Chapter 1

George W. Bush

"Compassionate Conservatism" Wanted to increase spending for education & all money that came from education & social welfare went to wars instead.

Two conflicting views of the role of social welfare

1. Residual 2. Institutional orientation

Late 1960's

After President Lyndon Johnson, everyone was super hopeful, and then it all started to fade. 1960's was the point at time where thing started to change for better. AFDC stopped --> TANF (temporary assistance to needy families)

Turn of The 20th Century

Around 1880 Few leaders were getting very wealthy and the remaining population was very static.

Laissez Faire Economic Theory

Asserted that the economy & society in general would best prosper if businesses and industries were permitted to do whatever they desired to make a profit

Early 1900's

Being were trained to become a social worker. Social Work became a profession

Dynamic Sociology

Book written by Lester Ward Drew a sharp distinction between purposeless animal evolution and human evolution Opposite of Social Darwinism Theorry

Institutional Orientation

Came about after the depression The view is now that everyone has a right and everyone should be respected

World War

Case management Cause -> function Function: How can social workers help people function in society (case work, therapy and counseling) b/c of communism and radicals National Urban League: Whitney. Fill in gaps by including black race

Social Diagnosis by Mary Richmond

Casework; This book outlines what the assessment and diagnosis and treatment (medical aspect of social work: mental and community profession) Social work starts to expand.

Residual

Characterized social welfare programs from early history to depression of the 1930's The view was that it was a gift from nation and the people are unworthy

Two main functions that remain today regarding family

Child rearing and the affectional functions

Orphan Trains

Children who lived in poverty were taken via train & dropped off to go live with other people so they would no longer live in poverty. This was our first foster care in the Americas

Children

Children whose parents or grandparents were unable to support them were apprenticed out to other citizens

Insitututions

Composed of social service programs and social service organizations

Lyndon Johnson

Declared War on poverty and sought to create a great society. Very important in social work. He increased funding on the programs that already existed and created new programs (medicare and medicaid)

Social Welfare is an umbrella category of

Discipline and Institution

3. Public Health & Welfare

Established the role of federal gov in establishing social services (adoption, foster care, protective services, etc)

Progressive Era

Friendly visitors became social services; Jane Adams; Community social work

FDR

Great Depression Perkins is announced as a secretary of labor. (looked at systematic regions: wanted to fix unemployment) child labor should be prohibited, working hours reduced, Started giving local and state public relief money. Proposed temporary emergency program to provide pay to work for those unemployed. Federal government started to provide financial assistance.

1. Social Insurance

Had 2 diff programs. Unemployment Compensation and Old Age, Survivors, Disability and Health Insurance

2. Public Assistance

Has 4 programs: Aid to the blind, Aid to the disabled, Old Age (65 and older) assistance and aid to families with dependent children (AFDC) (mothers that don't have father at home)

Colonial America

Incorporated most of the provisions of the Elizabethan Poor Laws into their social welfare policies. - Towns were assigned the responsibility of providing for the needy, almshouses were built for the unemployable, orphaned children were appointed out & a system of legal residency was established

The Great Depression

Lots of jobs were lost, bank were closed (people became bankrupt). Started to provide unemployment relief. Social Work became more important after depression Jane Adams encourages community action

Industrial Revolution

Main reason for growth was technological advances = Capitalism grows. Limited work in rural areas. People move into cities to find work. American family changes. Social workers are working in cities working on family issues and city adaptation. Charity Organization society would send friendly visitors from middle class who were volunteers from church to spread gospel and encourage families to find god. They did not give money to help families with their problems though This became foundation for what became social work. "Social workers" wanted to convince the poor to change by being Godly. This was a social problem. They thought that the reason they were poor was bc they were not godly enough. friendly visitors -> social services

Social Welfare

Nation's system of programs, benefits, and services that helps people meet those social, economic, educational, and health needs that re fundamental to the maintenance of society

Barack Obama

Obama Care (reform U.S healthcare)

Settlement Houses

People would go for help. They would move into communities where people in poverty live. And they did community assessment to try to figure out systematic problems. Was idealized by Jane Adams

Herbert Hoover

President, thought that only private charities should do unemployment relief b/c if states and government started giving unemployment relief then people would not go back to work. Number of suicides increased during that time

Social Security Act

Provide a decent standard of living to every American. Wanted to help elderly so they could not rely on their families for help who are also working. 1. People who are older & retired- Social Security 2. Supplemental Security- For people who did not make enough during life time. Children and disabled

Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance

Provides monthly payment to individuals and their families when a worker retires, becomes disabled or dies

Protestant Ethic

Reached their most inhumane level in the theory of social Darwinism (based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution)

The Poor Law did not permit..

Registration of a person as being in need of charity if his or her family was able to provide support

Discipline

Social welfare overlaps with psychology, sociology and other disciplines on a knowledge-base level

Rank & File Movement

Social workers are saying that we are doing the work and not getting paid.

Jane Adams

Started out as a friendly visitor. She works for the Hull House and the Hull House is considered a settlement house. First saw community social services

Unworthy Poor

The able bodied poor

Worthy Poor

The impotent poor & children. They were able to receive funds because they were seen as being worthy of charity

Although the Elizabethan Poor Laws were passed by the Parliament, who was responsible of implementing its provisions?

The parish (the towns)

The impotent poor

This group was composed of people unable to work- older persons, the blind, the deaf, mothers with young children, and those with a physical or mental disability

The able bodied poor (unworthy poor)

This group was given low-grade employment and citizens were prohibited from offering the financial help. Anyone who refused to work was place in stock or in jail

Where we stand today!

We rank very low on the money spent on social welfare programs

The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601

Were passed as an attempt to solve the social problem in England. The Poor Law established 3 categories

Unemployment Copensation

Workers who lose their job.