chapter 1

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model

Microsystem. Mesosystem. Exosystem. Macrosystem.

information processing theory

encoding storage retrieval

ethological theories

focus on biology and the role of early experiences during specific periods both nature (biology) and nurture (early experiences)

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: mesosystem

Bronfenbrenner's next level, the mesosystem, describes how the different parts of a child's microsystem work together for the sake of the child.

piaget stages of cognitive development

sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational

continuous

Theorists who believe children grow continuously believe that kids constantly add new lessons and skills on top of old lessons and skills as they get older.

piaget stages of cognitive development: formal operational

adolescents begin to use abstract thinking and reasoning with more complex symbols

social learning theory

bandura emphasized the role of modeling observational learning in behavior

how do developmental psychologists divide their analysis into 3 domains

biological, cognitive and psychosocial

RNA

carries transcribes and traslates those instructions

piaget stages of cognitive development: concrete operational

children develop the ability to reason about concrete objects

discontinuous

children grow discontinuously believe children grow in stages as they seem to develop chunks of abilities and to experience events at certain times in life.

learning theories

focus on how experiences affect learning behavior nurture drives development

system theories

focus on how interacting environmental and biological systems shape development both nature (biology) and nurture (multiple contexts) and their interaction

constructivist and information processing theory

focus on the way children think both nature (innate desire to learn) and nurture (stimulating environment)

psychoanalytic theory

freud. id ego superego. 5 stages of psychosexual stages oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

adolescence 12-18

identity vs identity confusion

middle childhood 6-11

industry vs inferiority

piaget stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor

infants understand the world through actions

early childhood 4-5

initiative vs guilt

psychoanalytic based theories

personality formation, children must resolve conflicts to progress through stages both nature (innate impulses) and nurture (early experiences with caregiver) discontinuous

piaget stages of cognitive development: preoperational

preschoolers being to use representations including words and pictures rather than actions to understand the world

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: exosystem

The exosystem level includes the other people and places that the child herself may not interact with often herself but that still have a large affect on her, such as parents' workplaces, extended family members, the neighborhood, etc.

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: macrosystem

The macrosystem includes things such as the relative freedoms permitted by the national government, cultural values, the economy, wars, etc. These things can also affect a child either positively or negatively.

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model: microsystem

The microsystem is the small, immediate environment the child lives in. Children's microsystems will include any immediate relationships or organizations they interact with, such as their immediate family or caregivers and their school or daycare.

genotype

a person's inherited potential

toddler 2-3

autonomy vs shame/doubt

infancy birth-1

trust vs mistrust