Ch7 Proteins: Amino Acids

(weight in pounds) / _____ = weight in kilograms

2.2

When the pH of blood is below ____ this is known as acidosis

7.4

PER

Measures the weight gain of growing laboratory animals in relation to a specific type of protein

mrasmus

dying away, the condition of starvation, inadequate kcals and protein - impaired cognition -weakness -impaired cognition

Animal proteins are a good source of all nine _______ amino acids.

essential

People with celiac disease:

have damage to the small intestine

AMDR for protein

10-35%

What is the AMDR of energy for protein?

10-35%

Poor sources of protein are ______

fruit

Which cells don't contain protein?

none, all cells contain some protein

polypeptides

proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids

Where does protein digestion begin and end?

stomach/small intestinal cells

lactovegetarian

vegetarian who consumes milk and milk products for animal proteins

lactoovovegetarian

vegetarian who consumes milk products and eggs for animal proteins

ovovegetarian

vegetarian who eats eggs for animal protein

vegan

vegetarian who eats only plant foods

To make dishes with complementary combinations, a consumer must know

which plant foods are good source of protein which essential amino acids are limiting in plant foods

What oil is a good source of omega-3's?

canola oil

What elements are combined to make a protein?

carbon nitrogen oxygen hydrogen

What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?

celiac disease

Which element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?

nitrogen

Which element is primarily lost through the elimination of urea and creatinine?

nitrogen

What is one way the body uses proteins?

- build new cells and many functional components of cells

___ grams per kilogram body weight

0.8 grams

Rank the basic steps of protein synthesis

1. DNA unwinds exposing a gene 2. the gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers information from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. the ribosomes "read" the messenger RNA 5. RNA molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome 6. at the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain

Rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal

1. deamination results in the production of ammonia 2. liver converts ammonia to urea 3. urea is released into the blood 4. kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine

Order the food most protein to least protein

Tuna Miso (soybean product) milk green peas

What do you divide your weight in kg with to get your RDA of protein?

___kg / 0.8 = protein RDA

ALA is another name for

omega 3

Name some disadvantages of a vegetarian diet

Low: Vitamins B-12, and riboflavin zinc, iron, and calcium Omega-3 fatty acids certain essential amino acids energy

Edema refers to

a build up of fluid in tissues

After being digested, most amino acids are transported into _______ ______

absorptive cells

peptide bond

chemical link that connects two amino acids together

What's an excellent source of Omega-3's, fiber, iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc?

chia seeds

Who has an increased RDA for protein?

children in periods of rapid growth pregnant women breastfeeding women

According to the WHO, treating children with PEM includes

controlled refeeding frequent health assessment hospitilization

______ does not "kill" protein because they aren't alive, but the process usually permanently alters the protein's shape and functions.

denaturation

Name some advantages of a vegetarian diet

low saturated fat and cholesterol high fiber phytochemicals vitamins C, E, and folic acid Magnesium and potassium

Protein synthesis begins when a gene's coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied (transcription) forming

messenger RNA

The reason that on person might take a Vitamin C supplementing resulting in kidney stones and another person might take the same amount of that supplement and not develop kidney stones may be related to:

nutritional genomics

PEM is

protein-energy malnutrition

Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach

1. denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin 2. the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes 3. final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver 5. rectum: very little dietary protein in is excreted in feces

Put the processes of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish

1. digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin 3. final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the iliver

PDCCA

Considers how well the body converts food protein into body tissue and also the amino acid composition

Children with PEM are at risk for which of the following?

Lower intelligence stunted growth weakness and irritability

The percentage of adults who do not eat meat, fish or poultry is about:

2.3%

kwashiorkor

acute protein deficiency; could be from an infection or abrupt change in diet -edema (swelling) - protruding abdomen - poor wound healing

The two key factors in determining the quality of a protein are _______ and the ______

amino acid digestibility digestibility

The end product of protein digestion is

amino acids

Biological Value

based on how well and how quickly the body converts food protein in to body tissue proteins

Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a:

food intolerance

What are potential causes of denaturation?

heat stomach acid whipping exposure to alcohol or acid

People who eat a diet with _____ proteins are less likely to have hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

plant

Amino acids are building blocks of _____

protein

Enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of _____

protein

Gluten sensitivity and celiac disease have which of the following in common?

requires a gluten free diet symptoms such as diarrhea and weight loss

peptides

small chains of amino acids

What are common signs and symptoms of food allergies?

swollen or itchy lips skin flushing difficulty swallowing hives eczema wheezing difficulty breathing abdominal pain vomiting diarrhea

Protein-energy malnutrition is an example of

undernutrition