ch6; conn. tissue cells (pg.174-

Adipocytes differentiate from ___ ___ cells and gradually accumulate fat in their cytoplasm.

mesenchymal stem cells

The role of pericytes as ___ ___ ___ was confirmed experimentally in studies in which cultured pericytes from retinal capillaries were able to differentiate into a variety of cells, including osteoblast, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts.

mesenchymal stem cells

Macrophages are derived from blood cells called ____.

monocytes

Monocytes are not called macrophages until ___...

monocytes become macrophages whenever they are out of the bloodstream

Mast cells initially circular in the peripheral blood as granular cells of ___ appearance.

monocytic

The cells that are included in the __ __ __ primarily are derived from monocytes and denote a population of antigen-presenting cells involved in the processing of foreign substances.

mononuclear phagocyte system MPS

Macrophages arrive after __ to the site of tissue injury and undergo differentiation. These are known as first responders and are the most abundant WBCs.

neutrophils

Adult stem cells are found in many tissues and organs, residing in specific sites referred to as __.

niches

The vascular ___ found around capillaries and venules are mesenchymal stem cells.

pericytes

___, also called adventitial cells, are found around capillaries and venules.

pericytes

__ cells are antibody-producing cells derived from B lymphocytes.

plasma cells

Mast cells are especially numerous in the connective tissues of __ and __ __ but are not present in the brain and spinal cord.

skin and mucous membranes

Pericytes differentiate into ___ and ___ cells.

smooth muscle and epithelium cells

____ have long life spans and are effectors in cell mediated immunity

t lymphocytes

Cells residing within niches in various tissues and organs are called __ __ cells.

tissue stem cells

The fibroblasts and blood vessels within healing wounds develop from mesenchymal stem cells associated with the __ ___ of venues.

tunica adventitia

Classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) promote: 1. 2. 3.

1. inflammation 2. destruction of ECM 3. apoptosis

___ are the principal cell of connective tissue.

Fibroblasts

__ are principally involved in immune responses.

Lymphocytes

__ cells develop in bone marrow and differentiate in connective tissue.

Mast

___ display properties of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.

Myofibroblasts

Site of differentiation of mast cells

connective tissue

Activated macrophage (M2 macrophages) promote:

1. resolving inflammation 2. rebuilding ECM 3. angiogenesis

Lymphocytes are a heterogeneous population of three major functional cell types:

1. t cells 2. b cells 3. natural killer cells

Another name for connective tissue macrophages

Histocytes

__ are antigen-presenting cells and play an important role in immune response reactions.

Macrophages

___ are phagocytic cells derived from monocytes that contain an abundant number of lysosomes.

Macrophages

___ destroy virus infected cells and some tumor cells by cytotoxic mechanism.

NK cells

The old term for pericytes is __ cells.

Rouglet cells

The ___ is a connective tissue cell specialized to store neutral fat and produce a variety of hormones.

adipocyte

Many tissues in mature individuals contain reservoirs of stem cells called __ __ cells.

adult stem cells

Because macrophages "present" antigens to helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, they are called __ __ __.

antigen presenting cells

___ recognize antigen, have a variable life span, and are effectors in antibody mediated immunity.

b lymphocytes

Site of differentiation of basophils

bone marrow

Mast cells are especially numerous in the connective tissues of skin and mucous membranes but are not present in the __ and __ __.

brain and spinal cord

Basophils develop and mature in the bone marrow then are releases to the __ system as mature cells.

circulation

Basophils differentiate from mast cells within the ___ system.

circulatory

Eosinophils, monocytes, and neutrophils are observed in ___ tissue.

connective

Of the following, which are resident cell population cells: fibroblasts macrophages lymphocytes plasma cells neutrophils adipocytes eosinophils monocytes mast cells monocytes adult stem cells

fibroblasts adult stem cells adipocytes macrophages mast cells

Most mast cell secretory produces (mediators of inflammation) are stored in __ and are released at the time of mast cell activation.

granules

Macrophages have specific proteins on their surface known as major histocompatibility complex II that allow them to interact with __ ___ ___.

helper CD4+ T lymphocytes

Mast cells and basophils arise from pluripotential __ __ __ in bone marrow.

hemopoietic stem cell

The surface of mature mast cells expresses a large number of ___ __ ___ to which immunoglobulin E antibodies are attached.

high-affinity Fc receptors

Connective tissue ___ are the smallest of the wandering cells in the connective tissue.

lymphocytes

Macrophages have specific proteins on their surface known as ___ ___ ___ that allow them to interact with helper CD4+ T lymphocytes.

major histocompatibility complex II MHC II

Histamine, heparin, serine proteases, eosinphil chemotactic factor, leukotriene, TNF, and interleukins are __ cell preformed mediators.

mast

The __ cell is related to the basophil, a white blood cell that contains similar granules.

mast