chapter 1 bio

Select all the true statements about double-blind studies.

A double-blind study helps avoid bias in medical research. Neither the researchers nor the participants know who received the placebo and who received the the treatment substance.

The complex properties seen in living things are evidence that biological structure is closely tied to

function

A living thing or individual is also called a(n)

organism

All living organisms are organized into one of ______ domains.

3

Select all of the domains that contain prokaryotic organisms.

Archaea Bacteria

One way that organisms in the domain Bacteria differ from organisms in the domain Archaea is the presence of

dna sequences differences

What is the science of naming and classifying organisms?

taxology

Select all of the following that are Domain names in the taxonomic hierarchy of life.

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

What group of eukaryotes includes many different unrelated species that are united solely because they are not fungi, plants, or animals?

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Match each characteristic of life to its correct example. Instructions

Internal constancy-the ph blood is maintained within a narrow range energy use- the breakdown of food molecules provide fuel to drive the chemical reactions within cells Reproduction and development- a chickem ;lays eggs the hatch into young offspring, which undergo cell division and tissue developement to become adults. organization- organ systems are composed of several organs which are in turn copsed of several tissues, which are compsed of cells evolution- the genetic compostion of a population of foxes changes over time

Select all of the qualities of a valid hypothesis.

It can be rejected. It must be testable.

Select all of the characteristics of natural selection.

It favors adaptations to the current environment. Genetic variability in organisms is required.

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

standardized variable

a parameter of the experiment that is held constant

Emergent properties show that biological function and structure

are interdependent

Rank the following levels of biological organization from smallest at the top to largest at the bottom.

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ

Particles that make up molecules are called

atoms

What term refers to all parts of the planet that can support life?

biosphere

Select all of the characteristics of variables in an experiment.

can be the response that is measured can be changed by the investigator

What is a structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions?

cell

What is the basic unit of life and consists of a membrane enclosing water, DNA, and other chemicals?

cell

All organisms are composed of one or more_____, the basic unit of life.

cells

Select all the types of data and characteristics that scientists can use to help compare evolutionary relationships between organisms.

cellular attributes genetic characteristics biochemical aspects anatomical features

Select two scientists that independently developed the idea of natural selection.

charles darwin alfred wallace

What describes metabolism?

chemical reactions that occur within cells to acquire and use energy and molecules

The cell's genetic instructions are encoded in a molecule called ______, and these instructions are used to produce proteins and allow the cell to carry out specialized functions.

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

If an investigator varies the treatment type for ulcers, the response of patients to the different treatments that is measured is the ______ variable.

dependent

What process describes the cell division and growth of specialized tissues that produces a multicellular organism from a single, fertilized egg?

development

A(n) ______ study occurs when neither the researchers nor participants know which experimental groups are given the placebo or the true treatment to be tested.

double blind

What biological level includes the living and nonliving components of a particular area?

ecosystem

New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the lower level components of an organism interact are called__properties

emergent

All living things are composed of one or more cells, use ______ to grow and reproduce, and maintain a state of internal constancy.

energy

What domain is characterized by having unicellular and multicellular organisms whose cells contain a nucleus?

eukarya

Natural selection is a mechanism of ______ that selects for adaptations.

evolution

The change in genes of a population over multiple generations can also be referred to as

evolution

Organisms are linked with one another through ______, in which primary producers are eaten by consumers, which are in turn eaten by other consumers, all of which can be decomposed by fungi and bacteria.

food web

Select all the types of data and characteristics that scientists can use to help compare evolutionary relationships between organisms.

genetic characteristics cellular attributes biochemical aspects anatomical features

In the example of natural selection shown in the image, the mutation in the red cell is an example of the ______ that natural selection acts on.

genetic variation

In the scientific name Homo sapiens, the word Homo is the ______ of the organism and the word sapiens is the ______.

genus; species descriptor

In multicellular organisms, an offspring undergoes a process called ______, in which multiple rounds of cell division produce a mature individual.

growth and development

Using a process called ______, living organisms maintain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.

homeostasis

What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism?

homeostasis

In an experiment, the treatment manipulated by a scientist is called the ______ variable, and the response to the treatment measure by the scientist is called the ______ variable.

indepedent, dependent

The low, medium, and high concentrations of vaccine in the experiment shown make up the ______ variable.

independent

In scientific experiments, more credible results are obtained with a ______ sample size.

larger

______ is characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution.

life

The chemical reactions that occur within cells and allow organisms to build molecules and use energy for their activities are collectively called

metabolism

Select all of the following that can be limitations to scientific studies.

misinterpretations of results reluctance to accept unexpected conclusions biases of scientists

What theory did Charles Darwin introduce in his book On the Origin of Species in the 1860s?

natural selection

In the image, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increased reproductive success due to ______, which is a mechanism of ______.

natural selection; evolution

Because science is ______, theories can change to accommodate new ideas and discoveries.

open to new info

In a new environment, what types of organisms will survive under the force of natural selection?

organisms with the highest reproductive success

Select all of the following that can describe the control group in an experiment.

placebo receives a zero value for the independent variable

What group of eukaryotes includes many different unrelated species that are united solely because they are not fungi, plants, or animals?

protista

Select all the questions that are difficult or impossible to answer using science.

questions about the meaning of life questions about morality

The production of new organisms that are similar to existing organisms is a property of life called

reproduction

In most organisms, only some of the offspring that are produced will survive to reproduce because

resources are limited

Results of an experiment are considered ______ if they have a low probability of occurring purely due to chance.

significant

independent variable

the manipulated portion of the experiment

dependent variable

the response that an investigator measures

The discovery in 1903 of a moth species with a tongue long enough to reach the deep nectaries of an orchid species discovered earlier on Madagascar demonstrates that

the work of scientist can be collaborative

In the hierarchy of biological organization, an organ is composed of several ______ interacting and working together.

tissues

The scientific definition of theory is "a ______," whereas the nonscientific definition of theory is "a _______."

well-tested explanation; guess

In science, a theory is a broad explanation for a natural phenomenon that is

widely accepted