress by someone in authority from a person seeking only what he or she is lawfully entitled to.

Nexar Energy is advocating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products—automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Nexar Energy is employing a strategy of _____, a deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources.

planned change

The strategy of _____ deliberately sets out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals.

planned change

The most effective solution to a situation where a foreign government is demanding local participation in a multinational corporation's business activities in the host country is

planned domestication.

Taxes must be classified as a _____ risk when used as a means of controlling foreign investments.

political

An attempt to lessen political risks by paying those in power to intervene on behalf of the multinational company is referred to as a _____.

political payoff

Brian is attempting to forecast political instability and help management identify and evaluate political events and their potential influence on current and future international business decisions. Brian is engaged in:

political risk assessment.

The _____ issues faced by a company are often amplified by the "alien status" of the company, which increases the difficulty of properly assessing and forecasting the dynamic international business climate.

political/legal

Which of the following elements in the marketing environment poses a challenge to both domestic and international marketers due to its uncontrollable nature?

political/legal forces

in 1600, ____ were brought from south america to europe, where they quickly spread to the rest of the world and become a staple of agricultural production

potatoes

For a culture, a low score in the _____ reflects more egalitarian views.

power distance index

the four dimensions of culture by Hofstede

power distance- authority, masculinity/feminity-assertiveness and achievement, individualism/collectivism- most useful of all the four dimensions, and uncertainty avoidance-risk orientation,

In North Korea, foreign investors or producers are required to sell products at prices stated by the North Korean government rather than letting market value and demand, determine the prices. This implies that there is severe application of _____.

price controls

The firms stage of regular foreign marketing of international marketing involvement

primarily focus all their operations and production to service domestic market needs

What was the most apparent reciprocal impact of the foreign economic assistance given by the United states?

purchases of the US agricultural products, manufactured goods, and services by the recipient countries increased

A specific unit or dollar limit applied to a particular type of good is called a(n):

quota

PSAs- political and social activists

range from those who seek to bring about a peacful change to those who resort to violance and terrorism to effect change

Sovereignty

refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members

The _____ account of the balance-of-payments statement is most likely to record all exports and imports of gold, increases or decreases in foreign exchange, and increases or decreases in liabilities to foreign central banks.

reserves

______ is an unconscious reference to ones own cultural values, experience, and knows as a basis for decision

self reference criterion

In the United States, unrelated individuals keep a certain physical distance between themselves and others when talking or in groups. Americans do not consciously think about that distance; they just know what feels right without thinking. Someone from another culture would not necessarily understand this and would apply their rules for contact when speaking. The preceding is an illustration of what is called applying a _____ when reviewing the mentioned social custom of contact.

self-reference criterion

The primary obstacles to success in international marketing are a person's ______ and an associated ethnocentrism.

self-reference criterion

in 1600, japan began trading ___ for foreign goods.

silver

Lubrication

small sums of cash, gift or service given to a low ranking official

Family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations are all examples of a(n):

social institution

Mike grew up learning a great deal about his culture from his school, the church, the mass media, and his family. This kind of culture is called:

socialization

Which of the following is a way individuals learn culture from social institutions?

socialization

According to dutch management professor Geert Hofstede, culture is referred to as the:

software of the mine

In the context of international law, a _____ state is independent and free from all external control.

sovereign

Developed by the IMF to cope with universally floating exchange rates, _____ represent(s) an average base of value derived from the value of a group of major currencies.

special drawing rights

New cola alternatives sprang up after the military conflicts in the Middle East in 2003. This is an example that shows how:

specific events in history can influence consumer behavior

The United States and other countries require some products (automobiles in particular) to contain a percentage of "local content" to gain admission to their markets. This is an example of the stringent usage of _____ to restrict trade.

standards

Human labor as a source of energy

sustainable developments with the use of minerals and natural resources

Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance index:

take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge

Confucian philosophy

taught throughout Japan emphasizes the basic virtue of loyalty to a friend

The government of Namibia is strapped for cash, and it has decided to tax all foreign investments (such as food packaged in the country) by up to 40 percent of the appraised value. The Namibian government has found that this is the handiest and quickest means of finding operating funds. The economic risk in discussion here is

tax controls

Which of the following is the main reason for corporations being the forerunners of innovations in society?

the access they have to ideas from around the world

Top political issues

the environment,

Trade deficit -> the value of the dollar

the higher the trade deficit, the lower the value of the dollar is

Which section of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act recognizes that foreign penetration of U.S. markets can cause serious competitive pressure, loss of market share, and, occasionally, severe financial harm?

the important relief section

Ralph Waite is a marketing manager at a video game console manufacturing firm. Ralph has been asked to review the marketing opportunities of his company in a foreign market. Ralph is aware that he can modify certain elements of the marketing environment to suit the foreign market needs. He is primarily focusing his attention on the factors that are not under his control and might affect their business prospects. Which of the following uncontrollable elements is most likely to affect the company's business prospects in the foreign market?

the level of technology in the targeted market

Confiscation

the most severe political risk, is the seizing of a company's assets without payment

The rapid growth of war-torn economies and previously underdeveloped countries, coupled with large-scale economic cooperation and assistance that followed World War II led to:

the rise of new global marketing opportunities.

balance of payments

the system accounts that records a nations international financial transactions. it records all transactions between its residents and the rest of the world during a given period of time usually its one year.

The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act 1988

this act focuses on assisting businesses to be more competitive in world markets as well as on correcting perceived injustices in trade practices

in 1561, ____ came to Europe from the Near East, via the Dutch traders, for the first time.

tulips

Monochronic time

typifies most North Americans, Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians and concentrating on one thing at a time

Cultures with high _____ scores tend to have a high level of anxiety and stress and a concern with security and rule following.

uncertainty avoidance index

With respect to the environment in which a business operates, factors such as competition, political and legal forces, economic climate, would all be classified as:

uncontrollable elements

An agreement signed willingly between the importing country and the exporting restriction on the volume of exports is called a

voluntary export restraint

Bribery

voluntary offered payment by someone seeking an unlawful advantage

Blockage is ideally accomplished:

when a country refuses to allow an importer to exchange its national currency for the seller's currency.

Which of the following is an adverse consequence of globalization?

worker exploitation and domestic job losses