Ch.45 Mgmnt of pts w/ oral esophageal disorders
To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a client with hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which discharge instruction?
"Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages."
A client is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. Which statement indicates effective client teaching about hiatal hernia and its treatment?
"I'll eat frequent, small, bland meals that are high in fiber."
The nurse fills a tube feeding bag with two 8-oz cans of commercially prepared formula. The client is to receive the formula at 80 mL/hour via continuous gastrostomy feeding tube and pump. How many hours will this bag of formula run before becoming empty? Record your answer using a whole number.
6
A client is recovering from a neck dissection. What volume of serosanguineous secretions would the nurse expect to drain over the first 24 hours?
80 to 120 mL
When assessing a client during a routine checkup, the nurse reviews the history and notes that the client had aphthous stomatitis at the time of the last visit. How is aphthous stomatitis best described by the nurse?
A canker sore of the oral soft tissues Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1266 Aphthous stomatitis refers to a canker sore of the oral soft tissues, including the lips, tongue, and inside of the cheeks. Aphthous stomatitis isn't an acute stomach infection, acid indigestion, or early sign of peptic ulcer disease.
A patient tells the nurse that it feels like food is "sticking" in the lower portion of the esophagus. What motility disorder does the nurse suspect these symptoms indicate?
Achalasia
The nurse is conducting a community education session on the prevention of oral cancers. The nurse includes which cancer as being a type of premalignant squamous cell skin cancer?
Actinic cheilitis Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1266 Actinic cheilitis is a type of premalignant squamous cell skin cancer that presents as scaling, crusty fissures or a white overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis. Herpes simplex 1 is an opportunistic infection frequently seen in immunosuppressed clients. Chancres are reddened circumscribed lesions that ulcerate and become crusted and are the primary lesions of syphilis. Erythroplakia is a red patch on the oral mucous membrane that is frequently seen in the elderly.
The nurse is examining the mouth of a client who is HIV positive. On the inner side of the lip, the nurse sees a shallow ulcer with a yellow center and red border. The client says the area has been painful for about 5 days or so. Which condition is most consistent with these findings?
Aphthous stomatitis
A nurse is completing an assessment on a client with a postoperative neck dissection. The nurse notices excessive bleeding from the dressing site and suspects possible carotid artery rupture. What action should the nurse take first?
Apply pressure to the bleeding site Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1275 The first action for the nurse is to apply pressure to the bleeding site. The nurse will need to obtain assistance, elevate the head of the bed, and notify the surgeon, but client care is most important initially.
A nurse caring for a client who has had radical neck surgery notices an abnormal amount of serosanguineous secretions in the wound suction unit during the first postoperative day. What is an expected, normal amount of drainage?
Approximately 80 to 120 mL
A nurse caring for a client who has had radical neck surgery notices an abnormal amount of serosanguineous secretions in the wound suction unit during the first postoperative day. What is an expected, normal amount of drainage?`
Approximately 80 to 120 mL
While caring for a patient who has had radical neck surgery, the nurse notices an abnormal amount of serosanguineous secretions in the wound suction unit during the first postoperative day. What does the nurse know is an expected amount of drainage in the wound unit?
Approximately 80 to 120 mL Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1275 Wound drainage tubes are usually inserted during surgery to prevent the collection of fluid subcutaneously. The drainage tubes are connected to a portable suction device (e.g., Jackson-Pratt), and the container is emptied periodically. Between 80 and 120 mL of serosanguineous secretions may drain over the first 24 hours.
A client has undergone a radical neck dissection. His skin graft site is pale. This indicates which condition?
Arterial thrombosis A pale graft indicates arterial thrombosis. A cyanotic, cool graft indicates possible necrosis. A purple graft indicates venous congestion.
A client is postoperative following a graft reconstruction of the neck. What intervention is the most important for the nurse to complete with the client?
Assess the graft for color and temperature.
A client with achalasia recently underwent pneumatic dilation. The nurse intervenes after the procedure by
Assessing lung sounds Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1279 Esophageal perforation is a risk following dilation of the esophagus. One way to assess is auscultating lung sounds. Airway and breathing are priorities according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The client is kept NPO until the gag reflex has returned. A barium swallow may be performed after as esophageal dilation if a perforation is suspected. Pain medication is administered for the procedure, but the client should have little pain after the procedure. Pain could indicate perforation.
The nurse teaches the client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) which measure to manage the disease?
Avoid eating or drinking 2 hours before bedtime
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who is not able to tolerate brushing his teeth. The nurse includes which mouth irrigation in the plan of care?
Baking soda and water Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1272 When a client is unable to tolerate teeth brushing, the following irrigating solutions are recommended: 1 tsp baking soda in 8 oz warm water, half-strength hydrogen peroxide, or normal saline solution.
Which clinical manifestation is not associated with hemorrhage?
Bradycardia
A client has been receiving radiation therapy to the lungs and now has erythema, edema, and pain of the mouth. What instruction will the nurse give to the client?
Brush and floss daily.
A nurse inspects the Stensen duct of the parotid gland to determine inflammation and possible obstruction. What area in the oral cavity would the nurse examine?
Buccal mucosa next to the upper molars Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1269 The salivary glands consist of the parotid glands, one on each side of the face below the ear; the submandibular and sublingual glands, both in the floor of the mouth; and the buccal gland, beneath the lips.
Which term describes a reddened, circumscribed lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted and is a primary lesion of syphilis?
Chancre
Which is an accurate statement regarding cancer of the esophagus?
Chronic irritation of the esophagus is a known risk factor. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1286 In the United States, cancer of the esophagus has been associated with the ingestion of alcohol and the use of tobacco. In the United States, carcinoma of the esophagus occurs more than three times more often in men as in women. It is seen more frequently in African Americans than in Caucasian Americans. It usually occurs in the fifth decade of life.
Which is the primary symptom of achalasia?
Difficulty swallowing
The nurse is caring for an older adult who reports xerostomia. The nurse evaluates for use of which medication?
Diuretics
An elderly client seeks medical attention for a vague complaint of difficulty swallowing. Which of the following assessment findings is most significant as related to this symptom?
Esophageal tumor
Cancer of the esophagus is most often diagnosed by which of the following?
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy and brushings
An elderly client states, "I don't understand why I have so many caries in my teeth." What assessment made by the nurse places the client at risk for dental caries?
Exhibiting hemoglobin A1C 8.2 Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1265 Measures used to prevent and control dental caries include controlling diabetes. A hemoglobin A1C of 8.2 is not controlled. It is recommended for hemoglobin A1C to be less than 7 for people with diabetes. Other measures to prevent and control dental caries include drinking fluoridated water; eating foods that are less cariogenic, which include fruits, vegetables, nuts, cheese, or plain yogurt; and brushing teeth evenly with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
A client has a new order for metoclopramide. What potential side effects should the nurse educate the client about?
Extrapyramidal Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1284 Metoclopramide (Reglan) is a prokinetic agent that accelerates gastric emptying. Because metoclopramide can have extrapyramidal side effects that are increased in certain neuromuscular disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, it should be used only if no other option exists, and the client should be monitored closely. It is contraindicated with hemorrhage or perforation. It is not used to treat gastritis.
Postoperatively, a client with a radical neck dissection should be placed in which position?
Fowler Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1275 The client should be placed in the Fowler position to facilitate breathing and promote comfort. This position expands the lungs because the diaphragm is pulled downward and the abdominal viscera are pulled away from the lungs. The other positions are not the position of choice postoperatively.
A client has a new order for metoclopramide. The nurse identifies that this medication can be safely administered for which condition?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1284 Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that accelerates gastric emptying. It is contraindicated with hemorrhage or perforation. It is not used to treat gastritis.
A patient is experiencing painful, inflamed, and swollen gums, and when brushing the teeth, the gums bleed. What common disease of the oral tissue does the nurse understand these symptoms indicate?
Gingivitis
A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comes to the clinic and is experiencing white patches on the lateral border of the tongue. What type of lesions does the nurse document?
Hairy leukoplakia Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1266 Hairy leukoplakia is a condition often seen in people who are HIV positive in which white patches with rough, hairlike projections form, typically on lateral border of the tongue. Aphthous stomatitis is typically a recurrent round or oval sore or ulcer on the inside of the lips and cheeks or underneath the tongue and is not associated with HIV. Erythroplakia describes a red area or red spots on the lining of the mouth and is not associated with HIV. Nicotine stomatitis is a white patch in the mouth caused by extreme heat from smoking.
The nurse is assessing the skin graft site of a client who has undergone a radical neck dissection. The skin graft site is pink. The nurse documents which result?
Healthy graft
A client has a radical neck dissection to treat cancer of the neck. The nurse develops the care plan and includes all the following diagnoses. The nurse identifies the highest priority diagnosis as
Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by mucus Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1275 All the nursing diagnoses are appropriate for a client who has a radical neck dissection. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs take priority. Under physiological needs, airway, breathing, circulation (ABCs) take highest priority. Thus, ineffective airway clearance is the highest priority nursing diagnosis.
A client has a cheesy white plaque in the mouth. The plaque looks like milk curds and can be rubbed off. What is the nurse's best intervention?
Instruct the client to swish prescribed nystatin solution for 1 minute.
Which mouth condition is most associated with HIV infection?
Kaposi sarcoma Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1267 Kaposi sarcoma appears first on the oral mucosa as a red, purple, or blue lesion. Of the conditions listed, it is the most associated with HIV infection. Stomatitis is associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Krythoplakia is caused by a nonspecific inflammation. Candidiasis is caused by fungus.
A client who is recovering from anesthesia following oral surgery for lip cancer is experiencing difficulty breathing deeply and coughing up secretions. Which measure will help ease the client's discomfort?
Keeping the head of the bed elevated.
A client who is recovering from anesthesia following oral surgery for lip cancer is experiencing difficulty breathing deeply and coughing up secretions. Which of the following measures will help ease the client's discomfort?
Keeping the head of the bed elevated.
Which of the following is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? Select all that apply.
Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Rabeprazole (AcipHex) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1284
For a client with salivary calculi, which procedure uses shock waves to disintegrate the stone?
Lithotripsy
Which of the following are functions of saliva? Select all that apply.
Lubrication Protection against harmful bacteria Digestion Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1270 The three main functions of saliva are lubrication, protection against harmful bacteria, and digestion. Elimination and metabolism are not functions of saliva.
Immediate medical and nursing management is necessary for a patient who has ingested a corrosive substance and experienced a chemical burn. Select the first response.
Maintain a patent airway.
Which of the following medications, used in the treatment of GERD, accelerate gastric emptying?
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1284 Prokinetic agents which accelerate gastric emptying, used in the treatment of GERD, include bethanechol (Urecholine), domperidone (Motilium), and metoclopramide (Reglan). If reflux persists, the patient may be given antacids or H2 receptor antagonists, such as famotidine (Pepcid) or nizatidine (Axid). Proton pump inhibitors (medications that decrease the release of gastric acid, such as esomeprazole (Nexium) may be used, also.
A client has been taking a 10-day course of antibiotics for pneumonia. The client has been having white patches that look like milk curds in the mouth. What treatment will the nurse educate the client about?
Nystatin
An elderly client comes into the emergency department reporting an earache. The client and has an oral temperature of 37.9° (100.2ºF) and otoscopic assessment of the ear reveals a pearly gray tympanic membrane with no evidence of discharge or inflammation. Which action should the triage nurse take next?
Palpate the client's parotid glands to detect swelling and tenderness.
A patient reports an inflamed salivary gland below the right ear. The nurse documents probable inflammation of which gland?
Parotid Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1269 The salivary glands consist of the parotid glands, one on each side of the face below the ear; the submandibular and sublingual glands, both in the floor of the mouth; and the buccal gland, beneath the lips.
The nurse is preparing to assess the donor site of a client who underwent a myocutaneous flap after a radical neck dissection. The nurse prepares to assess the most commonly used muscle for this surgery. Which muscle should the nurse assess?
Pectoralis major
The client has returned to the floor following a radical neck dissection. Anesthesia has worn off. What is the nurse's priority action?
Place the client in the Fowler's position. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1275 All the options are activities the nurse may do; however, the nurse has to prioritize according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Physiological needs are addressed first. Under physiological needs, ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) take priority. Placing the client in the Fowler's position facilitates breathing and promotes comfort.
A client with oral cancer reports dryness of the mouth. What is the nurse's best response?
Provide a humidifier for the client to use while sleeping.
Which of the following refers to a bacterial or viral infection of the salivary glands?
Sialadenitis
Which term describes an inflammation of the salivary glands?
Sialadenitis
The nurse notes that a client has inflammation of the salivary glands. The nurse documents which finding?
Sialadenitis Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1270 Sialadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands. Parotitis is inflammation of the parotid glands. Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa. Pyosis is pus.
The nurse is reviewing the chart of a client with swallowing problems. Which factors would raise suspicion that the client has cancer of the esophagus? Select all that apply.
Smoking history of 20 years Male gender Previous treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease
An older client is diagnosed with parotitis. What bacterial infection does the nurse suspect caused the client's parotitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
Select the assessment finding that the nurse should immediately report, post radical neck dissection.
Stridor Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1275 Stridor is the presence of coarse, high-pitched sounds on inspiration. The nurse would auscultate frequently over the trachea. This finding must be immediately reported because it indicates airway obstruction.
The client has a chancre on the lips. What instruction should the nurse provide?
Take measures to prevent spreading the lesion to other people.
A nurse enters the room of a client who has returned to the unit after having a radical neck dissection. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
The client lying in a lateral position, with the head of bed flat
A nurse is assessing a client with a family history of cancer. Which finding requires immediate follow-up?
The client states he feels like he always has a lump in his throat.
Cardiac complications, which may occur following resection of an esophageal tumor, are associated with irritation of which nerve at the time of surgery?
Vagus Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1288 Cardiac complications include atrial fibrillation, which occurs due to irritation of the vagus nerve at the time of surgery. The hypoglossal nerve controls muscles of the tongue. The vestibulocochlear nerve functions in hearing and balance. The trigeminal nerve functions in chewing of food.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who fell from a bicycle, resulting in a fractured jaw. The client underwent surgical intervention with rigid fixation. What teaching should the nurse include with client education?
Ways to obtain nutritional supplementation
Which of the following assessment findings would be most important for indicating dumping syndrome in a postgastrectomy client?
Weakness, diaphoresis, diarrhea 90 minutes after eating
Which of the following is the most common type of diverticulum?
Zenker's diverticulum Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1281 The most common type of diverticulum, which is found three times more frequently in men than women, is Zenker's diverticulum (also known as pharyngoesophageal pulsion diverticulum or a pharyngeal pouch).
A patient has been NPO for two days anticipating surgery which has been repeatedly delayed. In addition to risks of nutritional and fluid deficits, the nurse determines that this patient is at the greatest risk for:
altered oral mucous membranes.
The most common symptom of esophageal disease is
dysphagia.
A client is in the initial stages of oral cancer diagnosis and is frightened about the side effects of treatment and subsequent prognosis. The client has many questions regarding this type of cancer and asks where oral cancer typically occurs. What is the nurse's response?
floor of the mouth
The nurse is caring for client scheduled to undergo radical neck dissection. During preoperative teaching, the nurse states that an associated complication is
shoulder drop.
A client has received a diagnosis of oral cancer. During client education, the client expresses dismay at not having recognized any early signs or symptoms of the disease. The nurse tells the client that in early stages of this disease:
there are usually no symptoms. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1271 The early stage of oral cancer is characteristically asymptomatic.
Which term is used to describe stone formation in a salivary gland, usually the submandibular gland?
Sialolithiasis
A client who has occasional gastric symptoms is receiving teaching on how to prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching?
"Eliminating bothersome foods will help."
An adolescent client with multiple dental caries is discussing diet with the nurse. What client statement identifies a risk factor for dental caries?
"I drink a can of carbonated soda at lunch every day."
Health teaching for a patient with GERD is directed toward decreasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure and irritation. The nurse instructs the patient to do which of the following? Select all that apply.
Avoid beer, especially in the evening. Elevate the head of the bed on 6- to 8-inch blocks. Elevate the upper body on pillows. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1283 Milk should be avoided, as should eating before bed. Advise the patient not to eat or drink 2 hours before bedtime.
The nurse is caring for a client during the postoperative period following radical neck dissection. Which finding should be reported to the physician?
High epigastric pain and/or discomfort Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1278 The nurse should report high epigastric pain and/or discomfort because this can be a sign of impending rupture. Crackles that clear after coughing, serous drainage on the dressing, and a temperature of 99.0°F are normal findings in the immediate postoperative period and do not need to be reported to the physician.
A client is being evaluated for esophageal cancer. What initial manifestation of esophageal cancer should the nurse assess?
Increasing difficulty in swallowing Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1287 The client first becomes aware of intermittent and increasing difficulty in swallowing with esophageal cancer. As the tumor grows and the obstruction becomes nearly complete, even liquids cannot pass into the stomach. Other clinical manifestations may include the sensation of a mass in the throat, foul breath, and hiccups, but these are not the most common initial clinical manifestation with clients with esophageal cancer.
The nurse is planning care for a client with painful oral lesions. Which food should be included in the client's diet?
Jell-O
A nurse practitioner, who is treating a patient with GERD, knows that responsiveness to this drug classification is validation of the disease. The drug classification is:
Proton pump inhibitors.
A client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and fatigue is diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Because this client has difficulty swallowing, what should the nurse assign highest priority to?
Maintaining a patent airway
The nurse working in the recovery room is caring for a client who had a radical neck dissection. The nurse notices that the client makes a coarse, high-pitched sound upon inspiration. Which intervention by the nurse is appropriate?
Notify the physician Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1275 The presence of stridor, a coarse, high-pitched sound upon inspiration, in the immediate postoperative period following radical neck dissection, indicates obstruction of the airway, and the nurse must report it immediately to the physician.
A nurse practitioner, who is treating a patient with GERD, knows that this type of drug helps treat the symptoms of the disease. The drug classification is:
Proton pump inhibitors. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1284 Proton pump inhibitors are the strongest inhibitors of acid secretions. The H2-receptor antagonists are the next most powerful.
A patient has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. The nurse explains the diagnosis to the patient and his family by telling them that a hernia is a (an):
Protrusion of the upper stomach into the lower portion of the thorax. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1280 It is important for the patient and his family to understand the altered association between the esophagus and the stomach. The diaphragm opening, through which the esophagus passes, becomes enlarged and part of the upper stomach moves up into the lower portion of the thorax. The abnormality is not an involuntary, protruding, or twisted segment.
Which term refers to the symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is characterized by a burning sensation in the esophagus?
Pyrosis Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1283 Pyrosis refers to a burning sensation in the esophagus and indicates GERD. Indigestion is termed dyspepsia. Difficulty swallowing is termed dysphagia. Pain on swallowing is termed odynophagia.
A client with an esophageal stricture is about to undergo esophageal dilatation. As the bougies are passed down the esophagus, the nurse should instruct the client to do which action to minimize the vomiting urge?
Take long, slow breaths Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1283 During passage of the bougies used to dilate the esophagus, the client should take long, slow breaths to minimize the vomiting urge. Having the client hold the breath, bear down as if having a bowel movement, or pant like a dog is neither required nor helpful.
A client with dysphagia is being prepared for discharge. Which outcome indicates that the client is ready for discharge?
The client is free from esophagitis and achalasia. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1279 Dysphagia may be the reason why a client with esophagitis or achalasia seeks treatment. Therefore, when the client is free of esophagitis or achalasia, he is ready for discharge. Dysphagia isn't associated with rectal tenesmus, duodenal inflammation, or abnormal gastric structures.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a slightly overweight client seen in the Emergency Department with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nurse notes in the client's record that the client is taking carbidopa/levodopa. Which order for the client by the health care provider should the nurse question?
metoclopramide Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1284 The instructions are appropriate for the client experiencing gastroesophageal reflux disease. The client is prescribed carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet), which is used for Parkinson's disease. Metoclopramide can have extrapyramidal effects, and these effects can be increased in clients with Parkinson's disease.
The nurse is conducting a health instruction program on oral cancer. The nurse determines that the participants understand the instructions when they state
"Many oral cancers produce no symptoms in the early stages."
The nurse is creating a discharge teaching plan for a client after surgery for oral cancer. Which should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.
Oral hygiene Follow-up dental appointment Follow-up medical appointment Use of humidification
A patient describes a burning sensation in the esophagus, pain when swallowing, and frequent indigestion. What does the nurse suspect that these clinical manifestations indicate?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1283 Symptoms may include pyrosis (burning sensation in the esophagus), dyspepsia (indigestion), regurgitation, dysphagia or odynophagia (pain on swallowing), hypersalivation, and esophagitis.
An older adult patient who has been living at home alone is diagnosed with parotitis. What causative bacteria does the nurse suspect is the cause of the parotitis?
Staphylococcus aureus Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1270 People who are older, acutely ill, or debilitated with decreased salivary flow from general dehydration or medications are at high risk for parotitis. The infecting organisms travel from the mouth through the salivary duct. The organism is usually Staphylococcus aureus (except in mumps).
A client with cancer has a neck dissection and laryngectomy. An intervention that the nurse will do is:
Make a notation on the call light system that the client cannot speak. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1276 The client who has a laryngectomy cannot speak. Other personnel need to know this when answering the call light system. Exercises for the neck and shoulder are usually started after the drains have been removed and the neck incision is sufficiently healed. Humidified oxygen is provided through the tracheostomy to keep secretions thin. To prevent pneumonia, the client should be placed in a sitting position.
A client with a disorder of the oral cavity cannot tolerate tooth brushing or flossing. Which strategy should the nurse use to assist the client?
Provide the client with an irrigating solution of baking soda and warm water. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1272 If a client cannot tolerate brushing or flossing, an irrigating solution of 1 tsp of baking soda to 8 oz of warm water, half strength hydrogen peroxide, or normal saline solution is recommended. Using tap water is not enough to promote oral hygiene. Drinking a small glass of alcohol will not provide oral hygiene. Wiping the outside of the mouth will not promote oral hygiene.
A client has been diagnosed with Zenker's diverticulum. What treatment does the nurse include in the client education?
Surgical removal of the diverticulum Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1282 Because Zenker's diverticulum is progressive, the only means of cure is surgical removal of the diverticulum. A low-residue diet will not stop the progression of the disease. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy will not target the specific site of the Zenker's diverticulum.
A client comes to the clinic complaining of a sore throat. When assessing the client, the nurse observes a reddened ulcerated lesion on the lip. The client tells the nurse that it has been there for a couple of weeks but it does not hurt. What should the nurse consult with the health care provider about testing for?
Syphilis
A client has a new order for metoclopramide. What extrapyramidal side effect should the nurse assess for in the client?
Uncontrolled rhythmic movements of the face or limbs Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1284 Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that accelerates gastric emptying. Because metoclopramide can have extrapyramidal side effects that are increased in certain neuromuscular disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, it should be used only if no other option exists, and the client should be monitored closely for uncontrolled rhythmic movements of the face or limbs. Metoclopramide side effects are headache, confusion, and drowsiness. Anxiety, hyperactivity, and a dry mouth are not common side effects.
While stripping wax from surfboards, a client accidentally ingested a refrigerated strong base cleaning solution, thinking it was water. What interventions would the nurse anticipate including in this client's care plan? Select all that apply.
Administer medication for report of pain. Insert an intravenous (IV) catheter for administration of IV fluids. Maintain nothing by mouth status. Assess respiratory status every 4 hours and prn.
The term for a reddened circumscribed lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted and is a primary lesion of syphilis is a(n)
chancre.
The healthcare provider of a client with oral cancer has ordered the placement of a GI tube to provide nutrition and to deliver medications. What would be the preferred route?
nasogastric intubation Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1244 The nasal route is the preferred route for passing a tube when the client's nose is intact and free from injury.
A client in the emergency department reports that a piece of meat became stuck in the throat while eating. The nurse notes the client is anxious with respirations at 30 breaths/min, frequent swallowing, and little saliva in the mouth. An esophagogastroscopy with removal of foreign body is scheduled for today. What would be the first activity performed by the nurse?
Assess lung sounds bilaterally. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1282 All these activities are things the nurse may do for a client with a foreign body in the esophagus. This client is at risk for esophageal perforation, and thus pneumothorax. By auscultating lung sounds the nurse will be able to assess if a pneumothorax is present. The client has little saliva in the oral cavity and does not need to be suctioned. A client may also report pain with a foreign body. However, ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) take priority. The consent for the esophagogastroscopy may be obtained after the nurse has completed the client assessment.
A client experienced surgical resection of a tumor of the esophagus. After recovery from the anesthesia, what will the nurse include in the postoperative care plans? Select all that apply.
Assess lung sounds every 4 hours and prn. Monitor drainage in the closed chest drainage system. Verify rhythm on the cardiac monitoring system.
The nurse instructs the client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) regarding dietary measures. Which action by the client demonstrates that the client has understood the recommended dietary changes?
Avoiding chocolate and coffee. Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1283 Chocolate, tea, cola, and caffeine lower esophageal sphincter pressure, thereby increasing reflux. Clients do not need to eliminate spicy foods unless such foods bother them. Foods with seeds are restricted in diverticulosis. Steamed foods are encouraged to retain vitamins and decrease fat intake.
The nurse is obtaining a history on a patient who comes to the clinic. What symptom described by the patient is one of the first symptoms associated with esophageal disease?
Dysphagia Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1279 Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), the most common symptom of esophageal disease, may vary from an uncomfortable feeling that a bolus of food is caught in the upper esophagus to acute odynophagia (pain on swallowing).
Tube feedings are advised for a client who is recovering from oral surgery. The nurse manages the tube feedings to minimize the risk of aspiration. Which measures should the nurse include in the care plan to reduce the risk of aspiration? Select all that apply.
Place client in semi-Fowler's position during and 30 to 60 minutes after an intermittent feeding. Check tube placement and gastric residual prior to feedings.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of bulimia. The client complains of retrosternal pain and dysphagia after forcibly causing herself to vomit after a large meal. The nurse suspects which condition?
Boerhaave syndrome Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1282 Boerhaave syndrome, a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus after forceful vomiting (may occur after eating a large meal), is characterized by retrosternal pain, dysphagia, infection, fever, and severe hypotension. Halitosis (bad breath) is a symptom of pharyngoesophageal pulsion diverticulum, also known as Zenker diverticulum. A periapical abscess (an abscessed tooth) is characterized by dull, gnawing continuous pain, cellulitis, and edema and mobility of the involved tooth.
A nurse is providing education to a client with GERD. The client asks what measures can be taken independently to help reduce the symptoms. Which interventions would the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.
maintaining an upright position following meals avoiding foods that intensify symptoms
The nurse provides health teaching to inform the client with oral cancer that
many oral cancers produce no symptoms in the early stages.
When caring for a client with the impaired swallowing related to neuromuscular impairment, what is the nurse's priority intervention?
Elevate the head of the bed 90 degrees during meals.
During a psychotic episode, a client with schizophrenia swallows a small wooden spoon. Which medication would the nurse in the emergency department be most likely to administer to facilitate removal of the foreign body?
Glucagon
A nurse is performing an assessment for a client who presents to the clinic with an erythemic, fissuring lip lesion with white hyperkeratosis. What does the nurse suspect that these findings are characteristic of?
Actinic cheilitis Chapter 45: Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders - Page 1266 Actinic cheilitis is an irritation of the lips associated with scaling, crusting, fissure, and overgrowth of a white, horny layer of epidermis (hyperkeratosis). Human papillomavirus lesions appear as flat lesions, small cauliflower-like bumps, or tiny stem-like protrusions. Frey syndrome is damage to the parotid glands after surgery resulting in saliva disturbances. Sialadenitis is an infection associated with pain, tenderness, redness, and gradual, localized swelling affecting the salivary gland.
A client who had oral cancer has had extensive surgery to excise the malignancy. Although surgery was deemed successful, it was quite disfiguring and incapacitating. What is essential to this client and family?
time to mourn, accept, and adjust to the loss