Ch7 Proteins: Amino Acids
(weight in pounds) / _____ = weight in kilograms
2.2
When the pH of blood is below ____ this is known as acidosis
7.4
PER
Measures the weight gain of growing laboratory animals in relation to a specific type of protein
mrasmus
dying away, the condition of starvation, inadequate kcals and protein - impaired cognition -weakness -impaired cognition
Animal proteins are a good source of all nine _______ amino acids.
essential
People with celiac disease:
have damage to the small intestine
AMDR for protein
10-35%
What is the AMDR of energy for protein?
10-35%
Poor sources of protein are ______
fruit
Which cells don't contain protein?
none, all cells contain some protein
polypeptides
proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids
Where does protein digestion begin and end?
stomach/small intestinal cells
lactovegetarian
vegetarian who consumes milk and milk products for animal proteins
lactoovovegetarian
vegetarian who consumes milk products and eggs for animal proteins
ovovegetarian
vegetarian who eats eggs for animal protein
vegan
vegetarian who eats only plant foods
To make dishes with complementary combinations, a consumer must know
which plant foods are good source of protein which essential amino acids are limiting in plant foods
What oil is a good source of omega-3's?
canola oil
What elements are combined to make a protein?
carbon nitrogen oxygen hydrogen
What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?
celiac disease
Which element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?
nitrogen
Which element is primarily lost through the elimination of urea and creatinine?
nitrogen
What is one way the body uses proteins?
- build new cells and many functional components of cells
___ grams per kilogram body weight
0.8 grams
Rank the basic steps of protein synthesis
1. DNA unwinds exposing a gene 2. the gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers information from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. the ribosomes "read" the messenger RNA 5. RNA molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome 6. at the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain
Rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal
1. deamination results in the production of ammonia 2. liver converts ammonia to urea 3. urea is released into the blood 4. kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine
Order the food most protein to least protein
Tuna Miso (soybean product) milk green peas
What do you divide your weight in kg with to get your RDA of protein?
___kg / 0.8 = protein RDA
ALA is another name for
omega 3
Name some disadvantages of a vegetarian diet
Low: Vitamins B-12, and riboflavin zinc, iron, and calcium Omega-3 fatty acids certain essential amino acids energy
Edema refers to
a build up of fluid in tissues
After being digested, most amino acids are transported into _______ ______
absorptive cells
peptide bond
chemical link that connects two amino acids together
What's an excellent source of Omega-3's, fiber, iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc?
chia seeds
Who has an increased RDA for protein?
children in periods of rapid growth pregnant women breastfeeding women
According to the WHO, treating children with PEM includes
controlled refeeding frequent health assessment hospitilization
______ does not "kill" protein because they aren't alive, but the process usually permanently alters the protein's shape and functions.
denaturation
Name some advantages of a vegetarian diet
low saturated fat and cholesterol high fiber phytochemicals vitamins C, E, and folic acid Magnesium and potassium
Protein synthesis begins when a gene's coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied (transcription) forming
messenger RNA
The reason that on person might take a Vitamin C supplementing resulting in kidney stones and another person might take the same amount of that supplement and not develop kidney stones may be related to:
nutritional genomics
PEM is
protein-energy malnutrition
Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach
1. denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin 2. the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes 3. final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver 5. rectum: very little dietary protein in is excreted in feces
Put the processes of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish
1. digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin 3. final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the iliver
PDCCA
Considers how well the body converts food protein into body tissue and also the amino acid composition
Children with PEM are at risk for which of the following?
Lower intelligence stunted growth weakness and irritability
The percentage of adults who do not eat meat, fish or poultry is about:
2.3%
kwashiorkor
acute protein deficiency; could be from an infection or abrupt change in diet -edema (swelling) - protruding abdomen - poor wound healing
The two key factors in determining the quality of a protein are _______ and the ______
amino acid digestibility digestibility
The end product of protein digestion is
amino acids
Biological Value
based on how well and how quickly the body converts food protein in to body tissue proteins
Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a:
food intolerance
What are potential causes of denaturation?
heat stomach acid whipping exposure to alcohol or acid
People who eat a diet with _____ proteins are less likely to have hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
plant
Amino acids are building blocks of _____
protein
Enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of _____
protein
Gluten sensitivity and celiac disease have which of the following in common?
requires a gluten free diet symptoms such as diarrhea and weight loss
peptides
small chains of amino acids
What are common signs and symptoms of food allergies?
swollen or itchy lips skin flushing difficulty swallowing hives eczema wheezing difficulty breathing abdominal pain vomiting diarrhea
Protein-energy malnutrition is an example of
undernutrition