chapter 1
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model
Microsystem. Mesosystem. Exosystem. Macrosystem.
information processing theory
encoding storage retrieval
ethological theories
focus on biology and the role of early experiences during specific periods both nature (biology) and nurture (early experiences)
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: mesosystem
Bronfenbrenner's next level, the mesosystem, describes how the different parts of a child's microsystem work together for the sake of the child.
piaget stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational
continuous
Theorists who believe children grow continuously believe that kids constantly add new lessons and skills on top of old lessons and skills as they get older.
piaget stages of cognitive development: formal operational
adolescents begin to use abstract thinking and reasoning with more complex symbols
social learning theory
bandura emphasized the role of modeling observational learning in behavior
how do developmental psychologists divide their analysis into 3 domains
biological, cognitive and psychosocial
RNA
carries transcribes and traslates those instructions
piaget stages of cognitive development: concrete operational
children develop the ability to reason about concrete objects
discontinuous
children grow discontinuously believe children grow in stages as they seem to develop chunks of abilities and to experience events at certain times in life.
learning theories
focus on how experiences affect learning behavior nurture drives development
system theories
focus on how interacting environmental and biological systems shape development both nature (biology) and nurture (multiple contexts) and their interaction
constructivist and information processing theory
focus on the way children think both nature (innate desire to learn) and nurture (stimulating environment)
psychoanalytic theory
freud. id ego superego. 5 stages of psychosexual stages oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
adolescence 12-18
identity vs identity confusion
middle childhood 6-11
industry vs inferiority
piaget stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor
infants understand the world through actions
early childhood 4-5
initiative vs guilt
psychoanalytic based theories
personality formation, children must resolve conflicts to progress through stages both nature (innate impulses) and nurture (early experiences with caregiver) discontinuous
piaget stages of cognitive development: preoperational
preschoolers being to use representations including words and pictures rather than actions to understand the world
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: exosystem
The exosystem level includes the other people and places that the child herself may not interact with often herself but that still have a large affect on her, such as parents' workplaces, extended family members, the neighborhood, etc.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: macrosystem
The macrosystem includes things such as the relative freedoms permitted by the national government, cultural values, the economy, wars, etc. These things can also affect a child either positively or negatively.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: microsystem
The microsystem is the small, immediate environment the child lives in. Children's microsystems will include any immediate relationships or organizations they interact with, such as their immediate family or caregivers and their school or daycare.
genotype
a person's inherited potential
toddler 2-3
autonomy vs shame/doubt
infancy birth-1
trust vs mistrust