Chapter 1

Which of the following is likely to limit the availability of food?

(All of these are likely to limit the availability of food) b. Where a person lives c. None of these are likely to limit the availability of food d. Socioeconomic status e. Health status

Which of the following statements is TRUE about scientific method?

Experimental results may or may not prove the hypothesis to be true

When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor?

How many researchers were involved in the study

Which of the following statements about the typical American diet is true?

Intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed than expended

Which of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial?

It helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research

Which one of the following statements describes a correct function of nutrients?

Lipids can be used as regulatory molecules

Which of the following nutrients are NOT organic molecules?

Minerals

What is true about nutrients?

Nutrients must be supplied in the diet to support life

Which of the following functions is performed by all members of all six classes of nutrients?

Regulate body processes

Which is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals?

Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is:

a phytochemical

When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called:

a single blind

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food choice based on:

cultural and family background

In a controlled study, if neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment, the study is called a/an

double blind study

Under-nutrition does not include:

eating too much saturated fat

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?

vitamins

Which is an example of anecdotal information?

A famous runner reports having more energy after eating a certain type of power bar

Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements?

A pamphlet published by the health food store

Which of the following accurately describes a hypothesis?

An educated guess made to explain an observation

What information would determine the validity of a nutrition claim?

The study was published in peer-reviewed journals

What is TRUE about our food choices?

The foods we are exposed to as children influence what foods we eat as adults

Which one of the following guidelines has been developed to protect the rights of humans and animals used in experimental research?

The study must first be reviewed by a committee of scientists and nonscientists

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.

a. be higher in fat, sugar, or salt b. contain fewer nutrients c. provide more kcalories d. No answer is correct (All of these statements are true)

Which one of the following is viewed as the most valuable source of nutrition information?

advice from a registered dietitian

Which of the following yields energy but is not considered a nutrient?

alcohol

A processed food is defined as:

any food that has been changed from its natural state

Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is characteristic of a(an):

balance study

One group of individuals (an experimental group) is asked to eat a diet higher in fruits, vegetables and dairy foods than is typical in the population, while a second group of individuals (a control group) is asked to eat a typical diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of a(an):

epidemiological study

Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called:

homeostasis

The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is:

make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory.

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as

nutrient density

The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called:

nutrigenomics

Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical. Group A receives capsules containing caffeine and Group B receives capsules containing powdered sugar. Group B is being given a:

placebo

Which of the following food types is typically consumed by Americans today in excessive amounts?

salty and sugary

The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to:

selecting appropriate portion sizes