Chapter 1 & 4 - Creating Multimedia Content

Halftone Image

(1850s) William Henry Fox Talbot came up with a method for printing photographic images in newsprint. Using a special large-format camera, a printer would reshoot a photograph through a perforated screen containing hundreds of small holes.

Brightness

(also called value) is the relative lightness or darkness of a color.

Characteristics of Old Media (Defining)

1. The mass media are the product of large organizations that operate with great expense. 2. The mass media are directed towards a relatively large, heterogeneous, and anonymous audience. 3. The mass media are publicly transmitted and timed to reach the most audience members simultaneously.

Web 1.0

Covers the first decade of its existence from 1991 to 2001. This era was characterized by one-way communication and point-to-point exchanges of information. Web pages of this era usually mirrored the linear presentation and structure of a printed book. Static User generated content was unheard of, and there were few opportunities for interactivity, collaboration, or customization of the user experience. For most people, access to Web 1.0 was made possible through a low-bandwidth connection using a dial-up modem.

Figure Ground

In Gestalt psychology an element that appears in the foreground of our perceptual field is called a figure, whereas everything behind it is the ground.

Plural form of Media

Television broadcasting and DVD (digital versatile disc) are transmission media used to deliver a video recording or live event to an audience.

Dot

The most basic representation of form is the____ It's the starting point for all other elements of design.

3D --> to vertigo

Using visual trickery, we can lead people into a momentary state of vertigo, affecting their sense of equilibrium.

rule of thirds

a compositional tool used to produce visually appealing images using asymmetrical balance.

Medium

a pathway or channel through which ideas, information, and meaning flow as they travel from one place or person to another.

Wiki

a tool that allows users to collaboratively create and edit documents and web pages online.

Shape

a two -dimensional element formed by the enclosure of dots and lines

Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)

a web-based application such as Adobe Flash, Oracle, Java, Microsoft Silverlight, or HTML5. ____ typically require the use of a supported browser, media player, or browser plug-in (such as Flash Player or QuickTime) to run programs and view content. ____are used for deploying "rich media" or "interactive multimedia" content to consumers. As the name implies, ____is designed to enrich the user's online experience by increasing opportunities for interactivity, customization, and personal control of a multimedia experience.

A balanced composition

achieved when the visual weight of objects is equally dispersed within the frame, producing a perceived state of equilibrium.

Social bookmarking services/News aggregators

allow users to rate and share the most popular sites and news articles on the Web. (Digg or Delicious)

Multimedia

any combination of text, graphics, video, audio, and animation in a distributable format that consumers can interact with using a digital device. Multimedia

Graphic vectors

are created by strategically placing stationary line elements within the frame. The lines can be real or implied through the placement of other visual elements. (Index and Motion)

The elements of design

are the fundamental building blocks of visual content

paradigm shift/the democratization of media

because it empowers the individual with a multitude of outlets for personal expression

Old Media

become synonymous with the seven traditional forms of mass communication: books, newspapers , magazines, film, sound recordings, radio, and television were slow to change because of the tremendous investment in the physical infrastructure

User-generated content (UGC)/onsumer-generated media (CGM)

bypasses the formal gatekeeping functions and monopolistic control that characterize the old media factories of cultural production.

Web 2.0

came into its own around 2001 following the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. was made possible in large part by the release of program authoring tools used for creating Rich Internet Applications (RIAs).

Lines

can be static (horizontal or vertical) or dynamic (diagonal).

Social Networking (Sites)

connect people with common interests, backgrounds, and associations. Such services provide numerous opportunities for synchronous and asynchronous communication through features such as live chatting, email, message board posting, event announcements, image galleries, embedded video, etc. Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, etc.,

Rendering

describes the automated background processes that are activated whenever numerical calculations or transformations are performed by a computer application.

Alignment

encourages designers to position objects that belong together along a common edge or implied line. Visual objects —text, graphics , etc.— are normally aligned along their outer edges (left, right, top, or bottom) or centers.

Color

has three dimensions: hue, saturation, and brightness.

paradigm shift

in 1962 as a way of describing monumental changes in the meanings of terms and concepts that would shake up the status quo, challenging.

Vlogging (Video Blogging)

is a hybrid form of blogging that uses video in place of a written narrative.

Algorithm

is a mathematical sequence or set of instructions for solving a problem .

Convergence

is a term that's used often to describe the merging together of previously discrete technologies into a unified whole. Ex: The smart phone is much more than a telephone appliance— it's a mobile wireless device capable of (1) surfing the Web; (2) capturing still images, video, and sound; (3) texting using the industry-wide SMS protocol (or Short Message Service); (4) sending and receiving images, video, sound, newsfeeds, ringtones, etc.,

Microblogging

is a variation of the blogging concept that limits communication to short strings of text or video. Such as Tumblr and Twitter integrate the text-messaging capabilities of mobile technologies such as the cell phone with the enhanced distribution channels of the Web and mobile apps.

Visual communication

is an area of study that investigates the transmission of ideas and information through visual forms and symbols.

Repetition

is related to similarity and suggests that repeating visual elements such as lines, colors, shapes, and patterns help strengthen the overall unity of a design.

Hue

is the color shade of an object as a single point on the color spectrum. We refer to colors most often by their hue (red, green, blue, etc.).

Batch Processing

is the execution of a series of sequential actions performed by a digital device or software application.

Form

is the manner in which content is designed, packaged, and delivered for consumption

World Wide Web

is the name given to the vast system of interconnected servers used in the transmission of digital documents formatted using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) via the Internet.

Positive space

is the portion of an image where visual elements (lines, shapes, forms, etc.) reside.

Pattern

is the reoccurrence of a visual element within a design space. Clothing, furniture, and wallpaper are often identified by the characteristic pattern they employ

Negative space

is the rest of an image, where no visual content exists.

Proportion

is the scale of an object relative to other elements within a composition. Our _____ of an object's size is related to the size and position of other objects within the field of view.

Saturation

is the strength or purity of a color. The red in a stop sign is a highly saturated hue, whereas pink is a desaturated red.

Texture

is the surface attribute of a visual object that evokes a sense of tactile interaction, and it can be implied in images. also serves to break up visual monotony. It adds visual depth, since most textures rise above the surface of an object.

Form

is three-dimensional and connects us more fully to the way we see objects in the natural world

narrowcasting

is used to describe the new media technique of delivering content of value to a niche audience with shared values and interests.

Media

means "ways of transmission " and encompasses all of the various technologies we use to record information and transmit it to others.

Modularity

means that a new media object retains its individuality when combined with other objects in a large -scale project. ex: A PowerPoint presentation is a good example of structural modularity

Organic shapes

objects in the natural world. Organic shapes have an imperfect, soft, and flowing appearance. Apple computers is a great example of how a company has used a ____ for branding its public identity.

Digital workspaces

only have two dimensions: width and height. These dimensions are measured in pixels— rectangular or square picture elements , or tiny blocks of color— rather than by using an absolute unit of measurement , such as inches or centimeters

Blog

provide users with an online publishing tool for the regular posting of written stories or narrative commentaries. Blogger and Wordpress

Hypermedia

refers to a host of digital technologies that enable the presentation of multimedia content in a nonlinear form. is not dependent on linear presentation alone, but allows the user to experience content in a nonlinear fashion. The path can vary depending on user-directed choices or spontaneous detours encountered along the way.

aspect ratio

refers to the relationship between the width and height of a design space. A 4: 3 space is 4 units wide by 3 units high.

Depth

related to the principle of figure-ground, or what we perceive in the foreground or background, which we'll discuss the term depth of field describes the portion of the z-axis that viewers perceive as being in focus at any one time.

Depth

represented by the z-axis, an imaginary sight vector that extends away from the viewer and into the center of the design.

numerical representation

states that new media objects can be defined numerically as a formal equation or mathematical function. properties of sound to a numerical value at discrete intervals of time. Each point of measurement is called a sample. In professional audio recording, sound is sampled at 48 kHz (or 48,000 times per second). In a digital recording , the value of each sample is retained in numerical form, allowing it to be individually addressed and affected mathematically.

proximity

states that objects are more likely to be perceived as related when they are positioned close together. Think for a moment about how Google returns search results. Google gives you a series of search snippets, each with a linked web page title, URL (web address), and excerpt or page description.

Traditional Media

such as books and vinyl records have a native linear structure. The contents are arranged in a logical order of presentation from beginning to end.

emphasis

suggests that a good design must have a primary focal point or center of interest.

Continuation

suggests that our brains tend to process what we see as continuing along lines that are predictable and free of obstacles, and that don't abruptly change direction.

objects of similar shape

symmetrical composition, color, and size are weighted equally on opposite sides of the frame.

Similarity

that the brain will perceive visual objects as belonging together when their style attributes are __- and uniform.

Field of View

the area of a scene that is visible to the camera at any given moment in time a camera operator can change the field of view by zooming the lens in or out, or by moving closer to or farther away from the subject. "Framing a shot" involves making conscious decisions about what to include and exclude (crop) from within the frame. The spatial area of the scene the camera "sees" is controlled by the person composing the shot.

Multimedia (melting Pot)

the melting pot that has brought all storytellers and content producers into the same creative crucible.

Content

the tangible essence of a work : the stories, ideas, and information that we exchange with others. Form Without good _____ even the best designs and visual treatments will fall flat. The phrase "eye candy " has become a popular cliché for describing something that is visually appealing but lacking in substantive value.

Unity

the viewer should be able to grasp the essence of the "big picture" without being distracted by the individual elements of a design. visual content is haphazardly arranged and disorganized, the brain must work harder to make sense it.

cultural transcoding

to describe the bi-directional influence of computers and human culture acting reciprocally upon one another.

New Media

used to describe the relatively recent emergence of digital technologies that have changed the way that content is produced, distributed, and consumed.

Contrast

value describes the range of light and dark portions in an image or design. In photography, film, and television,

Singular form of Media

videotape is a recording medium used for storing moving images and sound onto the physical surface of a magnetic strip.

hyperconnectivity

whereby people and machines stay perpetually connected via an ever expanding network of diverse communication channels.

Web 3.0

will likely involve the creation of new standards and protocols for unifying the way that content is coded, organized, and analyzed by computers monitoring the Web. This may involve transforming the Web into a massive unified database akin to a virtual library.