Chapter 1 Cog Psych

The main point of the Donders' reaction time experiments was to

measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision

The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as

operant conditioning

Reaction time refers to the time between the ________ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.

presentation

Wundt's procedure in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions is known as

Analytic introspection

In which year was positron emission tomography introduced and made possible to see which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity?

1976

Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?

Because he used behavior to infer mental processes

Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?

It produces variable results from person to person

The use of the term "artificial intelligence" was coined by

John McCarthy

Who proposed that children's language development was caused by imitation and reinforcement?

Skinner

How is the term mind used in the statement "when he talks about his encounter with aliens, it sounds like he is out of his mind"?

The mind as a healthy mind being associated with normal functioning, a non functioning mind with abnormal functioning

Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?

Tolman

With which of the following sentences would the author disagree?

We can consider the mind extraordinary if it is used for extraordinary purposes.

The "Little Albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

classical conditioning

Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of

cognition

A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as a(n)

cognitive map

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented to each ear, found all but which of the following?

People who are dead process auditory info on a non conscious level

Which of the following terms is correct in context with "pairing one stimulus with another"?

Classical conditioning

What is the study of mental processes that includes determining the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates?

Cognitive psychology

Endel Tulving, one of the most prominent early memory research's proposed that long term memory is subdivided into:

Episodic, semantic, and procedural memory