Chapter 1, Chapter 5, Chapter 2, Chapter 4, Chapter 3
In a weighted scoring model, what percent must the sum of the weights of all the criteria total?
100
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?
A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
Which is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
In which development life cycle do stakeholders define and approve the detailed scope before the start on an iteration?
Adaptive
_____ software development can be used for software development or in any environment in which the requirements are unknown or change quickly.
Agile
Which statement best describes outsourcing?
An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
Which of the following questions reflects the strategic goals of project portfolio management?
Are we investing in the right areas?
Which action involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them?
Collecting requirements
Which planning process is associated with project scope management?
Collecting requirements
Select an example of external stakeholders for an organization.
Competitors
What process involves identifying and controlling the functional and physical design characteristics of products and their support documentation, and ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete?
Configuration management
_____ refers to the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior.
Control
What actions result in improvements in project performance?
Corrective
In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used?
Cost
Which activity is a part of the Scrum planning process?
Creating sprint backlog
Which planning process is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area?
Creation of a WBS
Which action involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved?
Defining scope
Which term refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project?
Deliverable
Which are outputs of the executing process of project integration management?
Deliverables
Which is an example of a pre-initiation task?
Developing a business case for a project
Which process involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project?
Developing the project charter
Which process involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project?
Developing the project management plan
What are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence referred to as?
Directives
_____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.
Directives
_____ factors include relevant government or industry standards, the organization's infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.
Enterprise environmental
Which of the following refers to a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong?
Ethics
_____ the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations
Executing
A Gantt chart is the same as a project management plan.
False
A project manager's primary role is to provide the funding for a project.
False
Corrective actions reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks, while preventive actions should result in improvements in project performance.
False
Effective program managers recognize that managing a project is much more complex than managing a program.
False
Good project managers assume that their definition of success is the same as the sponsors.
False
Individual projects always address strategic goals whereas portfolio management addresses tactical goals.
False
It is mandatory for project managers working on large information technology projects to be experts in the field of information technology.
False
It is necessary that IT project managers have prior technical experience in creating and managing IT products.
False
Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams.
False
The burndown chart is a Scrum created artifact that provides a list of features prioritized by business value.
False
The enterprise project management software, which aids project and portfolio management, is a low-end tool.
False
The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects.
False
The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase.
False
The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.
False
The pre-initiation phase of a project using the Scrum method does not involve project charters, stakeholder management strategy, and kick-off meetings.
False
The team members of a virtual team are all of the same nationality.
False
To be a successful manager, the only skills an IT project manager needs to possess are excellent technical skills.
False
When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.
False
In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines. Which type of organizational structure does Rizatti Corp have?
Functional
In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the least amount of authority?
Functional
Which tool is most likely to be used in project schedule management?
Gantt charts
_____ refers to the degree to which work activities are organized around teams, rather than individuals.
Group emphasis
Joe is a project manager in an IT company and has over the years, gained substantial knowledge in his area of work. However, while managing his team, he often loses his temper. In addition, he fails to be an active listener when his team members approach him with work related challenges. In which of the following areas does Joe need to develop his skills in?
Human relations skills
_________ issues often occur during project execution, especially conflicts.
Human resource
Which approach to product development is currently used by many organizations so a predictive set of steps is used as an overall means to coordinate more detailed steps that are adaptively managed?
Hybrid
A major element of good practice concerns _____, which addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management.
IT governance
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development?
In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.
Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?
In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
What processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase?
Initiating
_____ involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle.
Integrated change control
_____ involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.
Interface management
Which statement is true of project management?.
It does not guarantee successes for all projects.
What statement is true regarding a return on investment or ROI?
It is always a percentage.
Which characteristic is true of virtual teams?
It is important to select team members carefully.
Which is true about the agile method?
It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product.
Which process uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems?
JAD
Which tool can best help in efficient communication management?
Kick-off meetings
Which type of tool is usually recommended for small projects and single users?
Low-end
Which is an example of an organizational process asset?
Management systems
Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession?
Member identity
_____ tools, a step up from low-end tools, are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.
Midrange
What is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software?
Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.
____ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas when creating a WBS.
Mind mapping
_____ is a technique that uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.
Mind mapping
_____ project work includes collecting, measuring, and disseminating performance information.
Monitoring
Which process includes measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan?
Monitoring and controlling
What type of analysis involves calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time?
Net present value
_____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time.
Net present value (NPV)
Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment?
Open-systems focus
The term "_____" refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business.
Operations
_____ refer to chances to improve the organization.
Opportunities
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.
Organizational culture
_____ include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project's success.
Organizational process assets
_____ is an organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source.
Outsourcing
Which organization provides certification as a Project Management Professional?
PMI
_____ is a project management methodology that defines 45 separate subprocesses and organizes these into eight process groups.
PRojects IN Controlled Environments PRINCE2
Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization?
People focus
What processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs?
Planning
Which perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups?
Political frame
In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed?
Predictive
Which process is undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks?
Preventive actions
_____ refer to undesirable situations that prevent an organization from achieving its goals.
Problems
In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the most authority?
Project
The _____ is an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969.
Project Management Institute
A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization.
Project Management Office
Which project management knowledge area primarily involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information?
Project communications management
Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a few alterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope with the change?
Project environment knowledge
Which project management knowledge area is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas?
Project integration management
_____ involves coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project's life cycle.
Project integration management
_____ is "the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements."
Project management
Which goal distinguishes project management and portfolio management?
Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.
_____ progress from initiation activities to planning activities, executing activities, monitoring and controlling activities, and closing activities.
Project management process groups
_____ refers to the process in which organizations group and manage projects and programs as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire enterprise's success.
Project portfolio management
Which project management knowledge area ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken?
Project quality management
Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully?
Project scope management
_____ includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project.
Project scope management
Which characteristic highlights a difference between projects and operations?
Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.
Which project would be compatible with the use of the agile approach?
Projects that have more flexible scheduling
Which process involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system?
Prototyping
_____ involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system.
Prototyping
In which systems development life cycle do model developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously?
Prototyping life cycle
The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.
RAD life cycle
Which framework is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members?
Rational Unified Process
Which is a disadvantage for virtual teams compared to traditional teams?
Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
_____ refer to "conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification."
Requirements
Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which constraint is Galaxy currently facing?
Resources
_____ include people, hardware, software, or other assets.
Resources
_____ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.
Return on investment (ROI)
A(n) _____ is a framework for describing the phases of developing information systems.
SDLC
A(n) _____ involves analyzing a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and is used to aid in strategic planning.
SWOT analysis
_____ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.
Scope
_____ involves controlling changes to the project scope while keeping project goals and business strategy in mind.
Scope control
_____ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
Scope creep
What process involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders?
Scope validation
Sprint planning is part of the basic ______.
Scrum framework
A(n) _____ is a cross-functional team of five to nine people who organize themselves and the work to produce the desired results for each sprint.
Scrum team
A(n) _____ is the person who ensures that the team is productive, facilitates the daily Scrum, enables close cooperation across all roles and functions, and removes barriers that prevent the team from being effective.
ScrumMaster
_____ are people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents to the project.
Stakeholders
_____ involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, studying opportunities and threats, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services.
Strategic planning
Which perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management?
Structural frame
_____ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.
Systems
Which problem-solving approach requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs?
Systems analysis
_____ addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system.
Systems management
Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. Which approach describes the holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization?
Systems thinking
Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____.
The Robinson family
In organizational culture, what does means-end orientation refer to?
The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
In organizational culture, what does people focus refer to?
The degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
In organizational culture, what does control refer to?
The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
Which objective is true of projects?
They have a unique purpose.
Which attribute best defines the role of leaders?
They inspire people to reach goals.
Which attribute is true of low-end tools of project management software?
They provide basic project management features.
Which of the following is true of program managers?
They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.
A project's stakeholders include its customers, users, and suppliers.
True
A sprint review is a meeting in which the team demonstrates to the product owner what it has completed during the sprint
True
A summary of the planned approach for managing the project should describe stakeholder needs and expectations, important assumptions, and constraints.
True
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
True
According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means.
True
An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.
True
An organization usually commits more money as a project continues, therefore a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.
True
Change requests are always made in writing.
True
Every project should have a well-defined objective.
True
Identifying the project sponsor is a pre-initiation task.
True
In project integration management, directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it.
True
In the Scrum method, team members work as a self-directed group coached by the ScrumMaster.
True
Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.
True
Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer.
True
Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.
True
Kick-off meeting agendas are usually recorded in a Word document.
True
Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement.
True
Many organizations provide different guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.
True
Many project management activities occur as part of the planning process group.
True
Maturity models, statistical methods, and test plans are examples of tools used in quality management.
True
Organizational process asset updates are an important output of the closing process of a project.
True
Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project.
True
Program managers are change agents.
True
Project managers and their teams must recognize the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.
True
Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.
True
Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization.
True
Project managers must take adequate time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders.
True
Project managers work with the project sponsors to define success for particular projects.
True
Project resource management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with a project.
True
Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.
True
Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects.
True
Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.
True
Some organizations initiate projects using a contract in place of a project charter.
True
Stakeholder analyses, work requests, and project charters are tools used in integration management.
True
Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management.
True
The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) methodology of the Six Sigma projects, is used to improve an existing business process.
True
The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.
True
The executing process group generally requires the most resources.
True
The introduction of new software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive and easy to create.
True
The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.
True
The main purpose of the WBS is to define all of the work required to complete a project.
True
The only responsibility of a project manager is to meet the specific scope, time, and cost goals of a project.
True
The project management plan, project documents, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.
True
The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.
True
The same organization can have different subcultures.
True
The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project.
True
The two main items for monitoring and controlling in the Scrum framework are the daily Scrum and the sprint retrospectives.
True
Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.
True
Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.
True
Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other?
Unit integration
Which process involves identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them?
Use case modeling
_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.
Use case modeling
_____ are short descriptions written by customers of what they need a Scrum system to do for them.
User stories
Which action involves normalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables?
Validating scope
Which term refers to the difference between planned and actual performance?
Variance
_____ is the difference between planned and actual performance.
Variance
A(n) _____ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.
WBS dictionary
Which systems development life cycle model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined?
Waterfall life cycle
When does payback occur?
When the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs
An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. Which is this an example of?
a corrective action
An important tool for project scope management is _____.
a work breakdown structure
If done well, the _________ can produce several releases of useful software.
agile approach agile method
Which approach for constructing a WBS uses a similar project's WBS as a starting point?
analogy
In Scrum, a(n) _____ is a useful object created by people.
artifact
A(n) _____ is a strategic planning and management system that helps organizations align business activities to strategy, improve communications, and monitor performance against strategic goals.
balanced scorecard
A _____ is a starting point, a measurement, or an observation that is documented so that it can be used for future comparison. changes.
baseline
Which process involves generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization?
benchmarking
During which approach do team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS?
bottom-up
In the _____ approach to creating a WBS, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.
bottom-up
Which section of the project management plan provides the planned cost of deliverables?
budget
What important Scrum artifact is used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring and controlling process?
burndown chart
Which stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology?
business area analysis
Project procurement management mainly involves:
buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format.
calendar
What term is used for benefits minus costs?
cash flow
Some projects have a senior manager called a(n) _____ who acts as a key advocate for a project.
champion
A(n) _____ is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project.
change control board (CCB)
Which term is used for a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes?
change control system
A _____ is a tool used in quality management.
checklist
Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in which processes?
closing
Which process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end?
closing
"What is the project's budget?" This is an example of a project's _____ constraint.
cost
Project _____ management consists of preparing and managing the budget for a project.
cost
A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the _____, the return available by investing the capital elsewhere.
cost of capital
Subdividing the project deliverables into smaller pieces is known as _____.
decomposition
What is the main technique used in creating a WBS, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces?
decomposition
A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.
deliverable
Which term describes a product produced as part of a project?
deliverable
What is the first step in determining the NPV?
determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
What is one of the main outputs of the initiation process?
developing the project charter
Which processes include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements?
executing
The most time and money should be spent on ______.
executing execution project execution
What is the majority of time on a project is usually spent on?
execution
The symbolic perspective of an organization:
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
In a(n) _____ organizational structure, project managers have little or no authority.
functional
Three general classifications of organizational structures are _____, project, and matrix.
functional
What is the main purpose of project plans?
guide project execution
Some organizations prescribe the form and content for WBSs for particular projects. These are known as _____.
guidelines
Enterprise project management software is also known as a _____ tool of project management software.
high-end
Soft skills are also known as _____ skills.
human relations
The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people
human resources
The organization recognizes that a new project exists and completes a project charter during which processes for a new project?
initiating
The project stakeholder management knowledge area maps to which process group by identifying stakeholders?
initiating
What process group does the project integration management knowledge area map to through the activities of developing project charters?
initiating
The main tool for performing scope validation is _____ and group decision making techniques.
inspection
The project management plan is the output of which project planning process?
integration management
The _____ is the discount rate that results in an NPV of zero for a project.
internal rate of return (IRR)
A(n) _____ is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans.
kick-off meeting
Project management _____ describe the key competencies that project managers must develop.
knowledge areas
A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS.
lowest
In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.
matrix
A(n) _____ describes how things should be done.
methodology
Which technique is used for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks?
mind mapping
Reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track, is a common part of which process?
monitoring and controlling
The ideal outcome of the _____ process group is to complete a project successfully by delivering the agreed-upon project scope within time, cost, and quality constraints.
monitoring and controlling
The outputs of which process include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates?
monitoring and controlling
The project schedule management knowledge area maps to which process group through the activity of schedule control?
monitoring and controlling
The project scope management knowledge area maps to which process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control?
monitoring and controlling
High-end tools are generally licensed on a(n) _____ basis.
per-user
Ethics is a set of principles that guides decision making based on _____ of what is considered right and wrong.
personal values
Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with which process in project scope management?
planning
The project cost management knowledge area maps to which process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination?
planning
What is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management?
planning
In project integration management, project ______ and _______ are intertwined and inseparable activities.
planning, execution
High-end tools in project management software have enterprise and _____ functions that summarize and combine individual project information to provide an enterprise view of all projects.
portfolio management
A project's sponsor is also known as a(n) _____.
primary customer
A _____ is a tool used in risk management.
probability matrix
A(n)_____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.
process
A(n) _____ is the person responsible for the business value of the project and for deciding what work to do and in what order when using a Scrum method.
product owner
A(n) _____ is "a group of related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually."
program
In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.
project
_____ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
project
Which document recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management?
project charter
What process provides enterprise environmental factors as an output?
project human resource management
An organizational process assets update is the output of which closing process?
project integration management
What document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control?
project management plan
What is developed in the Project Integration Management knowledge area?
project management plan
Passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants. Similarly, passing the PMP exam is becoming a standard for _____.
project managers
Which information is included in a business case?
project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals
Which section of the project management plan includes external interfaces, internal structure, as well as roles and responsibilities?
project organization
Which process includes defining project scope, benefits, and constraints?
project planning
The main outputs of scope definition are the _____ and project document updates.
project scope statement
The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project.
project sponsor
The _____ of project management includes quality, scope, time, and cost constraints.
quadruple constraint
What term is used for the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment?
required rate of return
Which output documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed?
requirements management plan
What is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed referred to as?
requirements traceability matrix
A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.
requirements traceability matrix (RTM)
Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management.
resource
Which process involves selecting information technology projects and assigning resources?
resource allocation
A risk register is the output of _____.
risk management
Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management.
schedule
Project _____ management includes estimating how long it will take to complete the work, developing an acceptable project schedule, and ensuring timely completion of a project.
schedule
Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing _____ and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.
schedule
Which section of the project plan lists the planned dates for completing key deliverables?
schedule
The question, "What unique product, service, or result does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?" is an example of a(n) _____ constraint.
scope
The _____ includes the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary.
scope baseline
The main outputs of _____are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.
scope definition
Which document should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project?
scope statement
The _____ life cycle model is suitable for projects in which changes can be incorporated with reasonable cost increases or acceptable time delays.
spiral
A(n) _____ is a set period of time, normally two to four weeks, during which specific work must be completed and made ready for review when using Scrum methods.
sprint
A(n) _____ is a Scrum artifact and consists of the highest-priority items from the product backlog to be completed in a sprint.
sprint backlog
In the Scrum method, during which meeting is the improvement of the product and process discussed?
sprint retrospective
A(n) _____ is a document that includes stakeholders' roles, names, organizations, and contact information.
stakeholder register
A difference between strategic and tactical goals is:
strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.
The _____ frame of the organization is the one that is usually depicted in an organizational chart.
structural
When using project management software, estimates of work time should be entered only at the work package level; the rest of the WBS items are just groupings or _____ tasks.
summary
Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.
symbolic
The _____ frame of an organization relates to the company's culture.
symbolic
A(n) _____ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.
systems philosophy
A hierarchy is used to show the levels of _____ in the WBS.
task
A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method, because Scrum implies that team members work as a self-directed group.
team charter
Which section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information?
technical processes
The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and _____.
technology
What is scope creep?
the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger
What is the first step in the planning process?
tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan
The question, "What is the project's schedule?" is an example of a(n) _____ constraint.
time
Which approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail?
top-down
Which approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items?
top-down
Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using which approach?
top-down or bottom-up approach
In project management, the three limitations of scope, time, and cost are referred to as the _____.
triple constraint
The _____ life cycle model is used when risk must be tightly controlled and when changes must be restricted after the requirements are defined.
waterfall
A(n) _____ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria.
weighted scoring model
What tool provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance?
work breakdown structure
Which document contains a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project?
work breakdown structure
A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope.
work breakdown structure (WBS)
Creating the _____ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
work breakdown structure (WBS)
The _____ is a very important tool in project management because it provides the basis for deciding how to do the work.
work breakdown structure (WBS)
Which statement best describes scope?
work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them
Which task is at the lowest level of the WBS?
work package
A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of what value for the project?
zero
Opportunities and directives are essentially the same thing.
False
The ROI is always positive.
False
The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time.
False
The output of the stakeholder management strategy results is a project charter.
False
The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.
False
The number of interfaces in a single project is limited, and does not depend on the number of people involved in the project.
False
The primary role of project stakeholder management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the stated needs for which it was undertaken.
False
The project organizational structure is the most efficient choice for most IT projects.
False
The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors do not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.
False
The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors.
False
The scope of a project is clear and specific from the start.
False
The tasks in a WBS must be developed as a sequential list of steps.
False
Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.
False
A SWOT analysis, being a linear process, cannot be performed using the nonlinear mind mapping technique.
False
A difference between operations and projects is that operations end when their objectives have been reached, whereas projects do not.
False
A milestone list is an output associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
False
A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.
False
A work package must always represent less than 80 hours of work.
False
A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver.
False
Agile methods are used when deliverables have a low degree of change.
False
An organization should consider only projects with a negative NPV if financial value is a key criterion for project selection.
False
An organization's information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan.
False
An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult.
False
An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.
True
As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated.
True
Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format.
True
Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.
True
Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.
True
NPV analysis is a method for making equal comparisons between cash flows for multi-year projects.
True
One of the main reasons why project management is challenging is because of the factor of uncertainty.
True
Projects should be developed in increments.
True
Projects that arise as a result of problems and directives must be resolved quickly to avoid hurting an organization's business.
True
Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
False
Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project.
False
Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.
False
The importance of stakeholders' needs and expectations is limited to the beginning of a project.
False
An organization's project management plan expresses the vision, mission, goals, objectives, and strategies of the organization.
False
Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.
False
Earned value management is a tool primarily used in resource management.
False
Given the project management software that is available, it is relatively easy to create a good WBS.
False
In order to be realistic, a project manager should always set discrete goals instead of a range of objectives.
False
Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.
False
Initiating processes are not required to end a project.
False
Interface management involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of a project.
False
Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens.
False
It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases.
False
Managing the triple constraint primarily involves making trade-offs between resources and quality.
False
Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a payback analysis makes a lot of sense.
False
Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies' problems can be traced to its organizational structure
False
Opponents of a project do not belong to the category of stakeholders.
False
Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization.
False
Project procurement management primarily involves identifying stakeholder needs while managing their engagement throughout the life of the project.
False
Project scope statements must include the project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions.
False
Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals.
False
Projects that address broad organizational needs are likely to fail.
False
Questions about how a team will track schedule performance is related to a project's scope.
False
Responsibility assignment matrices and project organizational charts are examples of tools used in procurement management.
False
Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system.
False
The Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework is incompatible with the PMBOK process.
False
The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.
False
The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.
False