Chap 7 - Short Answer

A compromise to overcome the disadvantages of fixed partitioning and dynamic partitioning is the __________ .

Buddy System

A __________ can occur as a result of a programming error when a process attempts to store data beyond the limits of a fixed-sized buffer and consequently overwrites adjacent memory locations.

Buffer Overflow

As time goes on, memory becomes more and more fragmented and memory utilization declines, creating a phenomenon referred to as _________ .

External Fragmentation

A _________ is a fixed length block of main memory.

Frame

A __________ is a variable length block of data that resides in secondary memory.

Segment

When there is wasted space internal to a partition due to the fact that the block of data loaded is smaller than the partition is referred to as __________.

internal fragmentation

_________ in a computer system is organized as a linear, or one-dimensional, address space, consisting of a sequence of bytes or words.

main memory

The task of subdividing memory to accommodate multiple processes is carried out dynamically by the operating system and is known as ___________ .

memory management

In a practice known as _________ , the program and data are organized in such a way that various modules can be assigned the same region of memory with a main program responsible for switching the modules in and out as needed.

overlaying

A __________ is an actual location in main memory.

physical address

The basic tools of memory management are paging and __________ .

segmentation

A __________ is a reference to a memory location independent of the current assignment of data to memory.

Logical Address

A fixed length block of data that resides in secondary memory is a __________ .

Page

The __________ shows the frame location for each page of the process.

Page Table

Countermeasures to defend systems against attacks can be classified into two categories: compile-time defenses and _________ .

Run-Time Defenses